{"id":4073,"date":"2007-10-23T12:09:05","date_gmt":"2007-10-23T17:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=4073"},"modified":"2007-10-23T12:09:05","modified_gmt":"2007-10-23T17:09:05","slug":"20071023%e5%be%81%e6%96%b0%e7%a8%8e%e8%8e%b7%e9%80%9a%e8%bf%87%ef%bc%8c%e8%8b%97%e5%a4%a7%e4%bc%9f%e6%88%90%e8%b5%a2%e5%ae%b6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=4073","title":{"rendered":"20071023\/\u5f81\u65b0\u7a0e\u83b7\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u6210\u8d62\u5bb6"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u7a0e\u6536\u4ecd\u4e0d\u8db3 \u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e\u660e\u6625\u52bf\u52a010\u81f312%<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u661f\u62a5\u4e13\u8baf\/\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u957f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u7528\u5c3d\u4e5d\u725b\u4e8c\u864e\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u4e86\u8d62\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u6cbe\u6cbe\u81ea\u559c\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u591a\u5e02\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u4e3b\u7ba1\u968f\u5373\u516c\u5e03\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e00\u6c89\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u5468\u4e00\u665a\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7a0e\u548c\u8f66\u8f86\u767b\u8bb0\u7a0e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e13\u8d23\u76d1\u5bdf\u5e02\u5e9c\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u5361\u9732(Shelly Carroll)\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u521a\u521a\u5f00\u59cb\u3002\u636e\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u591a\u5e02\u53bb\u5e74\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u4e3a78\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u6570\u989d\u8f83\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7701\u4efd\u90fd\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5361\u9732\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u591a\u5e02\u4eca\u65e5\u5411\u524d\u8e0f\u51fa\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u662f\u6210\u719f\u4e86\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u63a5\u8e35\u800c\u81f3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8270\u5de8\u65e0\u6bd4\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u6295\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u5ef6\u540e\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e24\u9879\u7a0e\u6536\uff0c\u987f\u65f6\u4ee4\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u632b\uff1b\u671f\u95f4\u62a5\u7ae0\u6bcf\u65e5\u7684\u5934\u6761\u5168\u662f\u6709\u5173\u793e\u533a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u6682\u505c\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u6e9c\u51b0\u573a\u62bc\u540e\u5f00\u653e\u7684\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u53ca\u540e\u5e78\u8d56\u4e07\u4e8b\u8fbe\u5361(MasterCard)\u768416\u4e07\u5143\u624d\u8ba9\u6e9c\u51b0\u573a\u5982\u671f\u5411\u516c\u4f17\u5f00\u653e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u4e00\u76f4\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u61c8\uff0c\u51fa\u5c3d\u6d51\u8eab\u89e3\u6570\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u6295\u7968\u524d\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u523b\uff0c\u4ecd\u5168\u529b\u6e38\u8bf4\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u52a1\u6c42\u65b0\u7a0e\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u987a\u5229\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u5047\u5982\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\u5360\u591a\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u901a\u8fc7\u65b0\u7a0e\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5373\u610f\u5473\u5bf9\u518d\u5ea6\u5f53\u9009\u5e02\u957f\u7684\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u6295\u4e0d\u4fe1\u4efb\u7968\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u4eec\u6700\u7ec8\u7acb\u573a\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u4ee526\u7968\u5bf919\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7a0e\uff0c\u4ee525\u7968\u5bf920\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u8f66\u8f86\u767b\u8bb0\u7a0e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5411\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u6c11\u5f00\u5f81\u65b0\u7a0e\u662f\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5047\u5982\u5e02\u5e9c\u8981\u5c3d\u672c\u4efd\u4e3a\u5e02\u6c11\u521b\u9020\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4fbf\u6210\u4e86\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u66fe\u83b7\u544a\u77e5\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