{"id":57591,"date":"2020-03-26T22:36:05","date_gmt":"2020-03-27T03:36:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=57591"},"modified":"2020-03-26T23:38:34","modified_gmt":"2020-03-27T04:38:34","slug":"20200326%e5%8a%a0%e6%8b%bf%e5%a4%a7%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2-067-%e5%ae%aa%e6%b3%95%e5%9b%9e%e5%bd%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=57591","title":{"rendered":"20200326\/\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5386\u53f2 067 \u2013 \u5baa\u6cd5\u56de\u5f52"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u56de\u5f52\u201d\u9700\u8981\u52a0\u4e2a\u5f15\u53f7\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5462\uff1f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5168\u6587\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\u53ef\u80fd\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8fd8\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5230\u4e861980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8fd8\u4e0d\u80fd\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u5b8c\u5168\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u662f\u75311867\u5e74\u9ea6\u514b\u5510\u7eb3\u7b49\u4eba\u8d77\u8349\u7684\u300a\u82f1\u5c5e\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u521b\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u300a\u82f1\u5c5e\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u8fd8\u662f\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u8d77\u7740\u5baa\u6cd5\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5927\u6cd5\u3002\u800c\u300a\u82f1\u5c5e\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5bf9\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u7ecf\u8fc7\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba4\u53ef\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u662f\u8d70\u4e2a\u8fc7\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u7406\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u65f6\u4ee3\u9057\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u613f\u610f\u628a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4ea4\u7ed9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e5f\u60f3\u628a\u5b83\u63a5\u7eb3\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u62ff\u56de\u6765\u540e\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u9075\u5faa\u54ea\u4e9b\u7ae0\u7a0b\u5462\uff1f\u4ee5\u5f80\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u5757\u8c08\u5b9a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u300a\u82f1\u5c5e\u5317\u7f8e\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4\u662f\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u624d\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u3002\u62ff\u56de\u6765\u540e\u600e\u4e48\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u5f97\u5148\u6709\u4e2a\u660e\u786e\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e5f\u6709\u8fc7\u51e0\u6b21\u60f3\u628a\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u62ff\u56de\u6765\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u8fc7\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u6ca1\u8c08\u62e2\u800c\u4f5c\u7f62\u30021964\u5e74\uff0c\u76ae\u5c14\u900a\u603b\u7406\u63d0\u4ea4\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u4e8e\u672a\u6765\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u4ee5\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8981\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4eba\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u5bcc\u5c14\u987f-\u6cd5\u592b\u7f57\u65b9\u6848\u201d(the Fulton-Favreau Formula)\u3002\u65b9\u6848\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6bcf\u4e00\u4f4d\u7701\u957f\u7684\u8ba4\u53ef\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u7684\u7701\u957f\u8ba9\u00b7\u62c9\u8428\u70ed\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5728\u65b9\u6848\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u5c31\u6539\u5929\u6362\u65e5\uff0c\u4e39\u5c3c\u5c14\u00b7\u7ea6\u7ff0\u900a\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u8054\u76df\u4e0a\u53f0\uff0c\u524d\u7701\u957f\u7b54\u5e94\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4e0d\u518d\u4f5c\u6570\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5baa\u6cd5\u8fd8\u5f97\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u4e0a\u4efb\u540e\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e89\u53d6\u5baa\u6cd5\u56de\u5f52\uff0c1971\u5e74\u5728\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u540c\u7701\u957f\u4eec\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u4e0a\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u4fee\u6539\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u7684\u5426\u51b3\u6743\u3002\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u957f\u5e03\u62c9\u8428(Bourassa)\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6d88\u606f\u4f20\u51fa\u7acb\u9a6c\u62db\u81f4\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5a92\u4f53\u7684\u4e00\u901a\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e89\u53d6\u7684\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\u3002\u5728\u56de\u53bb\u98de\u673a\u4e0a\u5f97\u5230\u6d88\u606f\u7684\u5e03\u62c9\u8428\uff0c\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5c31\u7f29\u4e86\u56de\u53bb\u3002\u5e03\u62c9\u8428\u8fd9\u4e00\u9000\u7f29\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8fbe\u6210\u7684\u300a\u7ef4\u591a\u5229\u4e9a\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b(Victoria Charter)\u80ce\u6b7b\u8179\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u5c1d\u8bd5\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u4f5c\u53e4\u3002<\/p>\n

