{"id":57595,"date":"2020-03-26T22:38:04","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T03:38:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=57595"},"modified":"2020-03-26T23:45:14","modified_gmt":"2020-03-27T04:45:14","slug":"20200326%e5%8a%a0%e6%8b%bf%e5%a4%a7%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2-069-%e5%8e%9f%e4%bd%8f%e6%b0%91%e5%92%8c%e5%9c%9f%e5%9c%b0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=57595","title":{"rendered":"20200326\/\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5386\u53f2 069 \u2013 \u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u548c\u571f\u5730"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e0a\u6587\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u54b1\u4eec\u8bf4\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u52a0\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u628a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u540c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u7b7e\u8ba2\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u5c3c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3e\u63aa\u662f\u7a0e\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7a0e (Goods and Services Tax) \u7b80\u79f0GST\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u7a0e\u7387\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a7%\uff0c\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8013.5%\u7684\u5382\u5546\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e(Manufacturers\u2019 Sales Tax\u7b80\u79f0MST)\u3002\u8bf4\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7a0e\u548c\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u5382\u5546\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\uff0c\u90fd\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u54b1\u4eec\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u589e\u503c\u7a0e\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u5382\u5546\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e\u7684\u5f81\u6536\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u8ddf\u4e2d\u56fd\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u589e\u503c\u7a0e\u5f81\u6536\u65b9\u5f0f\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u7531\u751f\u4ea7\u9500\u552e\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u6765\u7f34\u7eb3\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u53ea\u662f\u628a\u7a0e\u52a1\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u4ece\u751f\u4ea7\u4f01\u4e1a\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u7f8a\u6bdb\u8fd8\u662f\u51fa\u5728\u7f8a\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4ee5\u5f80\u7f8a\u4eec\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6216\u8005\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0b\u5b50\u7f8a\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u7acb\u523b\u5982\u540c\u6345\u4e86\u9a6c\u8702\u7a9d\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u6c11\u610f\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9ad8\u8fbe80%\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u9879\u7a0e\u6536\u3002\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u5c3c\u8d76\u7d27\u6f84\u6e05\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u589e\u7a0e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7a0e\u6539\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u89c1\u5230\u6709\u673a\u53ef\u4e58\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u8981\u652f\u6301\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u6301\u7684\u53c2\u8bae\u9662\u91cc\u963b\u51fb\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

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1991\u5e741\u67081\u65e5\u65b0\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7a0e\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u57f9\u517b\u4e86\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u610f\u8bc6\uff1f\u597d\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6728\u6709\u5b54\u5e86\u4e1c\u53eb\u517d\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u54b1\u4eec\u524d\u9762\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684\u9898\u76ee\u53eb\u505a\u300a\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\u300b\uff0c\u8bf4\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5317\u7f8e\u5927\u9646\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u773c\u91cc\uff0c\u662f\u6a2a\u4e98\u5728\u901a\u5f80\u5bcc\u88d5\u7684\u4e1c\u65b9\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u969c\u788d\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed5\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u82e6\u82e6\u5bfb\u627e\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\u6570\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u727a\u7272\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u6761\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u76f4\u52301903\u5e74\u52301906\u5e74\u624d\u83b7\u5f97\u6210\u529f\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5168\u7a0b\u6c34\u8def\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6761\u822a\u8def\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u632a\u5a01\u63a2\u9669\u5bb6\u7f57\u5c14\u5fb7\u00b7\u963f\u8499\u68ee(Roald