u7a0e\u6536\u539f\u5148\u662f\u6bcf\u5e74\u4f1a\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f33.56\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u534f\u52a9\u5e02\u5e9c\u9762\u5bf92008\u5e74\u7a0e\u6536\u4ecd\u7f3a4.15\u4ebf\u5143\u7684\u5c40\u9762\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u6f2b\u6f2b\u957f\u8def\uff1b\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f00\u5f81\u65b0\u7a0e\u88ab\u5ef6\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7a0e\u6709\u8c41\u514d\u548c\u9000\u7a0e\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u660e\u5e74\u53ea\u4f1a\u6536\u52301.75\u4ebf\u5143\u7a0e\u6b3e\uff0c\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u660e\u5e74\u7a0e\u6536\u6216\u8bb8\u4ecd\u7f3a\u5c112.4\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e\u660e\u6625\u52bf\u5fc5\u589e\u52a010\u81f312%\u3002\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f1a\u5c3d\u529b\u5c06\u7a0e\u7387\u7684\u52a0\u5e45\u964d\u4f4e\u81f33%\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u5c06\u4f1a\u662f\u6781\u5176\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u4e8b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u5feb\u4f1a\u7701\u957f\u5546\u63d0\u4f9b\u534f\u52a9<\/p>\n<p>\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c3d\u5feb\u8ddf\u7701\u957f\u9ea6\u575a\u8fea\u89c1\u9762\uff0c\u5546\u8ba8\u7531\u7701\u5e9c\u6062\u590d\u8d1f\u8d23\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u5f00\u652f\u4ee5\u53ca\u534f\u52a9\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u516c\u8f66\u5c40\u7684\u8425\u8fd0\uff0c\u4f46\u7701\u7ea7\u653f\u5ba2\u4eec\u5468\u4e00\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u627f\u8bfa\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u5426\u518d\u63d0\u4f9b\u534f\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u4e0a\u5468\u4efb\u547d\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c31\u5e02\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u72b6\u51b5\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5404\u9879\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u652f\u6301\u65b0\u7a0e\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u662f\u65e5\u914d\u6234\u65b0\u9ec4\u8272\u9888\u5dfe\uff0c\u6324\u6ee1\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u5385\uff0c\u9ec4\u8272\u662f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u53bb\u5e74\u7684\u5e02\u9009\u7ade\u9009\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u989c\u8272\u3002\u4e00\u540d\u7537\u5b50\u5728\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u81f4\u5f00\u4f1a\u8bcd\u65f6\u8bd8\u95ee\u4ed6\u800c\u88ab\u5e26\u79bb\u73b0\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u9ec4\u65fb\u5357\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7a0e\u6536\u540e\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u670d\u52a1\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u6709\u660e\u663e\u6539\u5584\u624d\u5bf9\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u6c11\u5c06\u4f1a\u89c9\u5f97\u662f\u88ab\u4eba\u62a2\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53cd\u5bf9\u52a0\u7a0e\u63d0\u6848\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u8868\u793a\uff0c7\u6708\u65f6\u5ef6\u540e\u8ba8\u8bba\u52a0\u7a0e\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u8981\u59d4\u51fa\u68c0\u8ba8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u80fd\u4e3a\u90e8\u4efd\u4eba\u58eb\u964d\u4f4e\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7a0e\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u652f\u6301\u52a0\u7a0e\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u5e74\u652f\u6301\u524d\u5e02\u957f\u62c9\u58eb\u6c11\u51bb\u7ed3\u7a0e\u6536\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u672a\u80fd\u6df1\u5165\u4e86\u89e3\u591a\u5e02\u7684\u672a\u6765\u5904\u5883\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6bcf\u6b21\u90fd\u52a8\u7528\u50a8\u5907\u91d1\uff0c\u53ea\u4f1a\u6ce5\u8db3\u6df1\u9677\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u81ea\u6551\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8bae\u5458\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u52a0\u6536\u66f4\u591a\u7279\u6b8a\u7a0e\u9879.