\u6839\u636e4\u670821\u65e5\u73af\u7403\u90ae\u62a5\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6279\u201c\u7edd\u5bc6\u201d\u6863\u6848\u7684\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u5f20\u6d77\u71d5\uff08Haiyan Zhang\uff0c\u97f3\u8bd1\uff09\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u672a\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u4fe1\u4efb\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5979\u53c2\u4e0e\u673a\u5bc6\u7ea7\u522b\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u5f85\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5979\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8b\u800c\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u73b0\u5e7445\u5c81\u7684\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u66fe\u7ecf\u5728\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4e3e\u529e\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u5b98\u4fdd\u6301\u7740\u53cb\u8c0a\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u4e2d\u5171\u5589\u820c\u7684\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u51e0\u6b21\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u8d44\u52a9\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u5728\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u8fd8\u57288\u5e74\u4e2d\u5f80\u8fd4\u4e2d\u56fd8\u6b21\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u6839\u636e\u60c5\u62a5\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u51e0\u5e74\u524d\u66fe\u7ecf\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u57c3\u53ca\u5b98\u5458\u90a3\u91cc\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cc\u9762\u85cf\u6709700\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u955c\u6846\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u793c\u7269\u4e8b\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
1963\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u58f0\u79f0\u5728\u5b66\u751f\u65f6\u4ee3\u5979\u5c31\u5bf9\u82f1\u8bed\u6709\u504f\u7231\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u5728\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9ad8\u5206\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u62db\u7eb3\u5979\u6210\u4e3a\u8be5\u793e\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u5973\u6027\u56fd\u5916\u901a\u8baf\u5458\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6309\u7167\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u8f9b\u52e4\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c06\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u62a5\u5bfc\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7ed9\u56fd\u5185\u4f7f\u7528\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u65e9\u572890\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u53bb\u4e86\u5f00\u7f57\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u8bf4\u5979\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f4d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540d\u4e3a\u9c8d\u52c3\uff08Bob\uff09\u7684\u7537\u58eb\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u670b\u53cb\u3002\u5979\u8bf7\u4ed6\u5e2e\u5fd9\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5ff5\u4e66\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u56de\u62a5\uff0c\u8be5\u7537\u58eb\u8981\u6c42\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e00\u4efd\u5199\u4f5c\u6837\u672c\u3002\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u79f0\u5979\u5199\u4e86\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u624b\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u63cf\u7ed8\u5728\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u4e2d\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u4e60\u4f1a\u8bae\u201d\uff0c\u6587\u7ae0\u5185\u5bb9\u5305\u62ec\u63cf\u8ff0\u5979\u7684\u4e0a\u53f8\u56e0\u4e3a\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u5979\u5199\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5d29\u6e83\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u5979\u591a\u5199\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e2d\u4e1c\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u7b49\u3002\u9c8d\u52c3\u5148\u751f\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u663e\u7136\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u53cb\u8c0a\u5f88\u611f\u6fc0\u3002\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u5728\u6211\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u60ca\u5947\u5730\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u79bb\u5f00\u800c\u9001\u6211\u7684\u955c\u6846\u4e4b\u5185\u5939\u6709700\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u60c5\u62a5\u5ba1\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08SIRC\uff09\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u5f00\u7f57\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u7684\u9c8d\u52c3\u5148\u751f\u8d60\u9001\u5979700\u7f8e\u5143\u793c\u7269\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u201c\