\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66<\/p>\n
\u5bc2\u9759\u9769\u547d\u6b63\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u60a8\u79ef\u6781\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0e\u4fee\u8ba2\u3002\u539f\u6587\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u7dad\u57fa\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bc2\u9759\u7684\u9769\u547d(R\u00e9volution tranquille)\u6307\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5bc2\u9759\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u628a\u6559\u80b2\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff1b
\n\u5730\u65b9\u798f\u5229\uff08?tat-Providence\uff09\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff1b
\n\u6cd5\u8bed\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5f00\u59cb\u6539\u53d8\u5176\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff08\u4ece\u6cd5\u88d4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u5230\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eba\uff09\u3002
\n\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u662f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6539\u9769\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u6559\u80b2\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff1b
\n\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff1b
\n\u5de5\u4f1a\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\uff1b
\n\u653f\u5e9c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u4eba\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u652f\u914d\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff1b
\n\u7535\u7684\u516c\u6709\u5316\u3002
\n\u76ee\u5f55 [\u9690\u85cf]
\n1 \u8d77\u6e90
\n2 Education
\n3 Economic reforms
\n4 Nationalism
\n5 External links
\n6 Important figures
\n7 See also <\/p>\n
[\u7f16\u8f91] \u8d77\u6e90
\n\u5bc2\u9759\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u5f00\u59cb\u65f6\u95f4\u5e76\u65e0\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u8ba9\u00b7\u52d2\u8428\u683c\u4e8e1960\u5e74\u9886\u5bfc\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u5728\u7701\u9009\u4e3e\u80dc\u5229\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6539\u9769\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u4f5c\u5f00\u7aef\u3002\u5bc2\u9759\u9769\u547d\u4f55\u65f6\u7ed3\u675f\u540c\u6837\u4e5f\u65e0\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8ba4\u4e3a1970\u5e7410\u6708\u5371\u673a\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9769\u547d\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f88\u591a\u4e8b\u4ef6\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u8fd9\u6b21\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5148\u5146\u6216\u8005\u524d\u594f\u3002\u5305\u62ec1949\u5e74\u77f3\u68c9\u5de5\u4eba\u7f62\u5de5\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c1955\u5e74\u7684Maurice Richard\u9a9a\u4e71\uff0c\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u56e2\u4f53Les Automatistes\u7b7e\u7f72\u7684\u300a\u5b8c\u5168\u62d2\u7edd\u5ba3\u8a00\u300b\uff08Refus Global\uff09\u4ee5\u53caLes insolences du Fr\u00e8re Untel\uff08\u65e0\u540d\u5f1f\u5144\u7684\u9c81\u83bd\uff09\u7684\u51fa\u7248\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u62a8\u51fb\u4e86\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5728\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u6240\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u3002 \u653f\u6cbb\u671f\u520a\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u57ce\u5e02\u300b\u4e5f\u88ab\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u6279\u5224Duplessis\u653f\u6743\u7684\u8bba\u575b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81ea1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u52301959\u5e74\uff0c\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u754c\u90fd\u88ab\u6781\u4e3a\u4fdd\u5b88\u7684Maurice Duplessis\u548c\u4ed6\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u653f\u515a\u56fd\u6c11\u8054\u76df\u6240\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u800c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u81ea\u65b0\u6cd5\u5170\u897f\u65f6\u4ee3\u5c31\u901a\u8fc7Company of One Hundred Associates\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u7ec4\u7ec7\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u65bd\u52a0\u5f71\u54cd\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5546\u754c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u9662\u5916\u6e38\u8bf4\u96c6\u56e2\u6765\u786e\u4fdd\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6295\u8d44\uff0c\u4ee5\u8ddf\u4e0a\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u6b65\u4f10\u3002\u9b41\u7701\u9009\u4e3e\u9020\u5047\u548c\u8150\u8d25\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\u6709\u53d1\u751f\uff0c\u6559\u5802\u4e3a\u652f\u6301\u9b41\u4eba\u515a\u5ba3\u4f20{lang|fr|Le ciel est bleu, l’enfer est