\u5e02\u957f\u660e\u5e74\u6ca1\u5f81\u65b0\u7a0e\u8ba1\u5212<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u661f\u62a5\u4e13\u8baf\/\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u957f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u7684\u52a0\u7a0e\u63d0\u6848\u5468\u4e00\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e0d\u7981\u7591\u95ee\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u52a0\u7a0e\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u5f00\u59cb\uff1f\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u4e1a\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7a0e\u548c\u6c7d\u8f66\u767b\u8bb0\u8d39\u5c06\u7ed9\u5e02\u5e9c\u589e\u52a0\u6536\u51651.75\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u660e\u5e74\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u4ecd\u5b58\u57282.4\u4ebf\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7f3a\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u5e9c\u6307\u671b\u7701\u5e9c\u4e0a\u8f7d\u4e00\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7701\u5e9c\u7684\u8def\u8d70\u4e0d\u901a\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u8fd8\u76ef\u7740\u660e\u5e74\u63d0\u9ad8\u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e &#8211; \u53ef\u80fd\u63d0\u9ad8\u523010%\u621612%\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6628\u5929\u6709\u5173\u7269\u4e1a\u8bf4\u548c\u6c7d\u8f66\u767b\u8bb0\u8d39\u7684\u8fa9\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u52a0\u7a0e\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u798f\u7279(Rob Ford)\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u5730\u95ee\u5e02\u957f\uff0c2008\u5e74\u662f\u5426\u8fd8\u6709\u5f81\u6536\u65b0\u7a0e\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5e02\u957f\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u68c0\u8ba8\u5f81\u6536\u9152\u7a0e<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5728\u6628\u665a2\u9879\u65b0\u7a0e\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u95ee\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u65b0\u5f81\u9152\u7c7b\u7a0e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027 &#8211; \u8be5\u7a0e\u4eca\u5e74\u65e9\u65f6\u5e02\u5e9c\u5df2\u7ecf\u8003\u8651\u8fc7\u4e86 &#8211; \u4ed6\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\u201c\u5c1a\u5728\u68c0\u8ba8\u4e2d\u201d\uff1b\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u9053\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u83b7\u5f97\u6279\u51c6\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6709\u3002\u201d<br \/>\n\u636e\u4e00\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u62a5\u544a\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8be5\u9152\u7c7b\u7a0e\u53ef\u80fd\u5f81\u96c6\u7a0e\u6b3e4,400\u4e07\u5143\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u6b63\u5168\u529b\u5bfb\u6c422009\u5e74\u5f00\u59cb\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e02\u957f\u6267\u884c\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u6210\u5458\u4e4b\u4e00\u3001\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u9a6c\u6a21\u5c3c\u63d0(Giorgio Mammoliti)\u66f4\u4e3a\u5f00\u95e8\u89c1\u5c71\u5730\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u52a0\u6536\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7a0e\u9879\uff0c\u4ee5\u7f13\u548c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e\u7684\u9700\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u6253\u7b97\u79ef\u6781\u5411\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u90aa\u6076\u7a0e\u201d(sin taxes)\u4e0b\u624b(\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5305\u62ec\u9152\u7c7b\u7a0e\u3001\u70df\u8349\u7a0e\u548c\u5a31\u4e50\u7a0e\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u5f69\u7968\u548c\u8d4c\u573a\u7a0e)\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u57282008\u5e74\u9884\u7b97\u524d\u5bf9\u5176\u4f5c\u6df1\u5165\u68c0\u8ba8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u5e02\u5e9c\u8003\u8651\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u5e7f\u544a\u724c\u7a0e\u53ca\u516c\u8def\u6536\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5e2d\u8d22\u52a1\u5b98\u5e73\u7eb3\u5fd7\u5824(Joe Pennachetti)\u6628\u5929\u5728\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5e7f\u544a\u724c\u7a0e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ea\u80fd\u521b\u6536200\u81f3300\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u5e73\u7eb3\u5fd7\u5824\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u7684\u4e00\u540d\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u79f0\uff0c\u8be5\u7a0e\u51c6\u5907\u57282008\u5e74\u9884\u7b97\u540e\u7684\u201c\u672a\u6765\u201d\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516c\u8def\u662f\u5426\u6536\u8d39\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u6851\u8fbe\u5ed3(Bill Saundercook)\u7684\u63d0\u95ee\u65f6\uff0c\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u5e02\u8fd0\u8f93\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40(Greater Toronto Transportation Authority)\u5e94\u8be5\u8003\u8651\u5bf9427\u3001401\u3001400\u53ca404\u516c\u8def\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709DVP\u548c\u5609\u7538\u62ff\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def(Gardiner