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u4e00\u822c\u4e14\u96be\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u201d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6SIRC\u8fd8\u53d1\u73b0\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u65e0\u6cd5\u56de\u5fc6\u8d77\u5979\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u5177\u4f53\u59d3\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002SIRC\u8bf4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u793c\u54c1\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5f15\u53d1\u4e86\u53ef\u9760\u6027\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5b83\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5077\u5077\u6478\u6478\u5730\u5bf9\u539f\u544a\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8865\u507f\u3002\u201dSIRC\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u201c\u4e3a\u4f55\u5979\u504f\u8981\u53bb\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u5185\u90e8\u5b66\u4e60\u4e2d\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5979\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\uff1f\u4e2d\u5171\u653f\u5e9c\u5e76\u4e0d\u60f3\u8ba9\u624b\u5199\u4ef6\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u88ab\u53d1\u8868\u51fa\u53bb\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n
\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u60c5\u62a5\u673a\u6784\u7ecf\u5e38\u5c06\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u4e0e\u60c5\u62a5\u673a\u5173\u7b49\u540c\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u673a\u5bc6\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u57282005\u5e747\u5929\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u542c\u8bc1\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5c31\u4efbSIRC\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4fdd\u7f57-\u683c\u897f\u4e9a\uff08Paule Gauthier\uff09\u9f13\u52b1\u5bf9\u6b64\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u201c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7684\u524d\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u8be5\u5973\u58eb\u53ef\u80fd\u5e2e\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u4ece\u4e8b\u60c5\u62a5\u6d3b\u52a8\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n
\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u4e8b\u4ef6 <\/p>\n
\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u79d1\u5a01\u7279\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u4efb\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u95fb\u4eba\u58eb\u5e38\u53bb\u7684\u9152\u5427\u4e2d\u9047\u89c1\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u30021995\u5e74\u4e24\u4eba\u7ed3\u5a5a\u5e76\u8fc1\u81f3\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a\u201cChinabridge Communications\u201d\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\uff0c\u8be5\u7ec4\u7ec7\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u8c18\u8be2\u516c\u53f8\uff0c\u5ba2\u6237\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u53ca\u8054\u90a6\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u516c\u53f8\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u673a\u6784\u8fdb\u5165\u4e2d\u56fd\u3002\u800c\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u79f0\uff0c\u201c\u53ea\u6709\u53c2\u52a0\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u53ca\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6d3b\u52a8\u624d\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u7c7b\u6d3b\u52a8\u5979\u4e5f\u53ea\u53c2\u52a0\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n
\u57282002\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u8054\u90a6\u5de5\u4e1a\u90e8\u96c7\u7528\u4e86\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u3002\u5728\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6587\u6863\u4e2d\uff0c\u5979\u5199\u9053\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u7cbe\u51c6\u5730\u62e5\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u624d\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u8fd8\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u4e00\u5458\u3002\u201d\u6709\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\uff08\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u4f9b\u8c18\u8be2\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u673a\u6784\uff0cPCO\uff09\u5c31\u5bf9\u5979\u611f\u5174\u8da3,\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b98\u5458\u8bf1\u60d1\u5979\u52a0\u5165PCO\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u57282\u5e74\u5185\u5979\u80fd\u5b66\u5230\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u4e00\u8f88\u5b50\u90fd\u5b66\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u81ea\u90a3\u65f6\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u4e2d\u4efb\u804c\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5206\u6790\u5e08\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6790\u5e08\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e2d\u51fa\u5e2d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u57282003\u5e74\u76848\u6708\uff0cPCO\u7a81\u7136\u5f00\u9664\u4e86\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8b66\u536b\u8981\u6c42\u5979\u79bb\u5f00\u5979\u7684\u684c\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u7559\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6211\u4ece\u672a\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\uff0c\u6cc4\u9732\u4efb\u4f55\u7684\u4fe1\u606f…\u5c06\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5229\u76ca\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6cc4\u9732\u7ed9\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u3002\u201d