rouge}}\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\uff08\u5929\u7a7a\u4e3a\u84dd\uff0c\u5730\u72f1\u4e3a\u7ea2\uff0d\u6307\u9b41\u4eba\u515a\uff08\u84dd\u515a\uff09\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u515a\uff08\u7ea2\u515a\uff09\uff09\u3002\u7f57\u9a6c\u6559\u5802\u65b9\u9762\u5219\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u8a00\u8bba\u7684\u4e66\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u3002\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5802\u638c\u7ba1\u6cd5\u8bed\u6559\u5b66\u673a\u6784\u548c\u533b\u9662\u3002\u6b64\u5212\u5206\u81f3\u4eca\u8fd8\u6b8b\u7559\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u4e3aDuplessis\u5b64\u513f\u9662\uff08Duplessis\u3000Orphans\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u6574\u4e2a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ece\u5f53\u65f6\u81f3\u4eca\u90fd\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u80fd\u5438\u5f15\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u3002\u540c\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u52a0\u56fd\u540c\u9b41\u7701\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5916\u6765\u98ce\u9669\u6295\u8d44\u6765\u63a8\u52a8\u672c\u5730\u81ea\u7136\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u5f00\u53d1\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u94c1\u77ff\u7684\u53d1\u6398\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fce\u5408\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u94c1\u9700\u6c42\u3002Because of Canada’s, and Quebec’s, small population, capital for investment was, and still is, always in short supply. As such, the country and the province of Quebec’s natural resources were developed by foreign investors willing to risk the investment needed. As an example, iron ore was explored for and its mining developed by the United States-based Iron Ore Company. Because of the agrarian, anti-business policies of the Roman Catholic Church and its Seigneurial system that had been rigidly in place for centuries, it was British immigrants, notably the Scots-Quebecers who invested and built the industrialized economy in Quebec, making it the foremost economic center in Canada and a major force in North America. However, the Roman Catholic Church led the rejection of an industrialization effort by former Premier Louis-Alexandre Taschereau. Because of the failure of the ensuing Duplessis government of Quebec to promote business and to establish university business training for francophones to match the rest of Canada and the U.S., the income levels between rural French workers and those in the growing white collar sector began to widen at a time when Canada was looking to grow. The country followed the massive industrialization and technological innovations going on in the United States while trying to cope with the Great Depression. Thus, because the vast majority of French-Canadians could not participate in business solutions, it increased the number of Canadians from other provinces of Canada willing to fill the void. Historians have referred to this period as the Grande noirceur (Great Darkness), but most will add that this period is often perceived as worse than it was.<\/p>\n
In many ways, Maurice Duplessis’s death in 1959, very soon followed by the sudden death of his successor Paul Sauv\u00e9, served as a trigger for the Quiet Revolution, or rather it unleashed energies that had been held back by the Roman Catholic Church policies for decades. Within a year of Duplessis’s death, the Liberal party was elected with Jean Lesage at its head. The Liberals had campaigned under the very evocative slogans Ma?tres chez nous (Masters of our own house) and Il faut que ?a change (Things have to change).<\/p>\n
[\u7f16\u8f91] Education
\nTo achieve these goals the Lesage government bid largely on an accrued instruction of its population. The Commission Parent was established in 1961 to study the education system and to bring forth recommendations, which eventually led to the adoption of several reforms, the most important of which was the secularization of the education system. Although schools maintained their historical Catholic or Protestant characters, in practice they were secular institutions since the province was now in charge of the school programs. Other reforms included mandatory school attendance until the age of 16 and free instruction until the 11th grade.<\/p>\n
In 1967, C?GEPs were created to offer post-secondary professional public education everywhere in the province. In 1968 the government created the Universit\u00e9 du Qu\u00e9bec network to achieve similar goals for university-level education. Nevertheless, it would be almost twenty years later when quality business programs were put in place in Quebec’s French-language universities that would equal those of universities elsewhere in North America.<\/p>\n
[\u7f16\u8f91] Economic reforms
\nOn the economic level, the government sought to increase francophones’ control of the province’s economic sphere, which, until then, had been largely dominated by English Canadian and American investors.<\/p>\n