Express)\u5f81\u7a0e\u8def\u8d39\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6536\u5165\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u91cd\u65b0\u6295\u5165\u9053\u8def\u548c\u57fa\u7840\u8bbe\u65bd\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6851\u8fbe\u5ed3\u6307\u51fa\uff0cDVP\u548c\u5609\u7538\u62ff\u516c\u8def\u662f\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u62a4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5374\u662f\u975e\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u6c11\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u8868\u793a\uff0cDVP\u6536\u8d39\uff0c\u5bf9\u9891\u7e41\u4f7f\u7528\u8be5\u8def\u7684\u58eb\u5609\u5821\u5c45\u6c11\u6709\u6b20\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u660e\u5e74\u590f\u79cb\uff0c\u4e00\u4efd\u6709\u5173\u63d0\u9ad8\u5f00\u53d1\u7a0e\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u5c06\u4f1a\u51fa\u7089\u3002\u4f46\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u6566\u4fc3\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6b64\u5e94\u8c28\u614e\u4ece\u4e8b\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u6211\u5e02\u4e0d\u60f3\u6253\u51fb\u5f00\u53d1\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u534e\u88d4\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u9ec4\u65fb\u5357\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u80af\u5b9a\u5e02\u957f\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u660e\u5e74\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u77ed\u7f3a\uff0c\u51b3\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c31\u6b64\u7f62\u4f11\uff0c\u660e\u5e74\u8fd8\u4f1a\u63a8\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u5f81\u7a0e\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e6%\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u7a0e\u6536\u6e20\u9053\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5bf9\u591a\u5e02\u9884\u7b97\u5371\u673a \u7701\u5e9c\u4ecd\u8896\u624b\u65c1\u89c2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u661f\u62a5\u4e13\u8baf\/\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u957f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5e0c\u671b\u7701\u5e9c\u80fd\u591f\u627f\u8bfa\u66f4\u591a\u6b3e\u9879\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u8d70\u51fa\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u5371\u673a\u3002\u4f46\u5230\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u521a\u521a\u83b7\u5f97\u7ade\u9009\u80dc\u5229\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u4ecd\u7136\u8896\u624b\u65c1\u89c2\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e3e\u63aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7701\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6ca1\u6709\u627f\u8bfa\u4efb\u4f55\u65b0\u7684\u8d22\u653f\u63f4\u52a9\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4e0d\u65ad\u5f3a\u8c03\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u505a\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7701\u8d22\u653f\u542c\u957f\u7d22\u4f2f\u62c9(Greg Sorbara)\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u96c5\u5df4(Mike Arbour)\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u4eec\u57288\u6708\u505a\u51fa\u91cd\u5927\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5ba3\u5e03\u52302011\u5e74\uff0c\u627f\u62c5\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u52a9\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u5b89\u7701\u6b8b\u969c\u8d44\u52a9\u8ba1\u5212\u548c\u5b89\u7701\u836f\u54c1\u8865\u8d34\u7684\u5168\u90e8\u8d39\u7528\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u5bf9\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ee3\u88682.17\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u660e\u5e74\u5c06\u83b7\u5f97 3,800\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7701\u5185\u5176\u4ed6\u5e02\u9547\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u660e\u5e74\u67091.35\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u67653\u5e74\u8fd8\u67095.45\u4ebf\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b89\u7701\u5404\u5e02\u9547\u6bcf\u5e74\u5f81\u6536\u7684\u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e\u4e2d\uff0c\u670940\u4ebf\u7528\u4e8e\u652f\u4ed8\u7701\u5185\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u798f\u5229\u3001\u7a77\u4eba\u623f\u5c4b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u8d44\u52a9\u836f\u7269\u8d39\u7528\u3001\u516c\u5171\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6551\u62a4\u8f66\u3001\u65e5\u6258\u548c\u957f\u8005\u670d\u52a1\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u7701\u5e9c\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8d39\u7528\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u8fd9\u6837\