{"id":44958,"date":"2013-08-21T13:00:29","date_gmt":"2013-08-21T18:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=44958"},"modified":"2013-08-21T13:00:29","modified_gmt":"2013-08-21T18:00:29","slug":"20130821%e4%bb%8e%e7%b2%be%e8%8b%b1%e5%88%b0%e5%b9%b3%e6%b0%91%ef%bc%9a%e6%b5%b7%e5%a4%96%e6%b8%b8%e5%ad%a6%e7%9a%84%e5%8f%98%e8%bf%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=44958","title":{"rendered":"20130821\/\u4ece\u7cbe\u82f1\u5230\u5e73\u6c11\uff1a\u6d77\u5916\u6e38\u5b66\u7684\u53d8\u8fc1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u767d\u9732\u4e3a\u971c \u4e8e\u8d1d\u58f3\u6751<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u6e38\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u904d\u8bbf\u540d\u5c71\u5927\u5ddd\uff0c\u7ed3\u4ea4\u6587\u4eba\u9a9a\u5ba2\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e50\u4e0d\u601d\u8700\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u8001\u4e4b\u5c06\u81f3\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u660e\u4ee3\u8463\u5176\u660c\u66f4\u6709\u201c\u8bfb\u4e07\u5377\u4e66\uff0c\u884c\u4e07\u91cc\u8def\u201d\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u3002\u8bb2\u5f97\u5c31\u662f\u5149\u8bfb\u4e66\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u51fa\u53bb\u6e38\u5386\uff0c\u4e66\u672c\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e45\u5458\u8fbd\u9614\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u591a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u56fd\u6e38\u5b66\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\u5305\u62ec\u5510\u4ee3\u7684\u7384\u5958\u548c\u5c1a\u3002\u8fd9\u4f4d\u897f\u6e38\u8bb0\u7684\u539f\u578b\u897f\u51fa\u957f\u5b89\uff0c\u6e38\u5386\u897f\u57df\u4f17\u591a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5230\u8fbe\u5929\u7afa\uff0c\u7814\u4e60\u4f5b\u5b66\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u540e\u56de\u56fd\uff0c\u6210\u5c31\u4e86\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b97\u5e08\u3002\u4f46\u7384\u5958\u7684\u897f\u6e38\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u671d\u5723\u800c\u975e\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u7684\u6e38\u5b66\u3002\u8bf4\u5230\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u7684\u6d77\u5916\u6e38\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u53d1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e09\u767e\u591a\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u8d35\u65cf\u5728\u8bfb\u5b8c\u725b\u6d25\u5251\u6865\u5927\u5b66\u540e\u8fdc\u5f81\u5230\u6cd5\u56fd\u548c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u53bb\u63a2\u5bfb\u827a\u672f\uff0c\u6587\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u897f\u65b9\u6587\u660e\u7684\u6e90\u6cc9\u3002\u5728\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8d35\u65cf\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u82b1\u4e0a\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\u6216\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u6f2b\u6e38\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u59d4\u6258\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u753b\u5e08\u7ed8\u753b\uff0c\u7ec3\u4e60\u5b8c\u5584\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u6df7\u8ff9\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4e0a\u6d41\u793e\u4f1a\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u4eba\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u8c01\u9996\u5148\u60f3\u51fa\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e3b\u610f\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8fdc\u884c\u5c31\u6709\u4e86\u4e2a\u5f88\u5408\u9002\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u5927\u6e38\u5b66(Grand Tour)<\/p>\n

\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u6b27\u6d32\u77e5\u8bc6\u754c\u666e\u904d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u77e5\u8bc6\u5168\u90e8\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5916\u90e8\u611f\u5b98\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u77e5\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u4ed6\u6240\u88ab\u66b4\u9732\u7684\u7269\u7406\u73af\u5883\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u6269\u5927\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u8ba9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6709\u94b1\u6709\u95f2\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5f9c\u5f89\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u7ecf\u5178\u65f6\u671f(\u6307\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u548c\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c)\u4ee5\u53ca\u6587\u827a\u590d\u5174\u7684\u6587\u5316\u9057\u4ea7\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u63a5\u89e6\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u65f6\u5c1a\uff0c\u793c\u8c8c\u7684\u793e\u4ea4\u5708\u5b50\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u7ed9\u4e88\u53c2\u4e0e\u8005\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\uff0c\u89c2\u770b\u67d0\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u827a\u672f\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u6216\u542c\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u3002\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7eed\u6570\u6708\u81f3\u51e0\u5e74\u3002\u5b83\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5bfc\u6e38\u517c\u5bfc\u5e08(\u79f0\u4e3aCicerone)\u966a\u4f34\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u7684\u5927\u6e38\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n