\n \u3000
\nSIRC\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u8fd8\u66fe\u7ecf\u60f3\u5c06\u5728\u5979\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u529e\u516c\u684c\u4e0a\u5185\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u7684CD-ROM\u5e26\u8d70\uff0c\u4f46\u662fSIRC\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u660e\uff08\u8d44\u6599\u7684\uff09\u5177\u4f53\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5728\u5979\u88ab\u6307\u8ba4\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0e\u90a3\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u548c\u60c5\u62a5\u6536\u96c6\u6d3b\u52a8\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u9a7b\u5916\u4ee3\u8868\u6709\u7ecf\u5e38\u8054\u7cfb\u201d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u4e0e\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u53ca\u4e00\u4f4d\u201c\u77f3\u59d3\u201d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u5b98\u5458\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7537\u58eb\u8fd8\u88ab\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8d38\u6613\u4ee3\u8868\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e2d\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u4e8b\u4ef6\u66fe\u88ab\u70ed\u8bae <\/p>\n
\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\uff08CSIS\uff09\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5176\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u91d1-\u4f73\u5fb7\uff08Jim Judd\uff09\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u4e8b\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8c08\u8bdd\u3002 <\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u7f57\u5fb7\uff08Rod Zimmer\uff09\u8be2\u95ee\u4f73\u5f97\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u5f80\u6211\u4eec\u56fd\u5bb6\u6d3e\u9063\uff08\u60c5\u62a5\uff09\u4eba\u5458\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u5047\u8bbe\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a…\u201d
\n \u3000
\n\u4f73\u5fb7\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u6765\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u3002\u3002\u3002\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\u7279\u522b\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u65c5\u884c\u8005\u4eba\u6570\u4e4b\u591a\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6765\u81ea\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u60f3\u505a\u51fa\u653f\u6cbb\u6027\u7684\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4e0d\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u70b9\u540d\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u670915\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6bd4\u8f83\u611f\u5174\u8da3\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u6570\u65f6\u591a\u65f6\u5c11\uff0c\u8981\u770b\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n
\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u514b\u6797-\u80af\u5c3c\uff08Colin Kenny\uff09\uff0c\u201c \u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u7528\u6000\u7591\u7684\u8bf4\uff0c\u53bb\u8bc4\u8bba\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\u7684\u6709\u5173\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u6709\u653b\u51fb\u6027\u7684\u6d3b\u52a8\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e0d\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u5df2\u7ecf\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u201d\u4f73\u5fb7\u5148\u751f\u5219\u8868\u793a\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f15\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u5355\u7684\u6700\u4e0a\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\u5904\u7406\u4e2d\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u6d3b\u52a8\u662f\u5426\u5360\u4e86\u4f60\u4eec\u5927\u7ea650%\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f73\u5fb7\u5148\u751f\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u201c\u63a5\u8fd1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n