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u65e0\u6cd5\u627f\u53d7\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u5e76\u6b63\u5728\u8003\u8651\u5982\u4f55\u5e94\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5ba1\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\u6709\u671b\u5728\u660e\u5e742\u6708\u62163\u6708\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u5de5\u4f5c\u7531\u7701\u5e9c\u3001\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u548c\u5b89\u7701\u5e02\u9547\u534f\u4f1a\u5171\u540c\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u5e02\u9547\u534f\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u5176\u4ed6\u5e02\u9547\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5b89\u7701\u662f\u5168\u56fd\u552f\u4e00\u4f7f\u7528\u90e8\u5206\u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e\u652f\u4ed8\u7701\u5185\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7701\u4efd\u3002\u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e\u672c\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u4fee\u8def\u3001\u94f2\u96ea\u548c\u6536\u96c6\u5783\u573e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fdb\u6b65\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u9886\u8896\u5e84\u5fb7\u5229\u5728\u7ade\u9009\u671f\u95f4\u66fe\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u4f1a\u52a0\u901f\u5ba1\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5728\u5e74\u5e95\u524d\u505a\u51fa\u56de\u5e94\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u5e02\u9547\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u5e76\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u96c5\u5df4\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5ba1\u67e5\u5c06\u7ee7\u7eed\u6309\u8ba1\u5212\u8fdb\u884c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u4eec\u671f\u671b\uff0c\u5ba1\u67e5\u5de5\u4f5c\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5e02\u9547\u89e3\u9664\u66f4\u591a\u8d22\u653f\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7701\u5e9c\u4f1a\u627f\u62c5\u67d0\u4e9b\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u533b\u7597\u670d\u52a1\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u8d39\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5411\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8ba1\u5212\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\u7701\u5e9c\u8d44\u91d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u4e9b\u8d44\u52a9\u5df2\u7ecf\u505a\u51fa\u6216\u9a6c\u4e0a\u8981\u505a\u51fa\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u5c1a\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u7701\u5e9c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u652f\u4ed8\u5e02\u5e9c\u4e00\u7b14\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u9884\u7b97\u5e73\u8861\u3002\u96c5\u5df4\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e0e2003\u5e74\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5bf9\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\u5df2\u7ecf\u589e\u957f\u8d85\u8fc75\u500d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u4e0e\u6240\u6709\u5e02\u9547\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5e02\u5e9c\u5e94\u5148\u5185\u90e8\u524a\u652f\u51cf\u5c11\u6d6a\u8d39.\u674e\u632f\u5149\u9ec4\u65fb\u5357\u5bf9\u65b0\u7a0e\u8bf4\u4e0d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\/\u4e24\u540d\u534e\u88d4\u591a\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u6628\u65e5\u5bf9\u9879\u4e24\u65b0\u7a0e\u4e0d\u7ea6\u800c\u540c\u5730\u8bf4\u4e0d\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4ea6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5e02\u5e9c\u5e94\u5148\u5c3d\u529b\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u90e8\u524a\u652f\u53ca\u51cf\u5c11\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7a0e\u5e94\u662f\u201c\u8d70\u6295\u65e0\u8def\u201d\u4e4b\u6700\u540e\u529e\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5e02\u7b2c41\u9009\u533a\u58eb\u5609\u5821-\u7ea2\u6cb3(Scarborough-Rouge River)\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u674e\u632f\u5149(Chin Lee)\u53cd\u5bf9\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7a0e\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6b64\u7a0e\u5bf9\u4e1a\u4e3b\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e02\u653f\u670d\u52a1\u662f\u7531\u6240\u6709\u5e02\u6c11\u5171\u540c\u4eab\u7528\u3002\u5982\u5e02\u5e9c\u5e93\u623f\u7f3a\u8d44\u652f\u4ed8\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u53ea\u9488\u5bf9\u4e70\u5c4b\u7684\u4e1a\u4e3b\u62bd\u7a0e\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u4eec\u534f\u52a9\u652f\u4ed8\u5168\u6c11\u7686\u53ef\u4eab\u6709\u7684\u670d\u52a1\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u632f\u5149\u539f\u5219\u4e0a\u4ea6\u4e0d\u8d5e\u6210\u5f53\u5c40\u5f15\u5165\u8f66\u8f86\u767b\u8bb0\u7a0e\uff0c\u5e76\u89c6\u6b64\u7a0e\u4e3a\u53e6\u4e00\u7c7b\u201c\u4f7f\u7528\u8d39\u201d(User