{"id":3736,"date":"2007-10-09T19:44:55","date_gmt":"2007-10-10T00:44:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=3736"},"modified":"2007-10-09T19:44:55","modified_gmt":"2007-10-10T00:44:55","slug":"20071009%e6%96%b0%e5%88%b6mmp%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e8%bf%90%e4%bd%9c%e5%8f%8a%e6%ad%a3%e5%8f%8d%e6%96%b9%e6%af%94%e8%be%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=3736","title":{"rendered":"20071009\/\u65b0\u5236MMP\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\u53ca\u6b63\u53cd\u65b9\u6bd4\u8f83"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u65b0\u5236\u4e0d\u6613\u660e\u767d \u516c\u6295\u96be\u83b7\u4e94\u6210\u652f\u6301<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\/\u66fe\u5c31\u4eca\u6b21\u5b89\u7701\u516c\u6295\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u6000\u65af\u66fc(Nelson Wiseman)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u770b\u597d\u4eca\u6b21\u516c\u6295\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u66f4\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fde\u83b7\u4e94\u6210\u9009\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5411\u672c\u62a5\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eca\u6b21\u8ddf1995\u5e74\u9b41\u7701\u72ec\u7acb\u6216\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u7981\u9152\u7684\u516c\u6295\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9009\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u660e\u767d\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ea6\u5bf9\u4eca\u6b21\u516c\u6295\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u4e0d\u5927\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u591a\u503e\u5411\u8f83\u719f\u6089\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7ef4\u6301\u719f\u6089\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4eca\u6b21\u516c\u6295\u9009\u7968\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u7528\u5b57\u4e5f\u53ef\u6210\u5173\u952e\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u9009\u6c11\u6216\u8bb8\u4f1a\u88ab\u5f53\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\u5b57\u773c\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u9009\u62e9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7531\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u201d\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8eMMP\u662f\u597d\u662f\u6000\uff0c\u6000\u65af\u66fc\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u65b9\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u5b9e\u884c\u90a3\u79cd\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u662f\u5927\u591a\u6570\u6216\u662f\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u6839\u672c\u653f\u6cbb\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6587\u5316\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u5ec9\u6d01\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u900f\u660e\u517c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6cd5\u5236\u3001\u6d3b\u8dc3\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u79f0\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5b89\u7701\u90fd\u4eab\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0a\u79cd\u79cd\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u540e\u4ea6\u4f1a\u5982\u662f\uff0c\u6545\u91c7\u7528\u4ec0\u4e48\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\uff0c\u53ea\u5c5e\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u8003\u8651\u3002\u4e0d\u8bba\u5b9e\u884c\u4ec0\u4e48\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5b89\u7701\u4ecd\u662f\u4f1a\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u5b9e\u884c\u65b0\u5236\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ea6\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u4f5c\u51fa\u8c03\u8282\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u574f\u4e8b<\/p>\n