\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\uff0c\u9488\u5bf9\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u901a\u8baf\u793e\u3001\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u516c\u6c11\u62a5\u3001\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u661f\u62a5\u3001\u73af\u7403\u90ae\u62a5\u7b49\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e3b\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u7eb7\u7eb7\u805a\u7126\u5916\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u73af\u7403\u90ae\u62a5\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u4e3b\u4efb\u4e0d\u613f\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u51fa\u95f4\u8c0d\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u3002\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u56fd\u9632\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u80af\u5c3c\u5148\u751f\u5374\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u516c\u4f17\u62a5\u5bfc\u90fd\u67e5\u8be2\u5230\u4e86\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u2018\u6709\u4fb5\u7565\u6027\u7684\u2019\u7684\u95f4\u8c0d\u8ba1\u5212\u662f\u7531\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u51fa\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u9002\u7684\u3002\u201d\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u661f\u62a5\u5219\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c\u201c\u4e24\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5728\u6fb3\u6d32\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b98\u5458\u79f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6d3e\u9a7b\u4e86\u6570\u5343\u540d\u95f4\u8c0d\u548c\u7ebf\u4eba\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u548c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\uff1b\u5728\u54c8\u73c0\u603b\u7406\u8fd8\u662f\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u66fe\u65ad\u8a00\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u53ef\u8fbe\u4e00\u5343\u540d\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n
\u5728\u53bb\u5e746\u6708\u524d\u4e2d\u5171\u9a7b\u6fb3\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u5b98\u5458\u9648\u7528\u6797\u8bbf\u52a0\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8be5\u95ee\u9898\u6210\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u5168\u52a0\u7684\u70ed\u8bae\u8bdd\u9898\u3002 <\/p>\n
*\u5f20\u6d77\u71d5\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u7b80\u5386\uff1a
\n1963:\u751f\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7684\u5170\u5dde
\n1998:\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\u7cfb\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d
\n1989:\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5171\u56fd\u5bb6\u65b0\u95fb\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u9a7b\u5916\u5973\u8bb0\u8005
\n1989-91:\u65b0\u534e\u793e\u9a7b\u5f00\u7f57\u8bb0\u8005
\n1995-1999: \u79fb\u5c45\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u521b\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3aChinabridge Communications\u7684\u8c18\u8be2\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ba1\u7406\u5b66\u7855\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d
\n1999: \u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u516c\u6c11\u8eab\u4efd
\n2002: \u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u90e8\u95e8\u96c7\u5458\uff0c\u6700\u5f00\u59cb\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5de5\u4e1a\u90e8\u5de5\u4f5c
\n2003\u5e742\u6708: \u88ab\u96c7\u4f63\u4e3a\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\uff08Privy Council Office\uff09\u7684\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5206\u6790\u5458
\n2003\u5e748\u6708\uff1a\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u8fdb\u884c\u5b89\u5168\u8c03\u67e5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u89e3\u96c7\u3002
\n2003\u5e7411\u6708\uff1a\u5728\u88c1\u51b3\u7ec4\u542c\u5b8c\u5f20\u7684\u7533\u8bc9\u540e\uff0c\u5979\u518d\u6b21\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d89\u53ca\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002
\n2005: \u5728\u79d8\u5bc6\u542c\u8bc1\u540e\uff0c\u60c5\u62a5\u5ba1\u67e5\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff08Security Intelligence Review Committee\uff09\u652f\u6301\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b89\u5168\u60c5\u62a5\u5c40\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u5c06\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u4ece\u67a2\u5bc6\u9662\u8f9e\u9000\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002
\n2006: \u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7ed9\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\u5b89\u6392\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u5bb3\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6700\u540e\u88ab\u544a\u77e5\u56de\u5bb6\u7b49\u5019\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u8c03\u67e5\u3002
\n2008: \u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u670d\u52a1\u90e8\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u5973\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u79f0\u8c03\u67e5\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\u3002 <\/p>\n