Fee)\u3002\u674e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u591a\u5e02\u516c\u8f66\u670d\u52a1\u5411\u6765\u662f\u5e02\u90ca\u900a\u4e8e\u5e02\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5728\u5e02\u90ca\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9700\u8981\u9a7e\u9a76\u79c1\u5bb6\u8f66\u51fa\u5165\u3002\u6b64\u7a0e\u867d\u7136\u8868\u9762\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8f66\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8f83\u4f9d\u8d56\u79c1\u5bb6\u8f66\u7684\u5e02\u90ca\u5c45\u6c11\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5c06\u63d0\u8f66\u7a0e\u4fee\u8ba2\u6848<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e02\u957f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u4e3b\u5f20\u5f15\u5165\u6b64\u7a0e\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e94\u82b1\u66f4\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u8be6\u7ec6\u7814\u7a76\u7a0e\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4ece\u73af\u4fdd\u7406\u5ff5\u4e3a\u8003\u8651\u51fa\u53d1\u70b9\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u6c7d\u8f66\u91cd\u91cf\u548c\u5f15\u64ce\u5bb9\u91cf\u8fd9\u4e24\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u5398\u8ba2\u7a0e\u6b3e\u591a\u5c11\u3002\u4e3e\u4f8b\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e00\u8f86\u591a\u529f\u80fd\u8d8a\u91ce\u8f66(SUV)\u6240\u8981\u7f34\u4ed8\u7684\u8f66\u8f86\u767b\u8bb0\u7a0e\u6b3e\u989d\uff0c\u4fbf\u5e94\u9ad8\u51fa\u4e00\u8f86\u65e2\u60ad\u6cb9\u53c8\u73af\u4fdd\u7684\u6df7\u80fd\u6c7d\u8f66\u6240\u4ed8\u7a0e\u6b3e\u3002\u674e\u632f\u5149\u53c8\u8c13\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u6b64\u7a0e\u83b7\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u5c06\u6765\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u4ed6\u662f\u4f1a\u4f5c\u51fa\u4fee\u6539\u63d0\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u5fc5\u5148\u8981\u81f4\u529b\u524a\u51cf\u5185\u90e8\u5f00\u652f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e0d\u65ad\u5411\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u7d22\u94b1\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u5de5\u4f1a\u65e9\u524d\u4ea6\u66fe\u6e38\u8bf4\u4ed6\u652f\u6301\u5e02\u957f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u5f15\u5165\u4e24\u7a0e\uff0c\u4f46\u5de5\u4f1a\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u81ea\u5df2\u4f1a\u600e\u6837\u534f\u52a9\u5e02\u5e9c\u51cf\u8f7b\u5f00\u652f\u91cd\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c34\u9009\u533a\u5f53\u6cb3\u8c37\u4e1c(Don Valley East)\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u9ec4\u65fb\u5357(Denzil Minnan-Wong)\u662f\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u5185\u201c\u53cd\u5bf9\u65b0\u7a0e\u201d\u52bf\u529b\u7684\u4e3b\u5bfc\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u65b0\u7a0e\u5e94\u662f\u5e02\u5e9c\u6700\u540e\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u5e94\u662f\u201c\u9996\u5ea6\u51fa\u51fb\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u201d\u3002\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u6c11\u7a0e\u62c5\u5df2\u5f88\u6c89\u91cd\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u4e0d\u5e94\u767e\u4e0a\u52a0\u65a4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ec4\u65fb\u5357\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u4e0d\u8db3\u95ee\u9898\u6e90\u4e8e\u65e9\u5e74\u7701\u5e9c\u8f6c\u5ac1\u670d\u52a1\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u662f\u5411\u5e02\u6c11\u52a0\u7a0e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c06\u88ab\u8f6c\u5ac1\u670d\u52a1\u4ea4\u56de\u7701\u5e9c\u627f\u62c5\u3002\u9ec4\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u516c\u52a1\u5458\u961f\u4f0d\u8d85\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u85aa\u652f\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5c31\u9ad8\u8fbe7,500\u4e07\u5143\uff1b\u5f53\u5c40\u5728\u7ebe\u89e3\u9732\u5bbf\u95ee\u9898\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u53c8\u82b1\u4e0a2\u4ebf\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u665a\u5e02\u5185\u4f9d\u7136\u6709\u7ea64,500\u4eba\u65e0\u5bb6\u53ef\u5f52\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e9e\u5927\u5f00\u652f\u662f\u5426\u7269\u6709\u6240\u503c\u548c\u6536\u6548\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u4ea7\u751f\u7591\u60d1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ec4\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5e02\u5e9c\u5e94\u518d\u52aa\u529b\u524a\u51cf\u5f00\u652f\u548c\u51cf\u4f4e\u6d6a\u8d39\uff0c