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\u7533\u8bf7\u8fdb\u5165\u6b63\u5f0f\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u9976\u6bc5\u5f00\u59cb\u627e\u4eba\u7ed9\u81ea\u5df1\u5199\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u3002\u201c\u90a3\u65f6\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u8bbf\u95ee\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u662f\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u505a\u836f\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6559\u6388A. Goldstein\uff0c\u662f\u6211\u7684\u5bfc\u5e08\u63a5\u5f85\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5c31\u95ee\u4ed6\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u6211\u5199\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ed6\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u5723\u8fed\u54e5\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u795e\u7ecf\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6T. Bullock\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u6765\u8bbf\u65f6\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u53bb\u627e\u4ed6\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u7ed9\u6211\u5199\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u3002\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed9\u6211\u5199\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u7684\u662f\u51af\u5fb7\u57f9\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u526f\u9662\u957f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u5916\u7c4d\u9662\u58eb\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5d16\u5cb8\u9ad8\u5cfb\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u505a\u5b66\u95ee\u505a\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u6211\u4e0d\u6562\u76f4\u63a5\u53bb\u627e\u4ed6\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u5f20\u5b89\u4e2d\u628a\u6211\u63a8\u8350\u7ed9\u51af\u5fb7\u57f9\u5148\u751f\u8ba4\u8bc6\uff0c\u4ed6\u540e\u6765\u4e5f\u7b54\u5e94\u4e86\u7ed9\u6211\u5199\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n

\u9976\u6bc5\u81ea\u5df1\u90fd\u4e3a\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u9a84\u50b2\uff1a\u80fd\u591f\u627e\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u9662\u58eb\u5199\u63a8\u8350\u4fe1\u7684\u7559\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u4f30\u8ba1\u4e5f\u4e0d\u591a\u89c1\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u5df2\u7ecf\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7eaa\u5f55\u3002 <\/p>\n

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\u5f90\u5c0f\u5e73\uff1a\u51fa\u56fd\u7406\u7531\u7684\u56f0\u60d1<\/strong> <\/p>\n

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\u201c\u7559\u5b66\u91cd\u7ec4\u4e86\u6211\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u201d<\/strong> <\/p>\n

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\u5f90\u5c0f\u5e73\u5e26\u7740\u8ff7\u832b\u548c\u75db\u82e6\u51fa\u56fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8d70\u6295\u65e0\u8def\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u3002 <\/p>\n

10\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u4ee5\u540e\u4ed6\u5230\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\u5e26\u4ed6\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u5e02\u3002\u201c\u8d85\u5e02\u91cc\u9762\uff0c\u7ed9\u6211\u5370\u8c61\u6700\u6df1\u7684\u662f\u6c34\u679c\u548c\u5976\u916a\u3002\u5976\u916a\u6709\u51e0\u5341\u6876\u4e0a\u767e\u6876\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u4e73\u5236\u54c1\u7433\u7405\u6ee1\u76ee\uff1b\u800c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6c34\u679c\u8fd9\u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u30021987\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6b63\u5904\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u62a2\u8d2d\u6f6e\uff0c\u6211\u51fa\u56fd\u524d\u5728\u4e0a\u6d77\u7b2c\u4e00\u767e\u8d27\uff0c\u53ea\u4e70\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a20\u5143\u7684\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u3002\u5766\u767d\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u60f3\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d27\u67b6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d27\u67b6\u4e0a\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u653e\u4e0a\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n

\u800c\u8d70\u8fdb\u4e66\u5e97\uff0c\u5f90\u5c0f\u5e73\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u5185\u7981\u6b62\u7684\u6742\u5fd7\u548c\u4e66\u7c4d\u3002\u201c\u4f46\u6211\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ece\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u597d\uff1a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u770b\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u5351\u5fae\u7684\u4eba\u6027\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u5f90\u5c0f\u5e73\u89e6\u52a8\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u5e55\u573a\u666f\u3002 <\/p>\n

1987\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u9ed1\u8272\u661f\u671f\u4e00\uff0c\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u66b4\u8dcc\uff0c\u56fd\u5185\u5bf9\u6b64\u7eb7\u7eb7\u505a\u4e86\u62a5\u9053\u3002\u201c\u6211\u5728\u5e74\u5e95\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5929\u7684\u534a\u591c\u5230\u4e86\u4fc4\u4ea5\u4fc4\u5dde\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u9547\uff0c\u5723\u8bde\u8282\u7684\u706f\u666f\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6563\u53bb\uff0c\u6bcf\u5bb6\u6bcf\u6237\u7684\u95e8\u524d\uff0c\u666f\u8272\u5c31\u8ddf\u7ae5\u8bdd\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u6211\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u770b\u5230\u60b2\u4f24\u548c\u5d29\u6e83\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u6211\u4ece\u5c0f\u5230\u5927\u68a6\u60f3\u4e2d\u7684\u7ae5\u8bdd\u4e16\u754c\u5c31\u5728\u773c\u524d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u53ea\u9694\u4e8610\u591a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u65f6\u7684\u98de\u673a\u65c5\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5dee\u8ddd\u9762\u524d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a30\u591a\u5c81\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u601d\u60f3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5c71\u547c\u6d77\u5578\u4e00\u6837\u5730\u5267\u70c8\uff0c\u4e5f\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u6211\u4e00\u751f\u8ffd\u6c42\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n