Amundsen)\u5e26\u9886\u7ea6\u963f\u53f7(Gjoa)\u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nSt._Roch_schooner_wintering_in_the_Beaufort_Sea<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8258\u901a\u8fc7\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\u7684\u8239\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7687\u5bb6\u9a91\u8b66\u4ea8\u5229\u00b7\u62c9\u5c14\u68ee(Henry Larsen) \u8b66\u5b98\u7387\u9886\u5723\u7f57\u5947\u53f7(St. Roch)\uff0c1940\u5e74\u4ece\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u5c9b\u51fa\u53d1\u9a76\u5165\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\uff0c1942\u5e74\u62b5\u8fbe\u54c8\u5229\u6cd5\u514b\u65af\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u8258\u7531\u897f\u5230\u4e1c\u822a\u884c\u901a\u8fc7\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\u7684\u8239\u53ea\u30021944\u5e74\u62c9\u5c14\u68ee\u8fd4\u822a\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u6765\u5f80\u4e8e\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u62c9\u5c14\u68ee\u548c\u5723\u7f57\u5947\u53f7\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u5fc3\u8840\u6765\u6f6e\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u662f\u5728\u5ba3\u793a\u4e3b\u6743\u2014\u2014\u5317\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u513f\u90fd\u662f\u4ffa\u4eec\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e07\u6076\u7684\u7f8e\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4f9d\u7136\u575a\u6301\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u56fd\u9645\u6c34\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4efb\u4f55\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u592a\u4e07\u6076\u4e86\uff01<\/p>\n

\u6084\u6084\u5730\u8bf4\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u542c\u5230\u201c\u62c9\u5c14\u68ee\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7ebf\u7d22\u6ca1\u6709\uff1f\u5bf9\uff0c\u632a\u5a01\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nUSCGC_Polar_Sea_(WAGB_11)_\u8c03\u6574\u5927\u5c0f<\/p>\n

1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d3e\u6781\u5730\u6d77\u53f7(Polar Sea) \u7834\u51b0\u8239\uff0c\u4e8b\u5148\u672a\u7ecf\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8bb8\u53ef\u5c31\u822a\u884c\u901a\u8fc7\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e8b\u5148\u901a\u62a5\u4e86\u8be6\u7ec6\u822a\u7ebf\uff0c\u5e76\u9080\u8bf7\u4e09\u4f4d\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5b98\u65b9\u89c2\u5bdf\u5458\u968f\u8239\u540c\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5bf9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e3b\u6743\u7684\u5192\u72af\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7406\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u5c3c\u8bf4\uff0c\u897f\u5317\u822a\u9053\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u662f\u94c1\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6bcb\u5eb8\u7f6e\u7591\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8ba1\u5212\u6295\u8d445\u4ebf\u52a0\u5143\uff0c\u5efa\u9020\u5f53\u65f6\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u597d\u7684\u7834\u51b0\u8239\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u6295\u5de8\u8d44\u5efa\u9020\u6838\u52a8\u529b\u6f5c\u8247\u961f\uff0c\u6765\u5de1\u822a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5317\u6781\u6d77\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u662f\u548c\u5e73\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u82b1\u5de8\u8d44\u5efa\u6f5c\u8247\u4e0d\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u53e6\u6709\u5999\u62db\u30021988\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6781\u5317\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u5c9b(Ellesmere Island)\u4e0a\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56edQuttinirpaaq National Park\u5efa\u7acb\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u516c\u56ed\u6240\u5728\u5730\u70b9\u7684\u56fe\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed<\/p>\n

\u516c\u56ed\u91cc\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9e9d\u725b\u3001\u9a6f\u9e7f\uff0c\u72d0\u72f8\u8fd8\u6709\u5317\u6781\u5154\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u70b9\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u4fdd\u62a4\u6216\u8005\u5e72\u6270\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4f9d\u7136\u751f\u6d3b\u5f97\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u5efa\uff0c\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u5317\u7684\u5730\u70b9\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9886\u571f\u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u56fa\u6709\u9886\u571f\u795e\u5723\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fb5\u72af\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5f88\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5427\uff1f\u6838\u52a8\u529b\u6f5c\u8247\u90a3\u662f\u7f8e\u5e1d\u82cf\u4fee\u7684\u73a9\u610f\uff0c\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5efa\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u2014\u2014\u201c\u95f2\u6742\u4eba\u7b49\u95ea\u5f00\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53c8\u8981\u5efa\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u5566\u2026\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