\u5c06\u670d\u52a1\u5916\u5224\u7701\u652f\u662f\u53ef\u8003\u8651\u9014\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e1a\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u65b0\u7a0e\u5305\u5728\u552e\u4ef7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\/\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u901a\u8fc7\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7a0e\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u5730\u4ea7\u5546\u4f1a\u8d1f\u8d23\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u9ec4\u67f1\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6cd5\u4f8b\u8981\u5230\u660e\u5e742\u67081\u65e5\u624d\u751f\u6548\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6682\u96be\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u94f6\u7801\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u51c6\u5907\u5728\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u7f6e\u4e1a\u7684\u4e70\u5bb6\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5374\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u697c\u4ef7\u672c\u8eab\u5df2\u76f8\u5f53\u7684\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u5e02\u697c\u623f\u4e70\u5356\u4f1a\u5426\u4ece\u6b64\u51cf\u5c11\uff1f\u9ec4\u67f1\u8bf4\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e1a\u4e3b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c06\u7a0e\u9879\u5305\u5728\u552e\u4ef7\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u53d8\u76f8\u51cf\u4ef7\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\u5e76\u975e\u7f55\u89c1\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8bb8\u591a\u5efa\u7b51\u5546\u5728\u552e\u697c\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5df2\u5c06\u8d27\u52b3\u7a0e(GST)\u5305\u5728\u697c\u4ef7\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e70\u5bb6\u4e0d\u7528\u4e3a\u8d27\u52b3\u7a0e\u70e6\u607c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u6279\u8bc4\u591a\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u81f3\u5e02\u957f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4e24\u53ea\u624b\u5206\u522b\u4f38\u8fdb\u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u5356\u5bb6\u7684\u53e3\u888b\u91cc\u638f\uff0c\u53ef\u8bf4\u662f\u5de6\u53f3\u9022\u6e90\uff0c\u4e24\u9762\u7684\u94b1\u90fd\u62ff\u8d70\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u8d62\u5bb6\uff0c\u697c\u623f\u4e70\u5bb6\u548c\u5356\u5bb6\u90fd\u662f\u8f93\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u6c14\u6124\u96be\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ec4\u67f1\u53c8\u8bf4\uff0c\u5e02\u653f\u5e9c\u8d22\u653f\u77ed\u7f3a\u95ee\u9898\u5f53\u987b\u6b63\u89c6\uff0c\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u5374\u9009\u62e9\u5c06\u5c11\u64ae\u4eba\u8865\u8d34\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u65e0\u7591\u662f\u773c\u5149\u77ed\u6d45\uff0c\u4f46\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u653f\u6cbb\u524d\u9014\u800c\u727a\u7272\u5927\u4f17\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u914d\u505a\u5e02\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7a0e\u6536\u4ecd\u4e0d\u8db3 \u7269\u4e1a\u7a0e\u660e\u6625\u52bf\u52a010\u81f312% \u661f\u62a5\u4e13\u8baf\/\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u957f\u82d7\u5927\u4f1f\u7528\u5c3d\u4e5d\u725b\u4e8c\u864e\u4e4b\u529b\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u6210\u4e86\u8d62\u5bb6\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u6cbe\u6cbe\u81ea\u559c\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u591a\u5e02\u8d22\u653f\u9884\u7b97\u4e3b\u7ba1\u968f\u5373\u516c\u5e03\u4ee4\u4eba\u5fc3\u91cc\u4e00\u6c89\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002 \u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u5468\u4e00\u665a\u901a\u8fc7\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u571f\u5730\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7a0e\u548c\u8f66\u8f86\u767b\u8bb0\u7a0e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e13\u8d23\u76d1\u5bdf\u5e02\u5e9c\u5e74\u5ea6\u9884\u7b97\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u5361\u9732(Shelly Carroll)\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8270\u5de8\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u624d\u521a&#8230;<br \/><a class=\"read-more-button\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=4073\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4073"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4073"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4073\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4073"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4073"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4073"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}