1978\u5e74\u548c1979\u5e74\u53c8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u6b21\u5c1d\u8bd5\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6ca1\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u5171\u8bc6\uff0c\u65f6\u95f4\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5230\u4e861980\u5e74\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5e74\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4e3b\u6743\u516c\u6295\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u5728\u516c\u6295\u4e2d\u4e89\u53d6\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eba\u7559\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u7b54\u5e94\u4ed6\u8981\u201d\u4fee\u6539\u5baa\u6cd5\u201d\u3002\u516c\u6295\u7ed3\u679c\u8981\u6c42\u8131\u79bb\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u4e00\u6d3e\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\u627f\u8ba4\u5931\u8d25\u4e4b\u4f59\uff0c\u8bf4\u8be5\u4f60\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u5151\u73b0\u627f\u8bfa\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u9b41\u72ec\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u538b\u529b\u4e0b\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u628a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u90a3\u91cc\u62ff\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u7ed9\u5c06\u6765\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u300a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b(Charter of Rights and Freedoms)\u8865\u8fdb\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8bf4\u8d77\u300a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\uff0c\u65e9\u5148\u8fea\u82ac\u8d1d\u514b\u4efb\u603b\u7406\u76841960\u5e74\uff0c\u63a8\u51fa\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e2a\u300a\u6743\u5229\u6cd5\u6848\u300b(Bill of Rights)\u3002\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u60f3\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u628a\u300a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u53d8\u6210\u5baa\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ece\u6587\u5316\u4e0a\u8ba9\u300a\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u6210\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u793e\u4f1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9053\u5fb7\u51c6\u5219\uff0c\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u8ba9\u300a\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u771f\u6b63\u8d77\u5230\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4fee\u6539\u8981\u5f81\u5f97\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7701\u7684\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u4f17\u53e3\u96be\u8c03\uff0c\u60f3\u8fbe\u6210\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u53ef\u4e0d\u662f\u4ef6\u5bb9\u6613\u7684\u4e8b\u513f\u3002<\/p>\n

1980\u5e749\u6708\u8054\u90a6\u4f1a\u540c\u5404\u7701\u7701\u957f\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f1a\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5f00\u6210\u4e86\u5435\u67b6\u4f1a\u3002\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5e0c\u671b\u628a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5b8c\u5168\u5f52\u5230\u7701\u91cc\uff0c\u65b0\u4e0d\u4f26\u745e\u514b\u60f3\u8ba9\u8bed\u8a00\u6cd5\u6210\u4e3a\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7701\u90fd\u7ed9\u6cd5\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9b\u7701\u4efd\u62c5\u5fc3\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u5021\u8bae\u7684\u300a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\uff0c\u4f1a\u4fb5\u5bb3\u5230\u7701\u91cc\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u5173\u4e8e\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f52\u5c5e\u3001\u6cbf\u6d77\u77f3\u6cb9\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3001\u8fdb\u51fa\u53e3\u8d38\u6613\u7684\u7ba1\u7406\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e89\u6267\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8c08\u5224\u9677\u5165\u50f5\u5c40\uff0c10\u67082\u65e5\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u7ed9\u7701\u957f\u4eec\u4e0b\u4e86\u6700\u540e\u901a\u7252\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u7ee7\u7eed\u5435\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u63fd\u5b50\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ed6\u5c31\u4e0d\u8c08\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u8981\u72ec\u81ea\u628a\u5baa\u6cd5\u8fce\u56de\u5bb6\u3002\u6240\u8c13\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f00\u4f1a\u90fd\u5f00\u4e0d\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u3001\u56e2\u7ed3\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u3001\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u6b64\u8bed\u4e00\u51fa\u4e00\u7247\u54d7\u7136\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u95f9\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c06\u6765\u5baa\u6cd5\u8981\u88ab\u6267\u884c\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0b\u6765\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f2b\u957f\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u80fd\u5546\u91cf\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u7ee7\u7eed\u5546\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6765\u5e741981\u5e74\u76844\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u9664\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\u548c\u65b0\u4e0d\u4f26\u745e\u514b\u7701\u5916\u7684\u516b\u4f4d\u7701\u957f\uff0c\u805a\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u641e\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u62ff\u7ed9\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u4e0d\u5305\u542b\u300a\u6743\u5229\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u4e0d\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd8\u628a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6743\u529b\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u7701\u91cc\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u7559\u7ed9\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u8fd9\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u3002\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u8054\u90a6\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\uff0c\u9aa8\u5b50\u91cc\u8981\u7684\u662f\u201c\u5f3a\u4e2d\u592e\u5f31\u5730\u65b9\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