\u57c3\u5c14\u65af\u7c73\u5c14\u5c9b\u4e0a\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u516c\u56ed\u5efa\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u540c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u5728\u822a\u884c\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\u7684\u6c34\u57df\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6253\u4e2a\u62db\u547c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300a\u5361\u4f2f\u7279\u548c\u5361\u8482\u57c3\u300b\u90a3\u7bc7\u91cc\u54b1\u4eec\u8bf4\u5230\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u5361\u4f2f\u72791497\u5e74\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6765\u5230\u7ebd\u82ac\u5170\u5916\u6d77\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6d77\u91cc\u6ee1\u6ee1\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u9cd5\u9c7c\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u653e\u4e2a\u6876\u4e0b\u5230\u6c34\u91cc\uff0c\u62ce\u4e0a\u6765\u90fd\u80fd\u88c5\u6ee1\u9c7c\uff0c\u9cd5\u9c7c\u8d44\u6e90\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u662f\u201c\u53d6\u4e4b\u4e0d\u5c3d\u7528\u4e4b\u4e0d\u7aed\u201d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5230\u4e861990\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u7ebd\u82ac\u5170\u5916\u6d77\u7684\u9c7c\u90fd\u88ab\u6355\u5149\u4e86\uff0c\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8fdc\u6d0b\u62d6\u7f51\u8239\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6d77\u57df\u7281\u4e86\u4e00\u904d\u53c8\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u9cd5\u9c7c\u8d44\u6e90\u76f4\u7ebf\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u8fd8\u57281977\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c31\u60f3\u63a7\u5236\u6ee5\u6355\uff0c\u628a\u7981\u6e14\u533a\u57df\u6269\u5927\u5230200\u6d77\u91cc\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5077\u6355\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u4f9d\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

1992\u5e74\u7ebd\u82ac\u5170\u4eba\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u514b\u7f57\u65af\u6bd4(John Crosbie)\u51fa\u4efb\u6e14\u4e1a\u90e8\u957f\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5173\u95ed\u5317\u65b9\u7684\u9cd5\u9c7c\u6e14\u573a\uff0c\u7ed9\u4e88\u6e14\u6c1119\u4ebf\u52a0\u5143\u8865\u8d34\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u4e2a\u4e34\u65f6\u63aa\u65bd\u30021998\u5e74\u53c8\u7ed9\u6e14\u6c117\u4ebf\u591a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u653f\u5e9c\u9650\u91cf\u5f00\u653e\u4e86\u6e14\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9c7c\u6ca1\u4e86\uff0c\u9cd5\u9c7c\u8d44\u6e90\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u6ca1\u80fd\u6062\u590d\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

2003\u5e74\u9cd5\u9c7c\u88ab\u5b98\u65b9\u5217\u4e3a\u201c\u6fd2\u5371\u7269\u79cd\u201d\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u56db\u5341\u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u9cd5\u9c7c\u6570\u91cf\u4e0b\u964d\u4e8699%\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5168\u9762\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u5730\u5173\u95ed\u7ebd\u82ac\u5170\u6e14\u573a\uff0c\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e86\u516d\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u9cd5\u9c7c\u4ea7\u4e1a\u4ece\u6b64\u4e0d\u590d\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u95f4\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u53d8\u5316\u662f\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u9ad8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc9\u6c42\u4e2d\u65e2\u6709\u603b\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2a\u522b\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u8bc9\u6c42\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4e24\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u571f\u5730\u5c5e\u4e8e\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u300a1763\u5e74\u7687\u5bb6\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u5c31\u4e88\u4ee5\u627f\u8ba4\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u60f3\u8981\u641e\u5f00\u53d1\u5efa\u8bbe\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u4ece\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u624b\u91cc\u628a\u571f\u5730\u4e70\u8fc7\u6765\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u4fee\u5efa\u6a2a\u8d2f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u94c1\u8def\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8ddf\u7ecf\u8fc7\u4e4b\u5730\u7684\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7b7e\u8ba2\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8d2d\u5730\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u4e00\u65f6\u6761\u7ea6\u591a\u5f97\u8fde\u540d\u5b57\u90fd\u6765\u4e0d\u53ca\u8d77\uff0c\u7528\u6570\u5b57\u6765\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u5206\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u53f7\u7801\u6761\u7ea6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7efc\u5408\u8bc9\u6c42\u9488\u5bf9\u7684\