(\u8d23\u4efb\u7f16\u8f91\uff1a\u4e8e\u98de)\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000\u3000
\nhttp:\/\/www.aboluowang.com\/news\/data\/2008\/0424\/article_47029.html<\/p>\n
Loyal civil servant or threat to national security?<\/strong><\/p>\n Recently declassified documents reveal how several Ottawa agencies worked to rid the bureaucracy of one of its rising stars <\/p>\n Haiyan Zhang was a rising star in the federal bureaucracy, until a security guard escorted her from her Ottawa office. She was ordered to leave everything behind. <\/p>\n Six months into her job as an analyst for the Privy Council Office, a sensitive department that’s like Ottawa’s nerve centre, a series of red flags had gone up. Now, nearly five years later, documents obtained by The Globe and Mail reveal the specifics of why the Chinese-born Ms. Zhang was declared a threat to national security – and summarily fired. <\/p>\n The declassified documents, once marked “top secret” but now filed in Federal Court, yield a rare insight into how, in an era of escalating concern about Beijing’s spies, several Ottawa agencies worked to rid the bureaucracy of one perceived threat, Ms. Zhang. Even so, she remains on the government’s payroll, having successfully grieved her 2003 ouster. But she has not yet persuaded the government to let her show up to a less sensitive job on a continuing basis; she is being paid to stay home most days, pending the outcome of a new security-clearance investigation, expected shortly.<\/p>\n Confident, attractive and trilingual, Ms. Zhang, now 45, had raised eyebrows with her attendance at some Chinese embassy functions in Ottawa and her friendship with a Chinese diplomat. She had also attended gatherings sponsored by her former employer, Xinhua, the state-controlled Chinese news service. The fact that she had visited China eight times in eight years after getting her Canadian citizenship was deemed noteworthy as well.<\/p>\n Security-intelligence agents also fixated on a financial transaction – what they allege was a strange $700 gift Ms. Zhang received years earlier from U.S. officials in Egypt who included the money along with a picture frame and mailed it to her. <\/p>\n Foreign correspondent<\/p>\n “I pose no past, current or future threat to Canada,” Ms. Zhang wrote in court-filed documents, which lay out her life story and legal defence.<\/p>\n Never charged with any crime, she launched a wrongful-dismissal case that landed in Federal Court. Her lawyer has said she will make no public comments until the case is completely resolved.<\/p>\n Born in China in 1963, Ms. Zhang says she loved learning English as a student, especially after Canadian \u00e9migr\u00e9s introduced her to Shakespeare. Top marks in school, she says, led Xinhua to hire her as one of the agency’s first female foreign correspondents.<\/p>\n Western counterintelligence agencies often liken Xinhua to an intelligence agency, but Ms. Zhang says she was merely a journalist. Most days were filled with drudgery, she says, rewriting foreign news reports for consumption in China. <\/p>\n During the early 1990s, while still in her 20s, she was posted to Cairo. She found life in the Xinhua compound there difficult. It reminded her of a “miniature repressive Chinese society,” she says in documents filed in her defence. She stresses: “I was NOT a Communist party member.”<\/p>\n While in Cairo, she says she befriended a man named Bob who worked at the U.S. embassy. She asked for his help getting into U.S. universities. In turn, he requested she give him a writing sample. <\/p>\n Ms. Zhang says she came up with “a handwritten piece describing a routine, political study session at the Xinhua bureau” – including how her bosses were asking for more stories from the Middle East as they rejected pieces on the collapse of Communism in Europe.<\/p>\n Bob and his wife apparently appreciated Ms. Zhang’s friendship. “After I returned to China, to my surprise, I found US $700.00 in the package containing the picture frame they had given me as a going-away gift,” she writes.<\/p>\n Before she left the Egyptian compound, she says, her bosses had kept close tabs on her, fearing she might be drawn to Western ideals or, worse, Western men. <\/p>\n During a rare out-of-country assignment to Kuwait, however, Ms. Zhang met a Canadian at a hotel bar frequented by foreign correspondents. <\/p>\n In 1995, they married and moved to Ottawa. After arriving, Ms. Zhang started Chinabridge Communications, a consultancy whose clients included corporations and federal agencies. <\/p>\n The idea was to help them make inroads into China. Given the job, Ms. Zhang says, it only made sense to attend some embassy functions – and some parties held by Xinhua. Her attendance was sporadic, she says.