1825\u5e74\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u84b8\u6c7d\u52a8\u529b\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u7684\u4e60\u4fd7\u8fd8\u5728\u7ee7\u7eed\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8d28\u7684\u53d8\u5316 \u2013 \u66f4\u52a0\u4fbf\u5b9c\uff0c\u66f4\u5b89\u5168\uff0c\u66f4\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u8fde\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u4e5f\u4ed8\u5f97\u8d77\u3002\u572819\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u591a\u6570\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u5883\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u7537\u6027\u90fd\u53c2\u52a0\u4e86\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u3002\u5728\u6e38\u5b66\u4eba\u6d41\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u8bb8\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u548c\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7f3a\u5c11\u82f1\uff0c\u6cd5\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\uff0c\u5e0c\u814a\u7684\u60a0\u4e45\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u827a\u672f\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7cbe\u82f1\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u5f88\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u628a\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u53c2\u52a0\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u4f5c\u4e3a\u535a\u96c5\u6559\u80b2(Liberal Art Education)\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u53c2\u52a0\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4e2d\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u7b97\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u4e86(Mark Twain)\u3002<\/p>\n

1867\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u8fd8\u662f\u8bb0\u8005\u7684\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u7f8e\u5dee\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u5bb6\u52a0\u5dde\u62a5\u7eb8\u7684\u8d5e\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u767b\u4e0a\u4e00\u8258\u53ebQuaker City\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8239\uff0c\u4e00\u8def\u6e38\u5386\u6b27\u6d32\u4ee5\u53ca\u5723\u57ce\u8036\u8def\u6492\u51b7\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4fe1\u4ef6\u5728\u591a\u5bb6\u62a5\u7eb8\u4e0a\u53d1\u8868\u5f15\u8d77\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u77ed\u6587\u540e\u6765\u6536\u96c6\u6210\u518c\u53d1\u8868\u4e3a\u6e38\u8bb0\u201c\u50bb\u5b50\u51fa\u56fd\u8bb0\u201d(The Innocents Abroad)\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u5f53\u65f6\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5f88\u4e25\u8083\u7684\u6e38\u8bb0\u5199\u6cd5\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u4ee5\u5e7d\u9ed8\u641e\u7b11\u4e3a\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u5b09\u7b11\u6012\u9a82\u7686\u6210\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u5356\u7684\u6700\u597d\u7684\u4f5c\u54c1\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8bfb\u6765\u4f9d\u7136\u8ba9\u4f60\u5fcd\u4fca\u4e0d\u5df2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u725b\u4ed4\u6587\u5316\u540c\u6b27\u6d32\u7cbe\u81f4\u800c\u6709\u4e9b\u88c5\u8154\u4f5c\u52bf\u7684\u6587\u5316\u76f8\u9047\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u540e\u679c\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u706b\u82b1\u56db\u6e85\u7684\u6587\u660e\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u662f\u4ece\u4e66\u91cc\u6458\u5f55\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u7247\u65ad\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u4e9b\u7aef\u502a\u3002\u5173\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u7ea2\u78e8\u574a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5eb7\u5eb7\u821e (Can-can)\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u201c\u5eb7\u5eb7\u821e\u7684\u5b97\u65e8\u5c31\u662f\u8df3\u7684\u8d8a\u91ce\u6027\uff0c\u8d8a\u5435\u95f9\uff0c\u8d8a\u75af\u72c2\u5c31\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u88f8\u9732\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5973\u4eba\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4f60\u5e94\u8be5\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u8e22\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u4f60\u5c5e\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e2a\u6027\u522b\u3002\u6211\u771f\u7684\u4e00\u70b9\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u5938\u5f20\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5df4\u9ece\u4eba\u7684\u6cd5\u8bed\u6c34\u5e73\uff0c\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u6562\u606d\u7ef4\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9a6c\u514b\u5410\u6e29\u5bf9\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u5c31\u66f4\u5dee\u4e86\uff0c\u8f89\u714c\u7684\u6559\u5802\uff0c\u8d2b\u82e6\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u5bf9\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u76841500\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u628a\u5979\u6240\u6709\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5979\u6240\u6709\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u90fd\u82b1\u8d39\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u6570\u91cf\u4f17\u591a\u7f8e\u5e7b\u7f8e\u4ed1\u7684\u6559