\u6000\u65af\u66fc\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u574f\u4e8b\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u4ee3\u8868\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u572860\u5e74\u4ee3\u63a8\u51fa\u7684\u9000\u4f11\u91d1\u548c\u533b\u7597\u4fdd\u5065\u8ba1\u5212\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5728\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u51fa\u53f0\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u591a\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u7eaf\u653f\u5e9c\u4fbf\u4e0d\u80fd\u5e94\u4ed8\u8d22\u8d64\u548c\u56fd\u503a\uff0c80\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5317\u7f8e\u81ea\u7531\u8d38\u6613\u534f\u8bae\u4e5f\u6216\u8bb8\u4e0d\u4f1a\u987a\u5229\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6000\u65af\u66fc\u4e0d\u8bb3\u8a00\uff0c\u5728MMP\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u662f\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u515a\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u5185\u7684\u653f\u515a\u6570\u76ee\u5c06\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u591a\u81f36\u30017\u4e2a\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u5355\u8bae\u9898\u7684\u653f\u515a\u52a0\u5165\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u53ea\u97003%\u7684\u5168\u7701\u5f97\u7968\u4fbf\u53ef\u83b7\u4e00\u5e2d\u3002\u4f46\u76f8\u6bd4\u8d77\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u591a\u5e02\u5730\u533a\u822c\u5927\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u5982\u62c9\u8131\u7ef4\u4e9a\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u591a\u8fbe12\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u800c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u66f4\u6709\u591a\u8fbe18\u4e2a\uff0c\u5b89\u7701\u7684\u653f\u515a\u6570\u76ee\u5e76\u4e0d\u7b97\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e2d\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u540d\u5355\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4efd\u540d\u5355\u867d\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u516c\u5e03\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u5728\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6311\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5c01\u95ed\u5f0f\u540d\u5355\u201d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u516c\u5f00\u63d0\u540d\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u515a\u9b41\u94a6\u70b9\uff0c\u7684\u786e\u662f\u7531\u4e2a\u522b\u653f\u515a\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u4f46\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u9009\u533a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u7684\u63d0\u540d\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u662f\u900f\u660e\u548c\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u53f6\u793c\u5ead(Michael Ignatieff)\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u4fbf\u662f\u6700\u597d\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5426\u51b3\u5176\u4ed6\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u53c2\u9009\u6743\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b20\u5ba3\u4f20\u95e8\u69db\u9ad8 \u65b0\u5236\u6599\u96be\u901a\u8fc7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\/\u81f3\u4e8e\u9009\u6c11\u5e94\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u7701\u5e9c\u5728\u4eca\u6b21\u516c\u6295\u5ba3\u4f20\u5355\u5f20\u4e2d\uff0c\u5219\u5efa\u8bae\u9009\u6c11\u4ee5\u54ea\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u7b80\u5355\u548c\u5b9e\u9645\u3001\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u4e3a\u771f\u6b63\u6c11\u4e3b\u800c\u6539\u5584\u9009\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u3001\u4ee4\u653f\u5ba2\u53ef\u5c31\u5176\u51b3\u7b56\u800c\u8d1f\u8d23\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u80fd\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u9009\u6c11\u610f\u613f\u7b49\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6765\u4f5c\u51fa\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u6b21\u662f\u5b89\u7701\u81ea1921\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u7684\u9996\u6b21\u516c\u6295\uff0c\u4eca\u6b21\u5982\u8981\u6210\u529f\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u662f\u9700\u8981\u5168\u7701\u516d\u6210\u9009\u7968\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u81f3\u5c11\u516d\u6210\u9009\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u4e94\u6210\u9009\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6709\u6279\u8bc4\u6307\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\u5b9a\u5f97\u592a\u9ad8\uff0c\u517c\u4e14\u6709\u5173\u5ba3\u4f20\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4ee4\u516c\u6295\u8f83\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u5351\u8bd7\u7701\u4e8e2005\u5e74\u8fdb\u884c\u540c\u6837\u6539\u5236\u516c\u6295\uff0c\u867d\u83b757%\u7701\u6c11\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u4ecd\u544a\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u56e0\u5c1a\u5dee3%\u624d\u8fbe\u516d\u6210\u652f\u6301\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u7701\u5982\u4eca\u6b21\u987a\u5229\u901a\u8fc7\u6539\u5236\uff0c\u65b0\u5236\u5c06\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0b\u5c4a2011\u5e74\u7684\u7701\u9009\u5b9e\u884c\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u660e\u665a\u4ea7\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4e0b\u5c4a\u7701\u9009\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u65e9\u81f3\u660e\u5e74\u4e3e\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u660e\u65e5\u6295\u7968\u52ff\u5fd8\u516c\u6295\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6<\/strong>
\n\u65b0\u5236\u5229\u5987\u5973\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4 \u6050\u81f4\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u65bd\u653f\u96be<\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\u4e13\u8baf\/\u660e\u65e5\u4e3e\u884c\u7684\u5b89\u7701\u9009\u4e3e\u65e5\uff0c\u5c06\u540c\u65f6\u8fdb\u884c\u5168\u6c11\u516c\u6295\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u9664\u8981\u6295\u7968\u9009\u51fa\u5fc3\u76ee\u4e2d\u7684\u8d24\u80fd\u5916\uff0c\u5e76\u8981\u5c31\u672c\u7701\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5426\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u6df7\u5408\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u201d(Mixed-Member Proportional\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0MMP)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u652f\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7684\u9635\u8425\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u201c\u5f97\u7968\u6700\u591a\u5236\u201d(First-Past-The-Post\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0FPTP)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u53cd\u6620\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u653f\u515a\u53ef\u5728\u5f97\u5230\u5c11\u4e8e\u4e00\u534a\u7684\u6c11\u610f\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7ec4\u6210\u5927\u591a\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4f46\u53cd\u5bf9\u6d3e\u5219\u8b66\u544a\u65b0\u5236\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6216\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4ee4\u5230\u653f\u7b56\u96be\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u53ca\u653f\u5c40\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u66f4\u670939\u540d\u7701\u8bae\u5458\u5e76\u975e\u7531\u6c11\u9009\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u9879\u65b0\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u7531\u6bcf\u9009\u533a\u6240\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5408\u5171103\u4eba\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a1\u540d\u62c5\u4efb\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u524d\u6cd5\u5b98\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d(Citizen’s Assembly)\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc77\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8c18\u8be2\u540e\u800c\u5411\u7701\u5e9c\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u53c2\u7167\u5fb7\u56fd\u548c\u7ebd\u897f\u5170\u7684\u73b0\u884c\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u6240\u8d62\u5f97\u7684\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u5927\u7ea6\u76f8\u7b49\u4e8e\u5176\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u53cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u58eb\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\u65b0\u5236\u53ea\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u65e0\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u53ca\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u653f\u5c40\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u52a9\u957f\u79c1\u4e0b\u534f\u8bae\u7684\u98ce\u6c14\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5546\u8bae\u4f1a\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u62d6\u5ef6\u6216\u505c\u987f\uff0c\u4ee4\u653f\u7b56\u51b3\u5b9a\u9700\u65f6\u66f4\u957f\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u662f3%\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u95e8\u69db\u5b9a\u5f97\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u8fb9\u7f18\u653f\u515a\u4f1a\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u800c\u5de6\u53f3\u653f\u5c40\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u4e8e39\u540d\u5e76\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u7531\u6c11\u9009\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u66f4\u6210\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u53cd\u5bf9\u4eba\u58eb\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u916c\u5eb8\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u8d28\u7591\u80fd\u5426\u771f\u7684\u6709\u5229\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u53ca\u5987\u5973\u53c2\u653f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u9ea6\u9a6c\u58eb\u6253\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u4f2f\u5fb7(Karen Bird)\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5982\u91c7\u7528\u65b0\u5236\uff0c\u6709\u8272\u65cf\u88d4\u5728\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u4f1a\u7531\u73b0\u65f6\u7684\u4ec58.7%\u4e0a\u5347\u81f3\u7ea611.6%\uff1b\u5973\u6027\u5728\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u4ea6\u4f1a\u753125.2%\u589e\u52a0\u81f329.5\u81f332.5%\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u4ecd\u672a\u8fbe\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u4f46\u5219\u4f1a\u66f4\u8d34\u8fd1\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u8272\u65cf\u88d4(19.1%)\u53ca\u5973\u6027(50.9%)\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u6bd4\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u8bae\u4f1a\u201d\u6210\u5458\u5df4\u51ef\u7f57(Catherine Baquero)\u4ea6\u5411\u672c\u62a5\u79f0\uff0c\u65b0\u5236\u5c06\u5e26\u6765\u66f4\u5f3a\u5316\u53ca\u66f4\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u53c2\u653f\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5e76\u975e\u4ee3\u8868\u9009\u533a\u7684\u7701\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u5176\u4ed6\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\u65b0\u5236\u4e2d\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d(List Member)\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u4e0d\u6c11\u4e3b\u201d\u7684\u6210\u5206\u65f6\uff0c\u5979\u8868\u793a\u660e\u767d\u5916\u754c\u5bf9\u8fd939\u540d\u975e\u76f4\u63a5\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u5fe7\u8651\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u662f\u6bcb\u987b\u62c5\u5fc3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6bcf\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u6240\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u540d\u5355\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8981\u5bf9\u9009\u6c11\u4ea4\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u6545\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u4f1a\u5728\u6c11\u4e3b\u53ca\u516c\u5f00\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e2d\u9009\u51fa\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u52a9\u52a0\u5f3a\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u53ca\u5987\u5973\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5916\uff0c\u652f\u6301\u6539\u9769\u7684\u9635\u8425\u66f4\u76f8\u4fe1\u65b0\u5236\u53ef\u4ee4\u9009\u4e3e\u66f4\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9f13\u52b1\u4eba\u4eec\u6295\u7968\uff1b\u800c\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u653f\u515a\u5982\u7eff\u515a\u548c\u5bb6\u5ead\u8054\u76df\u7b49\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u80fd\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u533a\u4e2d\u80dc\u51fa\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8d62\u5f97\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u7684\u8bae\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u675c\u7edd\u5c11\u7968\u7ec4\u591a\u6570\u653f\u5e9c<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eca\u540e\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u6709\u5927\u591a\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u7ecf\u5e38\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u652f\u6301\u800c\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u662f\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7701\u957f\u674e\u535a\u57281990\u5e74\u7701\u9009\u4e2d\u5927\u80dc\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u515a\u53ea\u53d6\u5f9737.6%\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u3002<\/p>\n