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u6761\u7ea6\u8986\u76d6\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u8d2d\u4e70\u7684\u571f\u5730\u3002\u800c\u7279\u6b8a\u8bc9\u6c42\u6307\u7684\u662f\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u5bf9\u6240\u7b7e\u8ba2\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u653f\u5e9c\u8fdd\u53cd\u6761\u7ea6\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u51e0\u767e\u4e2a\u571f\u5730\u5b98\u53f8\u6162\u6162\u6253\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7efc\u5408\u8bc9\u6c42\u90a3\u79cd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6253\u4e0a\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u53d1\u4e86\u4e00\u5927\u5e2e\u5f8b\u5e08\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u524d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f00\u901a\u5723\u52b3\u4f26\u65af\u6d77\u8def\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u83ab\u970d\u514b\u4eba\u7684\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u600e\u4e48\u63d0\u53ca\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u65f6\u4ee3\u53ef\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u4e86\u30021975\u5e74\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u60f3\u5728\u9b41\u7701\u5317\u90e8\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u6e7e(James Bay)\u4fee\u6c34\u5229\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u8ddf\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u56e0\u7ebd\u7279\u4eba\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u8c08\u6761\u4ef6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c08\u5224\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u300a\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u6e7e\u548c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5317\u90e8\u534f\u8bae\u300b(James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement)\uff0c\u662f1870\u5e74\u4ee3\u548c1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u53f7\u7801\u6761\u7ea6\u540e\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u571f\u5730\u534f\u8bae\u3002\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u56e0\u7ebd\u7279\u4eba\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u653e\u5f03\u4e00\u767e\u4e07\u5e73\u65b9\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u9886\u5730\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u5757\u571f\u5730\u5927\u7ea6\u8ddf\u82f1\u5c5e\u54e5\u4f26\u6bd4\u4e9a\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u8865\u507f\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\uff0c\u56e0\u7ebd\u7279\u4eba\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u793e\u533a\u91cc\u5b9e\u884c\u81ea\u6cbb\uff0c\u72ec\u4eab\u72e9\u730e\u548c\u6355\u9c7c\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u653f\u5e9c25\u5e74\u5185\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec2.25\u4ebf\u52a0\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u8fd8\u7b97\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u662f\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u9519\uff1f\u4f60\u7684\u5c41\u80a1\u5750\u5230\u54ea\u4e00\u65b9\u4e86\uff1f\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u89c9\u5f972\u4ebf\u591a\u591f\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4f60\u8981\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u6c34\u7535\u516c\u53f8\u6253\u7b97\u6269\u5927\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u56e0\u7ebd\u7279\u4eba\u548c\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u5c31\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u597d\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e86\u30021994\u5e74\u8c08\u5224\u7834\u88c2\uff0c70\u4ebf\u52a0\u5143\u7684\u5927\u9879\u76ee\u6ce1\u6c64\uff0c\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u906d\u53d7\u632b\u6298\uff0c\u8fd9\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u663e\u793a\u4e86\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u957f\uff0c\u548c\u4ed6\u4eec\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u7684\u89c9\u9192\u201d\u3002\u5e26\u5934\u8ddf\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\u6597\u7684\u662f\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u5e93\u6069(Matthew Coon)\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u9a6c\u4fee\u00b7\u5e93\u6069\u88ab\u9009\u4e3a\u571f\u8457\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u5408\u4f1a(Assembly of First Nation)\u7684\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5e93\u6069\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u81ed\u540d\u662d\u8457\u7684\u571f\u8457\u513f\u7ae5\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b66\u6821\u91cc\u6559\u80b2\u51fa\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u4ed6\u5728\u7279\u4f26\u7279\u5927\u5b66\uff08Trent University\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u9ea6\u5409\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\uff08McGill