9\u6708\u4efd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u6709\u6743\u529b\u72ec\u81ea\u5c06\u5baa\u6cd5\u8fce\u56de\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u51b3\u9996\u5148\u60f9\u6012\u4e86\u7acb\u6cd5\u7684\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u91cc\u5435\u4f5c\u4e00\u56e2\uff0c\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u8d70\u4e0b\u5ea7\u4f4d\u4e92\u76f8\u8138\u5bf9\u7740\u8138\u5435\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u8bae\u5458\u8bf4\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u662f\u4e2a\u72ec\u88c1\u8005\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u8bf4\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u662f\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2\u2026\u2026 \u752d\u60f3\u8ba9\u4ffa\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4efb\u4f55\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u6848\uff01<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5224\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u7684\u8170\u6746\u8fd8\u662f\u786c\u4e86\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u7701\u957f\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u5f97\u56de\u6765\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u4e86\u300211\u6708\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u4e00\u8f6e\u8054\u90a6\u548c\u5404\u7701\u7701\u957f\u4eec\u7684\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u662f\u4e89\u5435\u4e0d\u4f11\uff0c\u5435\u5f97\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u5feb\u8981\u5d29\u6e83\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e09\u4f4d\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e09\u4f4d\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u8ba9\u00b7\u514b\u96f7\u8482\u5b89\uff0c\u5b89\u5927\u7565\u7701\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u9ea6\u514b\u9ed8\u7279\u91cc(Roy McMurtry)\u548c\u8428\u65af\u5580\u5f7b\u6e29\u7701\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u7f57\u4f0a\u00b7\u7f57\u66fc\u8bfa(Roy Romanow)\u30024\u65e5\u65e9\u4e0a\u7701\u957f\u4eec\u53c8\u5728\u5c4b\u5b50\u91cc\u5435\u67b6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u51d1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u68b3\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u4e0b\u5404\u65b9\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u62df\u51fa\u6765\u4e00\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u7a3f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u5206\u6210\u5fc5\u987b\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e92\u76f8\u59a5\u534f\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u627e\u5404\u4f4d\u7701\u957f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u78cb\u5546\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u8c08\u5230\u665a\u4e0a\u3002\u4e09\u4e2a\u4eba\u6162\u6162\u5730\u8bf4\u670d\u4e86\u5404\u4f4d\u7701\u957f\uff0c\u7701\u957f\u4eec\u4e5f\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u957f\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\u3002\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\u65e9\u65e9\u7761\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u4eba\u53bb\u558a\u4ed6\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u662f\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7684\u5934\u96be\u5243\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u7684\u8fd9\u4f4d\u7701\u957f\u6b63\u662f\u4e3b\u6301\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u516c\u6295\u7684\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\uff0c\u9b41\u72ec\u5206\u5b50\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u540c\u610f\u628a\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u8ddf\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5236\u9020\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u7ed1\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5e72\u8106\u5c31\u4e0d\u53eb\u4ed6\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5230\u4e86\u51cc\u6668\uff0c\u9664\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\u5916\uff0c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u4e5d\u4f4d\u7701\u957f\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u81f4\u3002\u65e9\u4e0a\u201c\u65e2\u6210\u4e8b\u5b9e\u201d\u6446\u5728\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\u9762\u524d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\u5927\u6012\uff0c\u8bf4\u6ca1\u8ddf\u6211\u5546\u91cf\u6211\u4e0d\u7b7e\u5b57\u3002\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\u8bf4\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7b7e\u5b57\uff0c\u72ec\u7acb\u662f\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u51b5\u4e14\u4f60\u4eec\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed8\u6211\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u8fd9\u5e2e\u201c\u9b41\u5978\u201d\u51fa\u5356\u4e86\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u3002\u603b\u7406\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u3001\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u957f\u514b\u96f7\u8482\u5b89\u3001\u8fd8\u6709\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u5185\u9601\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u9b41\u5317\u514b\uff0c\u60f3\u5fc5\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u53e3\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u9b41\u5978\u201d\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u534f\u8bae\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u768475\u4f4d\u8bae\u5458\u4e2d72\u4eba\u6295\u4e86\u8d5e\u6210\u7968\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bae\u5458\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\u5341\u7684\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u9009\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eba\u515a\u6240\u8bf4\u7684 \u201c1982\u5e74\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eba\u8499\u53d7\u88ab\u51fa\u5356\u4e4b\u803b\u201d\u663e\u7136\u5e76\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u300a\u6743\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u653e\u5230\u5baa\u6cd5\u91cc\uff0c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u8ddf\u5404\u4f4d\u7701\u957f\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u7684\u59a5\u534f\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u52a0\u8fdb\u53bb\u7684\u7b2c33\u6761\u6b3e\u4e5f\u53eb\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6761\u6b3e\u201d(notwithstanding clause)\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7701\u91cc\u89c9\u5f97\u300a\u6743\u529b\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u300b\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4eec\u672c\u7701\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76f8\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u6709\u6743\u4e0d\u6267\u884c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7701\u53ea\u8981\u63f4\u5f15\u8fd9\u4e00\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u201c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u529b\u201d\u5e72\u6389\u3002\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6f0f\u6d1e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u80fd\u7528\u4e25\u82db\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u82f1\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u3002\u540e\u6765\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5224\u51b3\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u8bed\u8a00\u6cd5\u6848\u8fdd\u5baa\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u63f4\u5f15\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u628a\u4e00\u5207\u8f7b\u677e\u5316\u89e3\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5927\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u80fd\u88ab\u7701\u91cc\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5426\u51b3\u6389\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u59a5\u534f\u6015\u662f\u53ea\u6709\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u624d\u6709\u5427\uff1f<\/p>\n

