{"id":43382,"date":"2013-06-15T16:41:26","date_gmt":"2013-06-15T21:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=43382"},"modified":"2013-06-19T17:08:29","modified_gmt":"2013-06-19T22:08:29","slug":"20130615%e5%88%a9%e7%9b%8a%e5%86%b2%e7%aa%81%e6%a1%88-%e9%ba%a6%e8%80%83%e8%8e%b2%e8%8e%b7%e6%92%a4%e6%8e%a7%e7%bd%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=43382","title":{"rendered":"20130615\/\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6848 \u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u83b7\u64a4\u63a7\u7f6a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e16\u754c\u65e5\u62a5\/\u5728\u6cd5\u5b98\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u5bf9\u5bc6\u897f\u6c99\u52a0\u5e02\u957f\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e02\u5e9c\u201c\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u201d\u63a7\u7f6a\u540e\uff0c\u4f7f\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u8ba1\u5212\u5728\u660e\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u7684\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\uff0c\u53ef\u671b\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u670d\u52a1\u957f\u8fbe35\u5e74\u7684\u5e02\u957f\u804c\u4f4d\u4e0a\u5168\u8eab\u800c\u9000\u3002<\/p>\n

\u627f\u5ba1\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u6cd5\u5b98John Sproat\u5728\u5176\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u8bf4\u9053\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4e8eWorld Class Developments\uff08WCD\uff09\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u7968\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u79cd\u79cd\u7684\u8bc1\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u9879\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0WCD\u516c\u53f8\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u5f00\u53d1\u6848\u7684\u6295\u7968\u800c\u6709\u6240\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/p>\n