\u518d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5c4a\u7701\u9009\u4e3a\u4f8b\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u5f97\u796846.4%\uff0c\u5374\u53ef\u5f9769.9%(72\u5e2d)\uff1b\u800c\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u867d\u5f9714.7%\u7968\u6570\uff0c\u4f46\u4ec5\u5f976.8%\u8bae\u5e2d(7\u5e2d)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u5236\u660e\u663e\u5bf9\u8f83\u5c0f\u653f\u515a\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u6c49\u666e\u987f\u5df2\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8868\u6001\u652f\u6301\u3002\u4e0a\u5c4a\u7701\u9009\u53d6\u5f976%\u652f\u6301\u4f46\u6ca1\u5f97\u8bae\u5e2d\u7684\u7eff\u515a\uff0c\u515a\u9b41\u5fb7\u5bb9\u4ea6\u5531\u597d\u65b0\u5236\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ef\u6539\u5584\u6574\u4f53\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u89c2\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u9ea6\u575a\u8fea\u548c\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u515a\u9b41\u5e84\u5fb7\u5229\uff0c\u867d\u5df2\u516c\u5f00\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6311\u9009\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u7684\u900f\u660e\u53ca\u516c\u5e73\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u5b83\u4f1a\u53cd\u6620\u672c\u7701\u7684\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u65b0\u5236\u5bf9\u8be5\u4e24\u4e3b\u8981\u653f\u515a\u4e0d\u5229\uff0c\u6545\u4ed6\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u6709\u5c31\u65b0\u5236\u6b63\u5f0f\u91c7\u53d6\u7acb\u573a\u3002<\/p>\n