\u5802\u4e0a\u4e86\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u5b83\u7684\u4ee3\u4ef7\u662f\u8ba9\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u6328\u997f\u3002\u5982\u4eca\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u662f\u8f89\u714c\u548c\u82e6\u96be\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5de8\u5927\u5c55\u89c8\u9986\u3002\u628a\u4e00\u5ea7\u7f8e\u56fd\u57ce\u5e02\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6559\u5802\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u90fd\u4e70\u4e0d\u8d77\u610f\u5927\u5229\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u8ba1\u6559\u5802\u4e2d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u5bb6\u6240\u62e5\u6709\u7684\u73e0\u5b9d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u8dea\u5012\u548c\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u80ae\u810f\u7684\u4e5e\u4e10\u5374\u5728\u6211\u5468\u56f4\u4e00\u62e5\u800c\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6bd4\u5b9e\u5728\u592a\u9192\u76ee\uff0c\u592a\u6697\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u8bf4\u3002\u2018\u54e6\uff0c\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u5b50\u5b59\u4eec\uff0c\u96be\u5230\u594b\u6597\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u81ea\u529b\u66f4\u751f\uff0c\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u5728\u4f60\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u5168\u6b7b\u53bb\u4e86\u5417\uff1f\u6211\u8981\u8bc5\u5492\u4f60\u7684\u61d2\u60f0\u548c\u65e0\u6240\u4e8b\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f60\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e0d\u5374\u62a2\u6559\u5802\uff1f\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u548c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u5bb6\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u5409\u672c(Edward Gibbon)\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u6839\u636e\u5f53\u65f6\u4e60\u4fd7\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u662f\u540d\u7b26\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u82f1\u56fd\u7ec5\u58eb\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u201d\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u89c1\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u5bf9\u53d7\u8fc7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u4e00\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u4f46\u5927\u6e38\u5b66\u4e2d\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e5f\u66fe\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u5417\uff1f\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0d\u9519\uff0c\u4e14\u8ba9\u6211\u8bf4\u7ed9\u4f60\u542c\u3002<\/p>\n

1884\u5e74\uff0c15\u5c81\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u7537\u5b69\u5c0f\u5229\u5170-\u65af\u5766\u798f(Leland Stanford Jr)\u6b63\u5728\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u966a\u4f34\u4e0b\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u6e38\u5b66\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2\u8001\u5229\u5170-\u65af\u5766\u798f\u9760\u4fee\u94c1\u8def\u53d1\u4e86\u8d22\uff0c\u66fe\u62c5\u4efb\u8fc7\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5dde\u957f\u548c\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u9876\u7ea7\u7684\u5bcc\u8c6a\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7236\u4eb2\u4e0b\u51b3\u5fc3\u8981\u628a\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u57f9\u517b\u6210\u6709\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6709\u6559\u517b\u7684\u7ec5\u58eb\u597d\u7ee7\u627f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4ea7\u4e1a\u3002\u53ef\u5c31\u5f53\u5c0f\u5229\u5170\u5728\u4eab\u53d7\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u65c5\u7a0b\u65f6\uff0c\u5374\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4ef6\u5927\u4e8b\u3002\u5c0f\u5229\u5170\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u611f\u67d3\u4e0a\u4f24\u5bd2\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u96c5\u5178\u75c5\u5012\u540e\u7236\u6bcd\u8d76\u7d27\u628a\u4ed6\u9001\u5230\u610f\u5927\u5229\u63a5\u53d7\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u90a3\u4e0d\u52d2\u65af\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5230\u7f57\u9a6c\uff0c\u5c0f\u5229\u5170\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u65f6\u597d\u65f6\u574f\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u5728\u4f5b\u7f57\u4f26\u8428\u5c45\u7136\u592d\u6298\u4e86\u3002\u5c0f\u5229\u5170-\u65af\u5766\u798f\u79bb16\u5c81\u751f\u65e5\u8fd8\u5dee\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5766\u798f\u75db\u5931\u72ec\u5b50\uff0c\u4f24\u5fc3\u6b32\u7edd\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u4ed6\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u7b80(Jane)\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u5c81\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u518d\u751f\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u4e24\u4eba\u76f8\u5bf9\u6cea\u773c\uff0c\u8001\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5bf9\u59bb\u5b50\u8bf4\u201c\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u201c (the children of California shall be our