<\/p>\n In 2002, Industry Canada – a former client – hired Ms. Zhang, now a citizen. “I was precisely the kind of talent the Government of Canada needed,” she writes in her filings, “especially as a member of the visible minority community.” <\/p>\n The PCO soon poached her. Filings show that one official who enticed her to join promised she would learn more in two years at the PCO than in an entire career anywhere else in the government.<\/p>\n Officials recall the analyst being a forceful presence in government meetings. But in August, 2003, the PCO took the extremely rare step of firing Ms. Zhang. <\/p>\n Credibility problems<\/p>\n Ms. Zhang writes she had just gotten back from a trip to China, her eighth taken between 1995 and 2003. This time, she says, she had gone over to attend her brother’s funeral and also donated 200 schoolbags to poor children.<\/p>\n Regardless, a security guard told her to leave her desk and leave behind everything on it. Five years later, Ms. Zhang is still fighting that decision. “I have never, nor will I ever, divulge any information … about Canada to anyone that could compromise the interest of the country,” she says in court documents. <\/p>\n The PCO acted on the advice of Canadian intelligence, which spent six months studying Ms. Zhang’s background – a standard check to see whether a civil servant merits “secret” clearance. The Security Intelligence Review Committee, a watchdog body, ended up backing the intelligence investigation completely. <\/p>\n After seven days of secret hearings in 2005, the SIRC chairwoman of the time, Paule Gauthier, upheld all the concerns. “As a former employee of Xinhua, the complainant may have engaged in intelligence activities on behalf of a foreign state,” reads the once-secret report. <\/p>\n It mentions certain social contacts Ms. Zhang made with Xinhua and with a specific Chinese embassy official – a Mr. Shi, described as the “principal trade representative” – before concluding that she “appears to maintain regular contact with foreign representatives who may be involved in intelligence collection activities.” <\/p>\n The SIRC report then goes on to highlight credibility problems. The story of the $700 gift from “Bob” at the U.S. embassy in Cairo was “highly unusual and unbelievable,” according to SIRC, which found it odd that Ms. Zhang couldn’t remember her friend’s last name. <\/p>\n SIRC says the gift raised questions of trustworthiness, as it “gave rise to the appearance the complainant was compensated surreptitiously for the information” by the U.S. government. <\/p>\n “Why would she choose a subject that had been discussed at an internal study session by Xinhua?” asks the SIRC report. “The Chinese government did not want the subject matter of the handwritten piece to be published.” <\/p>\n A CD-ROM Ms. Zhang wanted to take from her Ottawa desk contained information that belonged to the Canadian government, according to SIRC, but it did not divulge precisely what it was.<\/p>\n ‘SHE WAS SOMEONE WHO WAS NEVER GOING TO DISAPPEAR INTO THE CROWD’<\/p>\n The Canadian government may consider Haiyan Zhang a threat to national security, but a prominent movie producer in Montreal thinks better of her.<\/p>\n “She was the best student I ever had,” said Kevin Tierney in an interview. In a strange wrinkle to the national-security case, the man behind 2006’s record-setting Canadian film, Bon Cop, Bad Cop,said he taught Ms. Zhang advanced English in China while working abroad in the early 1980s.<\/p>\n Mr. Tierney distinctly recalled meeting Ms. Zhang. He and his wife were teaching English in Lanzhou, 36 hours from Beijing by train. At the time, China wasn’t anywhere as open to the West as it is today. <\/p>\n But the drive of one teenager, Ms. Zhang, always stood out. “I thought of her as by far the most ambitious,” Mr. Tierney said. <\/p>\n He recalled teaching Shakespeare’s Macbeth to the class. Subversively, he drew parallels between Mao Zedong and his wife and the bloody ambition of the tragedy’s namesake couple. In his narrative, premier Zhou Enlai assumed the role of Banquo, the friend betrayed by the couple. <\/p>\n The theme was pretty radical for the time, especially for young Chinese students cowed by the Cultural Revolution and its fallout. Yet Ms. Zhang was receptive to the literature and the debates it prompted. <\/p>\n “For a young woman, she had loads of confidence, when you weren’t supposed to stand out,” Mr. Tierney said. “She was someone who was never going to disappear into the crowd.”