\u5f90\u5c0f\u5e73\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5b66\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u662f\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4ed6\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6536\u83b7\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u672c\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5bf9\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u6587\u5316\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u548c\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u98ce\u4fd7\u4e60\u60ef\u3001\u4ef7\u503c\u89c2\u5ff5\u7b49\u7b49\u6709\u4e86\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fde\u654f\u6d2a\uff1a\u4e2d\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5c31\u51fa\u56fd\u662f\u8d8b\u52bf<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4fde\u654f\u6d2a\u56e0\u4e3a\u521b\u7acb\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u800c\u540d\u6ee1\u5929\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u7559\u8fc7\u5b66\u7684\u201c\u7559\u5b66\u6559\u7236\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u4e0d\u5938\u5f20\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u4e2d\u56fd\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u4e48\u591a\u3002\u201d\u4fde\u654f\u6d2a\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u521a\u597d\u8fce\u5408\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u5e26\u52a8\u4e86\u4e2d\u56fd\u5b66\u751f\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u5728\u4fde\u654f\u6d2a\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u529e\u6258\u798f\u548cGRE\u73ed\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e09\u56db\u5bb6\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa80\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\u7684\u524d\u8fdb\u5b66\u6821\u6bd4\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u8981\u6709\u540d\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u5317\u5f80\u5357\u53bb\u4e0a\u6d77\u5b66\u6258\u798f\u3002\u201c\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u4e0e\u4f17\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u9762\u5e76\u975e\u53ea\u6709\u6559\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8001\u5e08\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e50\u610f\u53bb\u611f\u77e5\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a8\u52a8\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4eba\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u662f\u5317\u5927\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u7684\u2018\u901a\u75c5\u2019\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u63a8\u52a8\u7559\u5b66\u6f6e\u6d41\u6240\u5177\u6709\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u6211\u81ea\u5df1\u540e\u6765\u4e00\u76f4\u628a\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u505a\u4e0b\u53bb\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u53bb\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n

\u4fde\u654f\u6d2a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u610f\u65e0\u610f\u5730\u5728\u5021\u5bfc\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u8fc7\u7559\u5b66\u6765\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u547d\u8fd0\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5021\u5bfc\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u4f60\u7559\u4e0d\u4e86\u5b66\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u81ea\u5df1\u547d\u8fd0\uff0c\u4e24\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u5e76\u884c\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u5728\u8f85\u5bfc\u3001\u57f9\u8bad\u82f1\u8bed\u8003\u8bd5\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd8\u505a\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u91cd\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u544a\u8bc9\u5b66\u751f\u600e\u4e48\u6837\u51fa\u53bb\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f88\u591a\u5b66\u751f\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u53bb\u7559\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u51fa\u53bb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7533\u8bf7\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u5404\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u5f85\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u533a\u522b\u3001\u5404\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u9881\u53d1\u5956\u5b66\u91d1\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u548c\u51b3\u7b56\u6709\u4f55\u4e0d\u540c\u3001\u8bfb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u548c\u8bfb\u535a\u58eb\u751f\u7684\u533a\u522b\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u666e\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5927\u91cf\u5b66\u751f\u81ea\u5df1\u5c31\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u51fa\u56fd\u7559\u5b66\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u201c\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u662f\u9664\u4e86\u5317\u5927\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u8bed\u8a00\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7b2c\u4e00\u5bb6\u5f15\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u5b66\u62db\u751f\u7b80\u7ae0\u53ca\u5176\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u6c11\u95f4\u673a\u6784\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n

\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u8fd8\u63d0\u5021\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5b66\u751f\u5e94\u8be5\u4ece\u4e2d\u5b66\u6bd5\u4e1a\u5c31\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bfb\u5927\u5b66\u3002 <\/p>\n

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\u4ece\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6784\u6210\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\u201c\u5b66\u5458\u201d\u539f\u5148\u662f\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u548c\u7855\u58eb\u751f\u6700\u591a\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u9010\u6e10\u53d8\u6210\u4ee5\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u4e3a\u4e3b\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5219\u662f\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u5404\u5360\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u4fde\u654f\u6d2a\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ece\u4ee5\u7559\u5b66\u4e3a\u76ee\u6807\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u5360\u5230\u4e86\u5927\u7ea61\/3\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u3002 <\/p>\n

\u65b0\u4e1c\u65b9\uff1a\u4ece\u9f13\u52b1\u51fa\u56fd\u5230\u53f7\u53ec\u56de\u56fd<\/strong> <\/p>\n

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