children)\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u628a\u94b1\u62ff\u51fa\u6765\u4e3a\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u505a\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u544a\u6170\u901d\u53bb\u7684\u5c0f\u5229\u5170\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6bcf\u6b21\u8bfb\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u90fd\u5f88\u611f\u52a8\uff0c\u4e16\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u597d\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4eba\u4e4b\u5e38\u60c5\u3002\u53ef\u5f53\u5b69\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u4e86\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u60f3\u5230\u4e0d\u662f\u5a36\u4e2a\u4e8c\u5976\u5c0f\u4e09\u518d\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u5c0f\u7231\u53d8\u6210\u5927\u7231\uff0c\u5c06\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u5f53\u6210\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u3002\u76f8\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u5bcc\u8c6a\u4e0d\u4f46\u94b1\u7684\u6765\u8def\u6709\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53d1\u8d22\u540e\u9664\u4e86\u4e70\u8c6a\u8f66\uff0c\u73a9\u5973\u4eba\uff0c\u70ab\u5bcc\u6597\u72e0\u4e4b\u5916\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u628a\u94b1\u82b1\u5728\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u9ad8\u4e0b\u7acb\u523b\u5c31\u5206\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65af\u5766\u798f\u592b\u5987\u8003\u8651\u51e0\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 – \u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u6280\u6821\uff0c\u6216\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u4ece\u6b27\u6d32\u56de\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u5728\u4e1c\u6d77\u5cb8\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\uff0c\u5eb7\u5948\u5c14\u548c\u7ea6\u7ff0\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u8ba8\u6559\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u6240\u65b0\u5927\u5b66\u3002 \u7f51\u4e0a\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u65af\u5766\u798f\u592b\u5987\u5047\u88c5\u7a77\u4eba\u8981\u7ed9\u54c8\u4f5b\u6350\u6b3e\u88ab\u62d2\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u5047\u7684\u3002\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u54c8\u4f5b\u6821\u957f\u827e\u7565\u7279\u63a5\u5f85\u4e86\u65af\u5766\u798f\u592b\u5987\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u827e\u7565\u7279\u4f30\u8ba1500\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u5927\u6982\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u65af\u5766\u798f\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u56db\u76ee\u5bf9\u89c6\uff0c\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e2a\u94b1\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u62ff\u5f97\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6700\u7ec8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u51b3\u5b9a\u7528\u5c0f\u5229\u5170\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5efa\u7acb\u4e24\u6240\u673a\u6784\u2013\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u548c\u4e00\u6240\u535a\u7269\u9986\u3002\u4ece\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c31\u505a\u4e86\u51e0\u9879\u975e\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff1a1) \u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5c06\u662f\u7537\u5973\u540c\u6821\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u5b66\u53ea\u62db\u7537\u751f\uff1b2) \u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u5c06\u662f\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5927\u5b66\u4e0e\u90fd\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u673a\u6784\u6709\u8054\u7cfb\uff1b3) \u65af\u5766\u798f\u5c06\u66f4\u6ce8\u91cd\u5b9e\u9645\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u57f9\u517b\u201c\u6709\u6587\u5316\u548c\u6709\u7528\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u3002\u201d (cultured and useful citizens)\u3002<\/p>\n

1891\u5e7410\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f(\u5168\u540d\u662fLeland Stanford Junior University)\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc76\u5e74\u7684\u89c4\u5212\u548c\u5efa\u8bbe\u540e\u655e\u5f00\u4e86\u5927\u95e8\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u4e00\u5bb6\u62a5\u7eb8\u66fe\u9884\u6d4b\u65af\u5766\u798f\u7684\u6559\u6388\u5c06\u5728\u201c\u5927\u7406\u77f3\u5927\u5385\u91cc\u9762\u5bf9\u7a7a\u677f\u51f3\u8bb2\u8bfe\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9884\u8a00\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c4a\u65b0\u751f\u5305\u62ec555\u540d\u7537\u5973\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u6559\u5e08\u4ece15\u540d\u6269\u5927\u523049\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

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1905\u5e74\uff0c\u7b80-\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6307\u793a\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\uff0c\u5728\u5979\u53bb\u4e16\u540e\uff0c\u5c06\u5979\u6536\u85cf\u7684\u73e0\u5b9d\u51fa\u552e\uff0c\u5e76\u7528\u6240\u5f97\u8d44\u91d1\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c38\u4e45\u6027\u7684\u57fa\u91d1\u201c\u4e13\u95e8\u7528\u4e8e\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e66\u7c4d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u3002\u201d\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u540e\u6765\u4e25\u683c\u5730\u9075\u5b88\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u201c\u73e0\u5b9d\u57fa\u91d1\u201d\u4e00\u76f4\u7528\u4e8e\u6269\u5927\u65af\u5766\u798f\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u7684\u6536\u85cf\u3002\u8fd9\u7b14\u57fa\u91d1\u6700\u521d\u65f6\u503c\u5927\u7ea650\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u7ea6\u4e3a2000\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