<\/p>\n Mr. Tierney returned to Canada and produced movies. His English student became a foreign correspondent. Eventually, she married a Canadian and moved to Ottawa. <\/p>\n Once established, she looked up her old English teachers. To Mr. Tierney, it was gratifying to see his former student living out her dreams. But in 2003, federal officials fired Ms. Zhang after branding her a possible espionage threat. <\/p>\n “I went from complete shock – and then it became sort of outrageous,” said Mr. Tierney, who still occasionally dines at the Zhang house in Ottawa. He noted his friend still doesn’t know the full case against her. <\/p>\n “At the very least, to be held in abeyance this long seems to me to be cruel and unusual punishment,” Mr. Tierney said. He said that, when it comes to Ms. Zhang, he is now less inclined to think of Shakespeare than of another writer. <\/p>\n “It’s Kafkaesque,” he said. <\/p>\n Colin Freeze<\/p>\n Zhang at a glance<\/p>\n Haiyan Zhang’s career has including working as a foreign correspondent in Egypt, an analyst’s role inside a sensitive Canadian government department and, most recently, a five-year legal battle to go back to work for Ottawa after she was branded a security threat. <\/p>\n 1963: Born in Lanzhou, China<\/p>\n 1998: Earns a master’s degree at the China School of Journalism <\/p>\n 1989: Becomes the first female foreign correspondent for Xinhua, China’s state-run news agency <\/p>\n 1989-91: Reports for the Xinhua bureau in Cairo <\/p>\n 1995-1999: Emigrates to Canada, starts Chinabridge Communications, a consultancy. Earns a master’s of business administration from the University of Ottawa <\/p>\n 1999: Receives Canadian citizenship<\/p>\n 2002: Joins the Canadian civil service, starting at Industry Canada <\/p>\n February, 2003: Hired by the Privy Council Office as a senior analyst<\/p>\n August, 2003: Escorted from her office and fired, following a security-screening investigation by the Canadian Security Intelligence Service<\/p>\n November, 2003: An adjudicator hears her grievance and gives Ms. Zhang another job, with a lesser security clearance <\/p>\n 2005: After secret hearings, the Security Intelligence Review Committee upholds the CSIS investigation to fire Ms. Zhang from the PCO<\/p>\n 2006: The federal government assigns Ms. Zhang to a less sensitive job. She works for only a few days at Service Canada before she is told to go home and await the outcome of a new security investigation <\/p>\n 2008: A Service Canada spokeswoman says the investigation is continuing <\/p>\n Colin Freeze<\/p>\n CSIS and Chinese agents<\/p>\n The Canadian government’s five-year legal battle with an employee deemed to be an espionage threat is taking place at a time when counterintelligence agents complain that the Chinese agents are keeping them very busy. Jim Judd, director of the Canadian Security Intelligence Service, had the following exchange with the Senate Committee on National Security and Defence one year ago. <\/p>\n Senator Rod Zimmer: Do other countries send individuals into our country? I presume they do…<\/p>\n Mr. Judd: Yes, they do come here. … It is sometimes surprising the number of hyperactive tourists we get here and where they come from. I do not want to be politically incorrect, so I will not name specific countries, but at any given time there are maybe 15 countries that would be of interest to us in that regard. It ebbs and flows, depending on issues.<\/p>\n Senator Zimmer: Is it equal, or is there a fair number of individuals who come from certain countries?<\/p>\n Mr. Judd: There does tend to be a concentration of sorts, yes.<\/p>\n The Chairman <\/p>\n (Senator Colin Kenny): Surely it is not politically incorrect to comment on the public reports we have seen about the Chinese and what is reputed to be an aggressive program that they have in this country. The government has commented on this publicly.<\/p>\n Mr. Judd: They would be one of the 15 countries.<\/p>\n The Chairman: Are they at the top of the list?<\/p>\n Mr. Judd: Pretty much.<\/p>\n The Chairman: Do they take up 50 per cent of your time?<\/p>\n Mr. Judd: Close to it.<\/p>\n (Colin Freeze) <\/p>\n http:\/\/www.aboluowang.com\/news\/data\/2008\/0424\/article_47029.html<\/p>\n \u73af\u7403\u90ae\u62a5:<\/p>\n http:\/\/www.theglobeandmail.com\/servlet\/story\/RTGAM.20080421.wzhang21\/BNStory\/National\/?&pageRequested=all&print=true _(\u535a\u8baf\u8bb0\u8005\uff1a\u6674\u7eed) (\u535a\u8baf boxun.com) <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u6839\u636e4\u670821\u65e5\u73af\u7403\u90ae\u62a5\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u6700\u8fd1\u4e00\u6279\u201c\u7edd\u5bc6\u201d\u6863\u6848\u7684\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u5f20\u6d77\u71d5\uff08Haiyan Zhang\uff0c\u97f3\u8bd1\uff09\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u518d\u6b21\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u4eec\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u95f4\u8c0d\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u672a\u80fd\u5f7b\u5e95\u4fe1\u4efb\u5f20\u5973\u58eb\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8ba9\u5979\u53c2\u4e0e\u673a\u5bc6\u7ea7\u522b\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u5979\u4e00\u76f4\u5f85\u5728\u5bb6\u91cc\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u7740\u5b89\u5168\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u5979\u4e5f\u5728\u4e0e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u56e0\u6b64\u4e8b\u800c\u6253…
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