Seeking a mandate for its most daring reform, the nationalisation of the province’s electric companies under Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec, the Liberal party called for new elections in 1962. The Liberal party was returned to power with an increased majority in L’assembl\u00e9e nationale du Qu\u00e9bec (National Assembly of Quebec) and within 6 months, Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque, Minister of Natural Resources, enacted his plans for Hydro-Qu\u00e9bec.<\/p>\n
More public institutions were created to follow through with the desire to increase the province’s economic autonomy. The public companies SIDBEC (iron and steel), SOQUEM (mining), REXFOR (forestry) and SOQUIP (petroleum) were created to exploit the province’s abundant natural resources. The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de financement (General financing corporation) was created in 1962 to encourage Quebecers to invest in their economic future and to increase the profitability of small companies. In 1963, in conjunction with the Canada Pension Plan the Government of Canada authorized the Province of Quebec to create its own R\u00e9gie des Rentes du Qu\u00e9bec (Quebec Pension Plan); universal contributions came into effect in 1966. To manage the considerable revenues generated by the RRQ, and to provide the capital necessary for various projects in the public and private sectors, the Caisse de d\u00e9p?t et de placement was created in 1965.<\/p>\n
A new Labour Code (Code du Travail) was adopted in 1964. It made unionising much easier and gave public employees the right to strike. It was during the same year that the Code Civil (Civil Code) was modified to recognise the legal equality of spouses. In case of divorce, the rules for administering the Divorce Act of Canada were retained using Quebec’s old Community property matrimonial regime until 1980 when the new legislation brought an automatic equal division of certain basic family assets between the spouses<\/p>\n
[\u7f16\u8f91] Nationalism
\nThe heightened sense of national capacity and identity provided by the multiple reforms resulted in the transformation of the nationalist discourse of Quebec, stemming from political deadlocks between the governments of Quebec and Ottawa since as far as 1867. It is during the Quiet Revolution that the Canadien(ne)s-fran?ais(es) (French Canadians) became Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois(es), thus marking a distinct evolution from passive nationalism to a more active pursuit of political autonomy. For some, this could be achieved through a reform of the British North America Act, while for sovereignists, the BNAA was considered a null and void act passed by an imperialist foreign power.<\/p>\n
In the 1966 election, a post-Duplessis Union Nationale party ridiculed the rapid changes made by the Liberal government and promised reforms if returned to power under leader Daniel Johnson Sr.. While visiting Montreal for Expo 67, General Charles de Gaulle proclaimed Vive le Qu\u00e9bec libre! in his speech at Montreal City Hall, which gave the Quebec independence movement further impetus. Though the Union Nationale lost the popular vote, they captured a 6-seat majority government. In 1968, the sovereignist Parti Qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois was created with Ren\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque as its leader.<\/p>\n
[\u7f16\u8f91] External links
\nJean Lesage and the Quiet Revolution, 1960-1966
\nThe Quiet Revolution <\/p>\n
[\u7f16\u8f91] Important figures
\nJean Lesage
\nRen\u00e9 L\u00e9vesque
\nPaul G\u00e9rin-Lajoie
\nTh\u00e9r\u00e8se Casgrain
\nPierre Bourgault
\nMichel Chartrand <\/p>\n
[\u7f16\u8f91] See also
\nLe Refus Global
\n?tat qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois
\nQuebec general election, 1960
\nQuebec general election, 1962
\nTimeline of Quebec history
\nQuebec politics
\n\u6765\u81ea\u201chttp:\/\/zh.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E5%AF%82%E9%9D%99%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u767e\u79d1\u5168\u4e66 \u5bc2\u9759\u9769\u547d\u6b63\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u6b22\u8fce\u60a8\u79ef\u6781\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0e\u4fee\u8ba2\u3002\u539f\u6587\u5728\u82f1\u6587\u7dad\u57fa\u3002 \u5bc2\u9759\u7684\u9769\u547d(R\u00e9volution tranquille)\u6307\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9b41\u5317\u514b\u7701\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8fc5\u901f\u53d8\u5316\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\u3002 \u9b41\u5317\u514b\u5bc2\u9759\u9769\u547d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8868\u73b0\uff1a \u628a\u6559\u80b2\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u5206\u79bb\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u524d\u8005\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u548c\u63a7\u5236\uff1b \u5730\u65b9\u798f\u5229\uff08?tat-Provid…
Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[10,19],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/406"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=406"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/406\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}