John Sproat\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u513f\u5b50\u5728WCD\u516c\u53f8\u5185\u6240\u62c5\u4efb\u7684\u804c\u4f4d\u53ca\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\u3002John Sproat\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6b64\u6848\u63d0\u544a\u4eba\u5bc6\u897f\u6c99\u52a0\u5e02\u6c11Elias Hazineh\u5c06\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u5ba1\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u62d6\u957f\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u82b1\u53bb\u4e86\u592a\u591a\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u4e5f\u5728\u6cd5\u5b98\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u64a4\u9500\u63a7\u7f6a\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5ea6\u91cd\u7533\u5bf9\u4e8eWCD\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u53ca\u83b7\u5229\u4e00\u6982\u4e0d\u77e5\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u5e78\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5bc6\u897f\u6c99\u52a0\u5e02\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u53ca\u5e02\u6c11\u6ca1\u6709\u4ea7\u751f\u592a\u591a\u8d1f\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u88ab\u63a7\u4e8e2007\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u5373\u5927\u529b\u63a8\u9500WCD\u516c\u53f8\u5728\u5bc6\u897f\u6c99\u52a0\u5e02\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u603b\u7ecf\u8d39\u8fbe15\u4ebf\u5143\u7684\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u9152\u5e97\u3001\u5546\u65c5\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7efc\u5408\u5f00\u53d1\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b50Peter\u5728WCD\u516c\u53f8\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u80a1\u4efd\u3002\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5bc6\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6295\u7968\u53ef\u4f7fWCD\u516c\u53f8\u8282\u7701\u8fd11100\u4e07\u5143\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u7ecf\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u6709\u5a92\u4f53\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c\u6b64\u6b21\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e0d\u662f\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u6d89\u53ca\u7c7b\u4f3c\u5229\u76ca\u8f93\u9001\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5176\u65e9\u57281982\u5e74\u5373\u56e0\u4e00\u5b97\u571f\u5730\u4e70\u5356\u6848\u906d\u5230\u6295\u8bc9\uff0c\u800c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u8bef\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u514d\u4e8e\u63a5\u53d7\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5904\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u6d89\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6848\u64a4\u63a7<\/strong>
\n\u6cd5\u5b98\uff1a\u6295\u7968\u65f6\ue2e5\u91cd\u516c\u4f17\u5229\u76ca \u539f\u544a\u903e\u671f\u63d0\u8bbc<\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\/\u5e74\u5c4a92\u5c81\u7684\u5bc6\u897f\u6c99\u52a0\u5e02\u957f\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u6d89\u5acc\u8fdd\u53cd\u201c\u57ce\u5e02\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u201d\u4e00\u6848\uff0c\u6628\u65e5\u6709\u4e86\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u4ee5\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u5728\u6295\u7968\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u5230\u7684\u516c\u4f17\u5229\u76ca\u5927\u4e8e\u79c1\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7b49\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u4e86\u5bf9\u5979\u7684\u8d77\u8bc9\u3002\u4f46\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u5bf9\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u8bd5\u56fe\u5426\u8ba4\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u800c\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6ee1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u7701\u9ad8\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7279(John Sproat)\u5728\u6628\u65e5\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u57282007\u5e74\u5c31\u76ae\u5c14\u533a\u300a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d39\u7528\u4fee\u8ba2\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u8fdb\u884c\u6295\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u5176\u513f\u5b50\u5f7c\u5f97(Peter McCallion)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u80a1\u4e1c\u7684\u516c\u53f8WCD\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u6f5c\u5728\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8ba4\u5b9a\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u672c\u8eab\u4ea6\u4e3aWCD\u516c\u53f8\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5728\u8003\u8651\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u5f53\u65f6\u6295\u7968\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6548\u679c\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u65f6\uff0c\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f71\u54cd\u662f\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\uff0c\u548c\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5224\u51b3\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6295\u7968\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u5e02\u957f\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5bf9\u516c\u4f17\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u591a\u4e8e\u5bf9\u5f7c\u5f97\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u201c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u7406\u7684\u9009\u6c11\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u6709\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u540e\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u5e02\u957f\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u5979(\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d)\u6295\u7968\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ee4\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7279\u6700\u7ec8\u51b3\u5b9a\u64a4\u9500\u8be5\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e24\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0cWCD\u516c\u53f8\u5176\u5b9e\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u300a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d39\u7528\u4fee\u8ba2\u6cd5\u6848\u300b\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u4ea6\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5f7c\u5f97\u6240\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5982\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u4f30\u8ba1\u7684\uff0c\u80fd\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u4e2d\u8282\u7701\u8d85\u8fc71000\u4e07\u5143\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8d39\u7528\uff1b\u5176\u4e8c\u8be5\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u539f\u544a\uff0c\u5bc6\u5e02\u5e02\u6c11Elias Hazineh\u5728\u83b7\u6089\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdd\u53cd\u76f8\u5173\u6cd5\u4ee4\u7684\u662f\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u6cd5\u4ee4\u6240\u89c4\u5b9a\u76846\u5468\u5185\u5411\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u4ea4\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7279\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5355\u51ed\u8fd9\u4e24\u70b9\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8db3\u591f\u64a4\u9500\u6574\u4e2a\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u6700\u7ec8\u6446\u8131\u4e86\u8fdd\u53cd\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u5176\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c4a\u4efb\u671f\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u7559\u5728\u5e02\u957f\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f46\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e0d\u6ee1\u5979\u5728\u5ba1\u8baf\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6267\u610f\u5426\u5b9a\u5176\u4e0e\u513f\u5b50\u516c\u53f8\u5229\u76ca\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u66fe\u5728\u8bc1\u8bcd\u4e2d\u79f0\uff0c\u5bf9WCD\u516c\u53f8\u53ef\u8282\u7701\u7684\u6f5c\u5728\u8d39\u7528\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u77e5\u60c5\u5979\u4ea6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u544a\u77e5\u8bae\u4f1a\u5979\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u662f\u6b21\u6295\u7968\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u5173\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3a\u6b64\u65af\u666e\u7f57\u7279\u5728\u5224\u8bcd\u4e2d\u5199\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5979\u5bf9\u53f8\u6cd5\u8d23\u4efb\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u662f\u53cd\u5e38\u7406\u7684\u2026\u2026\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u662f\u5728\u6545\u610f\u5bf9WDC\u53d1\u5c55\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u72b6\u51b5\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u3002\u5979\u77e5\u9053\u2018\u8fc7\u6e21\u6761\u4f8b\u2019\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u4e3aWCD\u516c\u53f8\u521d\u671f\u7684\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u8282\u7701\u6570\u4ee5\u767e\u4e07\u8ba1\u7684\u91d1\u94b1\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u2018\u89c6\u800c\u4e0d\u89c1\u2019\u4ee4\u5176\u8fa9\u8bcd\u4e2d\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u2018\u5224\u65ad\u5931\u8bef\u2019\u4e0d\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u53863\u6b21\u540c\u7c7b\u8bc9\u8bbc \u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\uff1a\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u6210\u653f\u5ba2\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\/\u6628\u65e5\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u5df2\u7ecf\u662f\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u62c5\u4efb\u5bc6\u5e02\u5e02\u957f35\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u6446\u8131\u56e0\u540c\u7c7b\u578b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u800c\u88ab\u7f62\u514d\u7684\u5b98\u53f8\u3002\u4e0e\u524d\u4e24\u6b21\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u5728\u6628\u65e5\u63a5\u53d7\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u7136\u6279\u8bc4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee4\u81ea\u5df1\u4e09\u6b21\u8eab\u9677\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u300a\u57ce\u5e02\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u5e76\u8868\u793a\u5c06\u5411\u7701\u957f\u5efa\u8bae\u4fee\u6539\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

1982\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u9996\u6b21\u8fde\u4efb\u5bc6\u5e02\u5e02\u957f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u5c31\u56e0\u5728\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e0a\u4e3a\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5979\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u4e00\u5b97\u571f\u5730\u8d2d\u4e70\u51b3\u5b9a\u800c\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u906d\u5230\u6295\u8bc9\u3002\u4f46\u6cd5\u9662\u6700\u7ec8\u5224\u51b3\u5979\u51fa\u4e8e\u201c\u5224\u65ad\u9519\u8bef\u201d(error-in-judgment)\uff0c\u5373\u65e0\u5fc3\u7684\u8fc7\u5931\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u5e02\u957f\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

2011\u5e74\uff0c\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u56e0\u5176\u513f\u5b50\u7684\u5730\u4ea7\u9879\u76ee\u518d\u6b21\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u4e86\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u5b98\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9ea6\u8003\u83b2\u867d\u7136\u5728\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u660e\u663e\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u672a\u89e6\u72af\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u53ea\u5c5e\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5f53\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8be5\u6848\u4ef6\u82b1700\u4e07\u516c\u5e01\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u8c03\u67e5\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n

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