1982\u5e74\u5baa\u6cd5\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5206\u79bb\u4e3b\u4e49\u5206\u5b50\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5b89\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u5973\u6027\u56e2\u4f53\u6e38\u8bf4\u8981\u52a0\u4e0a\u4fdd\u969c\u5973\u6027\u6743\u76ca\u7684\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u571f\u8457\u56e2\u4f53\u542c\u8bf4\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a3f\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u80fd\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e00\u518d\u6297\u8bae\u4e0b\u5baa\u6cd5\u91cc\u9762\u90fd\u7ed9\u4ed6\u4eec\u52a0\u4e86\u4e00\u6761\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u571f\u8457\u4eba\u5bf9\u6761\u6b3e\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\uff0c\u51e0\u4f4d\u571f\u8457\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u8dd1\u5230\u4f26\u6566\u76f4\u63a5\u5411\u82f1\u56fd\u6cd5\u9662\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5f53\u5e74\u7684\u6761\u7ea6\uff0c\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u8ddf\u82f1\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\uff0c\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u6743\u529b\u7684\u6700\u7ec8\u88c1\u51b3\u6743\u4ecd\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u82f1\u56fd\uff01<\/p>\n

\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u56fd\u5185\u8fbe\u6210\u4e86\u5927\u4f53\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u540e\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u83b7\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u6bd5\u7adf\u662f\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u561b\uff01\u5e94\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u6848\u300b(Canada Act)\uff0c\u5c06\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u4fee\u6539\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c1982\u5e743\u670829\u65e5\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e8c\u4e16\u5973\u738b\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u6848\u8868\u793a\u8d5e\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

1982\u5e744\u670817\u65e5\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9996\u90fd\u6e25\u592a\u534e\uff0c\u4f0a\u4e3d\u838e\u767d\u4e8c\u4e16\u5973\u738b\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u300a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\uff0c\u81ea\u6b64\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u62e5\u6709\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u65b0\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u90a3\u4e00\u523b\u8d77\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u72ec\u7acb\u81ea\u4e3b\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u518d\u83b7\u5f97\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6279\u51c6\u3002\u51e0\u5343\u4e2a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u51fa\u5e2d\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5ba4\u5916\u4eea\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u5bd2\u98ce\u4e2d\u89c1\u8bc1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5386\u53f2\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u5929\u7a7a\u5f00\u59cb\u53d8\u6697\uff0c\u5973\u738b\u7b7e\u4e0b\u540d\u5b57\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u96e8\u70b9\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u843d\uff0c\u9884\u793a\u7740\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e4b\u8def\u5e76\u4e0d\u5e73\u5766\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\nproclamation-of-patriation-1982<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9b41\u5317\u514b\uff0c\u52d2\u7ef4\u514b\u7701\u957f\u547d\u4ee4\u5c06\u7701\u65d7\u4e0b\u534a\u65d7\u3002\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u6ca1\u6709\u7b7e\u5b57\uff0c\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u52a0\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u610f\u5473\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5baa\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u6db5\u76d6\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u3002<\/p>\n