MMP\u5982\u4f55\u8fd0\u4f5c\uff1f<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u5728MMP\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u9009\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u65f6\uff0c\u4e00\u7968\u6295\u7ed9\u9009\u533a\u5019\u9009\u4eba\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u7968\u5219\u6295\u7ed9\u653f\u515a\uff1b\u800c\u7701\u8bae\u5458\u5e2d\u4f4d\u5219\u7531\u73b0\u65f6\u7684107\u5e2d\u589e\u52a0\u81f3129\u5e2d\uff0c90\u5e2d\u662f\u201c\u9009\u533a\u8bae\u5458\u201d(Local Members)\uff0c\u53e639\u5e2d\u4e3a\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d(List Members)\uff0c\u662f\u6309\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u6765\u9009\u51fa\uff0c\u6bcf3%\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u7387\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u4e00\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u572890\u4e2a\u9009\u533a\u8bae\u5e2d\u9009\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u7684\u8bae\u5e2d\u5c11\u4e8e\u5176\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u7387\uff0c\u8be5\u653f\u515a\u53ef\u518d\u83b739\u4e2a\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u8bae\u5e2d\u4e2d\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u8bae\u5e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u786e\u4fdd\u5176\u5728\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u5185\u7684\u603b\u8bae\u5e2d\u6570\u76ee\u6709\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u5206\u914d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b6c\u5982\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u7684\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u670940%\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u8d62\u5f97\u7684\u9009\u533a\u8bae\u5e2d\u6bd4\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e2d\u768440%\u8bae\u5e2d\u6570\u76ee\u4ecd\u5c1110\u5e2d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u4fbf\u4f1a\u4ece\u8be5\u653f\u515a\u5728\u9009\u4e3e\u524d\u516c\u5f00\u768439\u4eba\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u540d\u5355\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u6392\u884c\u999610\u540d\u7684\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u5f53\u9009\uff0c\u586b\u8865\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bae\u5e2d\u4e0e\u5f97\u7968\u7387\u7684\u5dee\u989d\u3002<\/p>\n