100\u591a\u5e74\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e86\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u65e9\u5df2\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e0d\u89c1\u7ecf\u4f20\u7684\u897f\u90e8\u5c0f\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u5b83\u4e00\u8dc3\u6210\u4e3a\u4e0e\u54c8\u4f5b\uff0c\u8036\u9c81\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u987f\u6bd4\u80a9\u7684\u9876\u7ea7\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u4e0d\u4f46\u5404\u65b9\u9762\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u51fa\u8272\uff0c\u5f97\u76ca\u4e8e\u4e8e\u8001\u65af\u5766\u798f\u6240\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u201c\u5b9e\u7528\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u9488\uff0c\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5728\u5de5\u79d1\u65b9\u9762\u66f4\u662f\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u624b\u3002\u53d7\u60e0\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u53ea\u662f\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u5b50\u5f1f\uff0c\u5168\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u6c11\u90fd\u56e0\u5b83\u800c\u53d7\u76ca\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u65af\u5766\u798f\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u5427\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u7845\u8c37\uff1b\u6ca1\u6709\u7845\u8c37\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u9769\u547d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u4e2a\u4eba\u7535\u8111\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u7f51\uff0c\u7f51\u7ad9\uff0c\u8138\u4e66\uff0c\u535a\u5ba2\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u673a\uff0c\u7b49\u8bb8\u8bb8\u591a\u591a\u6211\u4eec\u4eca\u65e5\u4e0d\u80fd\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u800c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u5f00\u59cb\u90fd\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a15\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u5f97\u7684\u4f24\u5bd2\u3002\u6211\u60f3\u5c0f\u5229\u5170-\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5728\u5929\u6709\u7075\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u975e\u5e38\u6ee1\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u767d\u9732\u4e3a\u971c\u540e\u8bb0\uff1a\u4eca\u5e747\u67086\u65e5\u97e9\u4e9a\u822a\u7a7a214\u53f7\u73ed\u673a\u5728\u65e7\u91d1\u5c71\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7a7a\u96be\uff0c\u98de\u673a\u5728\u964d\u843d\u65f6\u5760\u6bc1\u3002\u4e8b\u6545\u5171\u9020\u62103\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c181\u4eba\u53d7\u4f24\u3002\u4e8b\u6545\u7684\u6b7b\u8005\u548c\u4f24\u8005\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u662f\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u6765\u6e38\u5b66\u7684\u4e2d\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u75db\u5fc3\u4e4b\u4f59\u4e2d\u6587\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u8fd9\u79cd\u6e38\u5b66\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u8d28\u7591\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u51e0\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u51fa\u56fd\u6e38\u5b66\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u76f8\u968f\u7740\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u4e71\u50cf\u3002\u767d\u9732\u4ee5\u4e3a\u76ee\u524d\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u6e38\u5b66\u7684\u786e\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u4f46\u51fa\u6765\u65c5\u884c\u603b\u662f\u6709\u4e9b\u98ce\u9669\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e5f\u7528\u4e0d\u7740\u56e0\u564e\u5e9f\u98df\u3002\u901d\u8005\u5df2\u77e3\uff0c\u751f\u8005\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u4ece\u4e2d\u5438\u53d6\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u91cd\u8e48\u8986\u8f99\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5931\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5e78\u4e2d\u7684\u5927\u5e78\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u767d\u9732\u4e3a\u971c \u4e8e\u8d1d\u58f3\u6751 \u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u6e38\u5b66\u5e76\u4e0d\u964c\u751f\u3002\u5728\u53e4\u4ee3\u5c31\u6709\u904d\u8bbf\u540d\u5c71\u5927\u5ddd\uff0c\u7ed3\u4ea4\u6587\u4eba\u9a9a\u5ba2\u7684\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u4e3a\u6b64\u4e50\u4e0d\u601d\u8700\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u8001\u4e4b\u5c06\u81f3\u3002\u5230\u4e86\u660e\u4ee3\u8463\u5176\u660c\u66f4\u6709\u201c\u8bfb\u4e07\u5377\u4e66\uff0c\u884c\u4e07\u91cc\u8def\u201d\u7684\u540d\u8a00\u3002\u8bb2\u5f97\u5c31\u662f\u5149\u8bfb\u4e66\u662f\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u51fa\u53bb\u6e38\u5386\uff0c\u4e66\u672c\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u624d\u80fd\u6709\u8fdb\u6b65\u3002\u5f53\u7136\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e45\u5458\u8fbd\u9614\uff0c\u5386\u53f2\u60a0\u4e45\uff0c\u53e4\u4ee3\u4eba\u591a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u56fd\u6e38\u5b66\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u4f8b\u5916\u5305…
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