1982\u5e74\u628a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5baa\u6cd5\u4ece\u82f1\u56fd\u62ff\u56de\u6765\uff0c\u662f\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u653f\u6cbb\u751f\u6daf\u6700\u9ad8\u5149\u7684\u65f6\u523b\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u5e94\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u6fc0\u6d41\u52c7\u9000\uff0c\u8ba9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5f62\u8c61\u66f4\u5149\u8f89\u4e9b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8c01\u820d\u5f97\u8f7b\u6613\u79bb\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u5b50\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

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\u201c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u70ed\u201d\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u5e74\u540e\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u5728\u4e00\u6b21\u63a5\u53d7\u5a92\u4f53\u91c7\u8bbf\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u201c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u70ed\u201d\u4e5f\u611f\u5230\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u671f\u671b\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u70ed\u80fd\u6301\u4e45\u3002\u4ed6\u5766\u627f\u81ea\u5df1\u786e\u5b9e\u6cbe\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u70ed\u7684\u5149\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u8ba4\u53ef\u4ed6\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u3002\u4ed6\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u8ba9\u6784\u6210\u201c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u70ed\u201d\u7684\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7fa4\u4f53\u5e74\u8f7b\u5973\u5b69\u79bb\u4ed6\u800c\u53bb\u30021984\u5e74\u4ed6\u53c8\u79bb\u5a5a\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u5f62\u8c61\u5f7b\u5e95\u5d29\u584c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u5728\u56fd\u5185\u7684\u58f0\u671b\u4e0b\u964d\u5f97\u5f88\u5389\u5bb3\uff0c\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u4e0a\u9664\u4e86\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u58f0\u671b\u5353\u8457\u7684\u8001\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u4e3b\u5f20\u628a\u7528\u4e8e\u519b\u8d39\u7684\u94b1\u7701\u4e0b\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5bf9\u5916\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u628a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u519b\u961f\u4eba\u6570\u88c1\u51cf\u4e94\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7ed9\u5317\u7ea6\u7684\u90e8\u961f\u524a\u51cf\u52305,000\u4eba\uff0c\u519b\u8230\u3001\u5766\u514b\u548c\u6218\u673a\u90fd\u4e0d\u66f4\u65b0\u3002\u8fd9\u4e24\u5e74\u53c8\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u79ef\u6781\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5357\u5317\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u53d1\u8fbe\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u8fd8\u79ef\u6781\u5021\u5bfc\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u524a\u51cf\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u7f13\u89e3\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u7d27\u5f20\u6c14\u6c1b\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u8fd8\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u548c\u5e73\u5956(Albert Einstein Peace Prize)\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5c31\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u603b\u7406\u7684\u4f4d\u5b50\uff0c1984\u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u8c03\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u82e5\u7559\u4efb\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u9886\u8896\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u5728\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c4a\u8054\u90a6\u5927\u9009\u4e2d\u5fc5\u5b9a\u843d\u8d25\u3002\u6216\u8bb8\u662f\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u5904\u5883\uff0c1984\u5e742\u670828\u65e5\uff0c\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4ed6\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u96ea\u4e2d\u7684\u6563\u6b65\u201d(a long walk in the snow)\u540e\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u53c2\u52a0\u4e0b\u4e00\u5c4a\u9009\u4e3e\u3002<\/p>\n

1984\u5e746\u670830\u65e5\u7279\u9c81\u591a\u8f9e\u53bb\u603b\u7406\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\uff0c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u00b7\u7279\u7eb3(John Turner)\u63a5\u4efb\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u65b0\u4e00\u6b21\u7684\u5927\u9009\u6765\u4e34\u4e86\uff0c\u6362\u5e05\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u80fd\u4fdd\u4f4f\u6267\u653f\u5730\u4f4d\u5417\uff1f\u8bf7\u770b\u4e0b\u7bc7\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6c38\u8fdc\u7684\u8349\u6839
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Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":57689,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[333],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57591"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=57591"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":57691,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/57591\/revisions\/57691"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/57689"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=57591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=57591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=57591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}