MMP\u6b63\u53cd\u610f\u89c1\/\u597d\u574f\u6bd4\u8f83<\/strong><\/p>\n

MMP\u597d\u5904<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u6bcf\u5f20\u9009\u7968\u90fd\u6709\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u9009\u7968\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u9009\u4e3e\u7ed3\u679c\u66f4\u516c\u5e73\u3001\u66f4\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u6c11\u610f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9f13\u52b1\u66f4\u591a\u4eba\u6295\u7968<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u907f\u514d\u6709\u653f\u515a\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5927\u591a\u6570\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\u7ec4\u6210\u5927\u591a\u6570\u653f\u5e9c<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u4f1a\u8003\u8651\u66f4\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u66f4\u5e73\u8861\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u8f83\u5c0f\u7684\u653f\u515a\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u5e26\u6765\u65b0\u89c2\u70b9\u53ca\u601d\u7ef4<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u65b0\u653f\u515a\u7684\u52a0\u5165\u53ef\u9f13\u52b1\u653f\u515a\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u826f\u6027\u7ade\u4e89<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u5f00\u653e\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u8ba9\u66f4\u591a\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u53ca\u5973\u6027\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165<\/p>\n

MMP\u574f\u5904<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u4e0d\u505c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u6216\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u4f1a\u79fb\u5411\u5e55\u540e\u8fdb\u884c\uff0c\u534f\u8bae\u79c1\u4e0b\u8fbe\u6210<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5546\u8bae\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u62d6\u5ef6\u6216\u505c\u987f\uff0c\u4ee4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u9700\u65f6\u66f4\u4e45<\/p>\n

\u02d93%\u7684\u95e8\u69db\u5b9a\u5f97\u592a\u4f4e\uff0c\u5355\u8bae\u9898\u548c\u8fb9\u7f18\u5c0f\u653f\u515a\u6709\u66f4\u5927\u5f71\u54cd\u529b<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u7701\u8bae\u5e2d\u7531107\u5e2d\u52a0\u81f3129\u5e2d\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u7701\u5e9c\u5f00\u652f<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u6bcf\u9009\u533a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u4ee4\u516c\u4f17\u8f83\u96be\u63a5\u89e6\u7701\u8bae\u5458<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u5236\u5ea6\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\uff0c\u8f83\u96be\u8ba9\u9009\u6c11\u660e\u767d<\/p>\n

\u02d9\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u5236\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u515a\u9b41\u59d4\u6d3e\u804c\u52a1\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u524a\u5f31\u515a\u57fa\u5c42\u7684\u6743\u529b<\/p>\n

\u652f\u6301\u4fdd\u7559\u73b0\u884c\u5f97\u7968\u6700\u591a\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8d44\u6df1\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u5458\u6881\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1a\u5c0f\u653f\u515a\u5165\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u9020\u53cd \u6c11\u4e3b\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u6210\u4e0d\u6c11\u4e3b<\/p>\n

\u7701\u5e9c\u4eca\u6b21\u5982\u540c\u5f3a\u8feb\u9009\u6c11\u505a\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5e76\u65e0\u7ed9\u4e88\u516c\u5f00\u8fa9\u8bba\u673a\u4f1a\u3002\u65b0\u5236\u4f1a\u628a\u539f\u6765\u5f88\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u6210\u4e0d\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u5f53\u4e2d\u670939\u540d\u8bae\u5458\u5e76\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u5bf9\u9009\u6c11\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u5411\u653f\u515a\u4ea4\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73b0\u65f6\u7684\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u5df2\u591f\u5927\uff0c\u4e0d\u7528\u6d6a\u8d39\u91d1\u94b1\u518d\u52a0\u8bae\u5e2d\uff1b\u4e00\u4e9b\u201c\u65e0\u8c13\u6d3e\u201d\u5c0f\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u8fdb\u5165\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u9020\u53cd\uff1b\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u6700\u65e0\u80fd\u3001\u6700\u6ca1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u653f\u5c40\u4e0d\u7a33\uff0c\u7ecf\u5e38\u9009\u4e3e\u800c\u6d6a\u8d39\u91d1\u94b1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u653f\u8fdb\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u9ec4\u4e25\u7115\u537f\uff1a\u65b0\u5236\u5c06\u9020\u6210\u7ecf\u5e38\u9009\u51fa\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4ee4\u6267\u653f\u515a\u4e3e\u6b65\u96be\u884c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ea6\u4f1a\u9020\u5c31\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f8b\u5982\u5927\u9ebb\u515a\u7b49\u201c\u7279\u522b\u5229\u76ca\u201d\u7684\u653f\u515a\uff0c\u8ba9\u5b83\u4eec\u6709\u673a\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u653f\u5c40\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u6709\u5927\u6279\u8bae\u5458\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4efb\u4f55\u9009\u533a\uff0c\u6545\u6bcb\u987b\u5411\u9009\u6c11\u8d1f\u8d23\uff0c\u800c\u73b0\u6709\u7684\u9009\u5236\u4e5f\u53ef\u900f\u8fc7\u63d0\u540d\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u589e\u52a0\u5987\u5973\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7701\u5e9c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u51c6\u5907\u5de5\u592b\u505a\u5f97\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u628a\u4eca\u6b21\u516c\u6295\u5f04\u5230\u201c\u4e71\u6652\u5927\u7b3c\u201d\uff0c\u65b0\u5236\u5e94\u6539\u53eb\u201c\u6df7\u4e71\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u652f\u6301\u6df7\u5408\u6bd4\u4f8b\u4ee3\u8868\u5236<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b89\u7701\u534e\u4eba\u53c2\u653f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d\u4f55\u80e1\u666f\uff1a\u65b0\u5236\u589e\u6295\u7968\u610f\u6b32 \u675c\u7edd\u653f\u515a\u72ec\u88c1 <\/p>\n