University\uff09\u5b66\u4e60\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u4e24\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u7279\u4f26\u7279\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8363\u8a89\u6cd5\u5b66\u535a\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5177\u6709\u514b\u91cc\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u8fd9\u4f4d\u653f\u6cbb\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u9762\u76f8\u5374\u4e0d\u90a3\u4e48\u514b\u91cc\uff0c\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u8349\u6839\u957f\u5f97\u597d\u50cf\u6bd4\u4ed6\u66f4\u514b\u91cc\uff0c\u4e0d\u4fe1\u53bb\u770b\u300a\u571f\u8457\u6751\u5e84\u5947\u8428\u897f\u6bd4\u300b\uff0c\u90a3\u91cc\u5c31\u662f\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u6e7e\u6c34\u7535\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u5740\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\u8d44\u672c\u4e3b\u4e49\u5efa\u8bbe\u8fd8\u8981\u8fdb\u884c\u554a\uff0c\u6ca1\u529e\u6cd5\uff0c2002\u5e74\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7535\u529b\u516c\u53f8\u670d\u8f6f\u4e86\uff0c\u628a\u7ed9\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u7684\u8865\u507f\u589e\u52a0\u523035\u4ebf\u52a0\u5143\uff0c50\u5e74\u5185\u4ed8\u6e05\u3002\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8fd935\u4ebf\u52a0\u5143\u53ea\u7531\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u90a3\u91cc\u7684\u51e0\u5343\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u5206\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8ddf\u6240\u6709\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u5e73\u5206\uff1f\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u7528\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6362\u5c0f\u73e0\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u4e00\u53bb\u4e0d\u590d\u8fd4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57fa\u601d\u00b7\u5f6d\u7eb3(Keith Penner)\u62c5\u4efb\u5370\u5ea6\u4e8b\u52a1\u548c\u5317\u90e8\u53d1\u5c55\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a(Standing Committee on Indian Affairs and Northern Development)\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a1983\u5e74\u53d1\u5e03\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u5173\u4e8e\u571f\u8457\u81ea\u6cbb\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u62a5\u544a\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u79f0\u4f5c\u300a\u5f6d\u7eb3\u62a5\u544a\u300b(Penner Report)\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u62a5\u544a\u91cc\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u7528\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u201c(First Nation)\u6b63\u5f0f\u4ee3\u66ff\u201c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6765\u8868\u8ff0\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u3002\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u6362\u4e86\u4e2a\u79f0\u547c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u610f\u4e49\u6709\u4e86\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62a5\u544a\u5efa\u8bae\u627f\u8ba4\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5883\u5185\u5177\u6709\u72ec\u7279\u7684\u3001\u53d7\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u7ec4\u5efa\u5404\u79cd\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u6743\u529b\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u5efa\u8bae\u628a\u6240\u6709\u6d89\u53ca\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u4ece\u7701\u7ea7\u653f\u5e9c\u5265\u79bb\u5f00\u6765\uff0c\u4ea4\u7531\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8d22\u653f\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5b89\u6392\u5728\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5baa\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u662f\u8ba4\u53ef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u201c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u8bf4\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7fa4\u4f53\u62e5\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6216\u8005\u8bed\u8a00\u80cc\u666f\u201d\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4f9d\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u963f\u5361\u8fea\u4e9a\u4eba\u548c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5883\u5185\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u4e86\uff1f\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u201c\u571f\u8457\u793e\u4f1a\u201d\uff1f\u522b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u54ea\u513f\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u7fa4\u4f53\u554a\uff1f<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1987\u5e74\uff0c\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u5317\u9762\u7684\u9521\u8c22\u5c14\u7279\u6e7e\u90e8\u843d(Sechelt Inlet Band)\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6253\u7834\u300a\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6c11\u65cf\u56e2\u4f53\u3002\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5341\u5e74\u6297\u4e89\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5730\u4e0a\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u81ea\u6cbb\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u62e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u9886\u5730\u5185\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u3001\u571f\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u3001\u8d22\u4ea7\u7a0e\u6536\u3001\u5065\u5eb7\u548c\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u610f\u8bc6\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u89c9\u9192\u30021899\u5e74\u7684\u300a\u7b2c\u516b\u53f7\u6761\u7ea6\u300b(Treaty 