\u9009\u6c11\u4eca\u6b21\u5e94\u5df2\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u6765\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u6b21\u6539\u5236\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u65b0\u5236\u7531\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u9009\u4eba\u517c\u9009\u515a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u9009\u7968\u88ab\u6d6a\u8d39\u6389\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u5168\u7701\u7684\u6295\u7968\u610f\u5411\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u9009\u6c11\u7684\u6295\u7968\u610f\u6b32\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u5236\u4ea6\u5bb9\u8bb8\u66f4\u591a\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u5982\u7eff\u515a\u7b49\u8f83\u5c0f\u653f\u515a\u8fdb\u5165\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u5c11\u6570\u653f\u5e9c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e2a\u5fe7\u8651\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6709\u653f\u515a\u72ec\u88c1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6781\u7aef\uff0c\u800c\u653f\u515a\u4e3a\u8981\u62c9\u7968\uff0c\u4f1a\u7ed9\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u548c\u5987\u5973\u53c2\u653f\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u6ce8\u516c\u5e73\u8fdb\u5165\u653f\u6cbb\u7a0b\u5e8fThe Reference Group\u6210\u5458\u4f0d\u7d20\u5c4f\uff1a\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u58f0\u97f3\u83b7\u91cd\u89c6\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u6709\u4ee3\u8868\u6027<\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u90fd\u5e0c\u671b\u4e89\u53d6\u65cf\u88d4\u7968\uff0c\u6545\u65b0\u5236\u5c06\u53ef\u8feb\u4f7f\u653f\u515a\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u91cd\u89c6\u65cf\u88d4\u7968\uff0c\u4ee4\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u58f0\u97f3\u88ab\u542c\u89c1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e73\u53cd\u4eba\u5934\u7a0e\u548c\u4e9a\u88d4\u9493\u53cb\u9047\u88ad\u7b49\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u653f\u5ba2\u5ffd\u89c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u653f\u515a\u73b0\u65f6\u90fd\u5728\u5c1d\u8bd5\u591a\u5143\u9762\u5b54\uff0c\u5404\u515a\u5728\u51c6\u5907\u201c\u6307\u5b9a\u8bae\u5458\u201d\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u540d\u5355\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5c3d\u91cf\u505a\u5230\u5bcc\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u53ef\u786e\u4fdd\u66f4\u591a\u5973\u6027\u548c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u8fdb\u5165\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u65b0\u5236\u4e0d\u6613\u660e\u767d \u516c\u6295\u96be\u83b7\u4e94\u6210\u652f\u6301 \u660e\u62a5\/\u66fe\u5c31\u4eca\u6b21\u5b89\u7701\u516c\u6295\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u591a\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6cbb\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u6000\u65af\u66fc(Nelson Wiseman)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u770b\u597d\u4eca\u6b21\u516c\u6295\u80fd\u591f\u6210\u529f\u901a\u8fc7\uff0c\u66f4\u76f8\u4fe1\u8fde\u83b7\u4e94\u6210\u9009\u6c11\u652f\u6301\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u4ea6\u4e0d\u5927\u3002 \u4ed6\u5411\u672c\u62a5\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4eca\u6b21\u8ddf1995\u5e74\u9b41\u7701\u72ec\u7acb\u6216\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6218\u7981\u9152\u7684\u516c\u6295\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u9009\u6c11\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u6613\u660e\u767d\u7684\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ea6\u5bf9\u4eca\u6b21…
Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[14,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3736"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3736"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3736\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3736"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3736"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3736"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}