8)\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u4ece\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u624b\u91cc\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u5317\u90e8\u5927\u7247\u571f\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5362\u6bd4\u80af(Lubicon)\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6761\u7ea6\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u7b7e\u5b57\u4e00\u76f4\u4e5f\u76f8\u5b89\u65e0\u4e8b\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\u6765\u90a3\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u77f3\u6cb9\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0b\u5b50\u5362\u6bd4\u80af\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u51fa\u6765\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e86\uff1a\u6ca1\u7b7e\u5b57\u554a\uff0c\u571f\u5730\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5356\u7ed9\u4f60\u4eec\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u6765\u8c08\u8c08\u6761\u4ef6\u5427\uff01\u4ffa\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u5728\u8fd9\u7247\u7956\u5148\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fc7\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u72e9\u730e\u548c\u91c7\u96c6\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u9664\u975e\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

\u5927\u8d66\u56fd\u9645\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0a\u91cd\u5362\u6bd4\u80af\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u7684\u571f\u5730\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5362\u6bd4\u80af\u514b\u91cc\u4eba\u628a\u5b98\u53f8\u6253\u5230\u4e86\u8054\u5408\u56fd\uff0c1990\u5e74\u8054\u5408\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u300a\u5362\u6bd4\u80af\u6e56\u56e2\u4f53\u8bc9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u300b(Lubicon Lake Band v Canada)\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u91cc\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u6743\u5229\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u516c\u7ea6\u300b(International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights\u7b80\u79f0ICCPR)\u7684 \u7b2c27\u6761\uff0c\u547c\u5401\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7acb\u5373\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f25\u8865\u7684\u635f\u5931\uff0c2003\u5e74\u548c2006\u5e74\u53c8\u547c\u5401\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

2018\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u6869\u6848\u5b50\u4ee5\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u963f\u5c14\u4f2f\u7279\u7701\u653f\u5e9c\u4ed8\u7ed9\u5362\u6bd4\u80af\u514b\u91cc\u4eba1.21\u4ebf\u52a0\u5143\u8fbe\u6210\u548c\u89e3\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u94b1\u5305\u62ec\u7ed9\u90a3650\u4eba\u6539\u5584\u4f4f\u623f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u5f88\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u529e\u8d77\u4e86\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u800c\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u5c3c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u5927\u4efb\u52a1\u5462\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u300a\u7c73\u5947\u6e56\u534f\u8bae\u300b\u91cc\uff0c\u54b1\u4eec\u6765\u8bb2\u8bb2\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u5c3c\u5982\u4f55\u201c\u628a\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4e5f\u5e26\u8fdb1982\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u8349\u6839
\nyongyuandecaogen.com<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e0a\u6587\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u300b\u91cc\u9762\u54b1\u4eec\u8bf4\u5230\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u52a0\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u5b9a\u300b\uff0c\u628a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u540c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u534f\u8bae\u7b7e\u8ba2\u540e\uff0c\u9a6c\u5c14\u7f57\u5c3c\u7684\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3e\u63aa\u662f\u7a0e\u5236\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u548c\u670d\u52a1\u7a0e (Goods and Services Tax) \u7b80\u79f0GST\uff0c\u521d\u6b65\u7a0e\u7387\u8bbe\u5b9a\u4e3a7%\uff0c\u6765\u53d6\u4ee3\u4ee5\u5f8013.5%\u7684\u5382\u5546\u8425\u4e1a\u7a0e(Manufact…
Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57700,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[333],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57595"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57595"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57595\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57705,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57595\/revisions\/57705"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/57700"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57595"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57595"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57595"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}