\uff08\u661f\u661f\u751f\u6d3b\u7279\u7a3f\/\u6377\u514b\u4f73\uff09\uff08\u63a5\u4e0a\u671f\uff09\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e0e\u6b27\u6d32\u5927\u9646\u4e00\u6c34\u76f8\u9694\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u6c34\u57df\u88ab\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5ce1\u3002\u57281066\u5e74\uff0c\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5ce1\u5f7c\u5cb8\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u5730\u533a\uff08\u5373\u4eca\u6cd5\u56fd\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u5730\u533a\uff09\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7fa4\u4eba\u6a2a\u8de8\u6d77\u5ce1\u5165\u4fb5\u82f1\u683c\u5170\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u4e8e\u79f0\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u519b\u961f\u5bf9\u5165\u4fb5\u8005\u594b\u8d77\u53cd\u51fb\u3002\u5728\u4e34\u8fd1\u82f1\u5409\u5229\u6d77\u5ce1\u4e0d\u8fdc\u5904\u7684\u9ed1\u65af\u5b9a\u65af\uff08Hastings\uff09\uff0c\u4e24\u519b\u6fc0\u70c8\u4ea4\u950b\uff0c\u53f2\u79f0\u201c\u9ed1\u65af\u5b9a\u65af\u6218\u5f79\u201d\u3002\u6b64\u5f79\u4ee5\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u4eba\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u544a\u7ec8\uff0c\u76ce\u683c\u9c81-\u6492\u514b\u900a\uff08Anglo-Saxon\uff09\u88d4\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u56fd\u738b\u54c8\u7f57\u5fb7\uff08Harold\uff09\u9635\u4ea1\u3002\u6765\u81ea\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u7684\u5f81\u670d\u8005\u5a01\u5ec9\u516c\u7235\u6210\u4e3a\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u56fd\u738b\u5a01\u5ec9\u4e00\u4e16\uff0c\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u738b\u671d\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c1066\u5e74\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82f1\u8bed\u4e0e\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6218\u4e89<\/strong><\/p>\n \u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u4eba\u5e26\u7ed9\u82f1\u8bed\u81ea\u8bde\u751f\u4ee5\u6765\u6700\u5927\u7684\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u7edf\u6cbb\u6cbb\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u6210\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5bcc\u6709\u7684\u548c\u8fbe\u5b98\u8d35\u4eba\u5747\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u4e61\u4e0b\u7684\u8d2b\u7a77\u767e\u59d3\u5219\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u3002<\/p>\n \u6709\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u8840\u7edf\u7684\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u541b\u4e3b\u548c\u4ed6\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u4eba\u7528\u6cd5\u8bed\u5904\u7406\u671d\u653f\u4e8b\u52a1\uff1b\u57ce\u9547\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e70\u5356\u7269\u54c1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u4ece\u4e8b\u5176\u5b83\u5546\u4e1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\u5747\u64cd\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1b\u519b\u961f\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u9636\u5b98\u5458\u3001\u6559\u5802\u4e2d\u7684\u795e\u804c\u4eba\u5458\u4e5f\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\uff1b\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u6587\u5b66\u4f5c\u54c1\u4ea6\u7528\u6cd5\u6587\u4e66\u5199\u3002\u4e00\u65f6\u95f4\uff0c\u5927\u6709\u505c\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u52bf\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u57281362 \u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u518d\u6b21\u6210\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u5728\u8be5\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7\u7acb\u6cd5\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u5fc5\u987b\u4f7f\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002\u572816\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u53f6\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5f7b\u5e95\u629b\u5f03\u4f7f\u7528\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n \u4f5c\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5b9a\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u88ab\u8feb\u8ba9\u4f4d\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u539f\u56e0\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u767e\u59d3\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bf4\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u5e76\u4e0d\u53bb\u5b66\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u61c2\u5f97\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u53ea\u80fd\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5219\u6cd5\u6587\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6b3e\u5c06\u96be\u4ee5\u6267\u884c\u3002\u5176\u6b21\uff0c\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u4eba\u4e45\u5c45\u751f\u60c5\uff0c\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba4\u5b9a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u4eba\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\u7684\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u8fd8\u5904\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\u56fd\u738b\u7684\u7edf\u6cbb\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u82f1\u6cd5\u4e24\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u4ea6\u5728\u4ea4\u6218\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u4e00\u79cd\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u201d\uff08Black Death\uff0c14\u4e16\u7eaa\u8513\u5ef6\u4e8e\u4e9a\u6b27\u4e24\u6d32\u7684\u9f20\u75ab\uff09\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u81f4\u4f7f\u6570\u5343\u4eba\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u9ed1\u6b7b\u75c5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u6ca1\u6709\u8db3\u591f\u7684\u8bb2\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u586b\u8865\u91cd\u8981\u804c\u4f4d\u7684\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c\u8bb2\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u4e58\u865a\u800c\u5165\u3002<\/p>\n \u5373\u4f7f\u6cd5\u8bed\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5374\u7684\u7684\u786e\u786e\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u6570\u5343\u4e2a\u6cd5\u8bed\u5355\u8bcd\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u64cd\u82f1\u8bed\u8005\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6539\u53d8\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u6cd5\u8bed\u800c\u6539\u53d8\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u65b0\u8bcd\u662f\u539f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u6240\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u65f6\u671f\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e2d\u53e4\u82f1\u8bed\u201d\uff08Middle English\uff09\uff0c\u4e0e\u53e4\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b0\u5f0f\u82f1\u8bed\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u66f4\u4e3a\u63a5\u8fd1\u3002<\/p>\n \u7531\u4e8e\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u4eba\u638c\u63e1\u7edf\u6cbb\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u6743\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0e\u653f\u5e9c\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u8fdb\u5165\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u5305\u62ecpresident, congress, mayor, constitution, city, state, \u548c nation\u3002\u5728\u64cd\u6cd5\u8bed\u8005\u66fe\u8d77\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u4e5f\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u8bcd\u8bed\u5982religion, art, poetry, count, medicine, army, navy, dance, fashion, \u548csociety\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u5219\u4ece\u4e8b\u7b80\u5355\u4ee5\u53ca\u6237\u5916\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0cfarmer, woodsman, fisherman, hunter, \u548c shepherd (\u7267\u7f8a\u4eba) \u90fd\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u6240\u4ece\u4e8b\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u5927\u591a\u662f\u5ba4\u5185\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u80cc\u666f\u6216\u57f9\u8bad\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5982tailor, physician, attorney, carpenter, \u548cplumber \u5747\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n \u7531\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u5730\u4f4d\u6709\u522b\uff0c\u8bf4\u82f1\u8bed\u4e0e\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u4ee5\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u751f\u6d3b\u3002\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u73af\u5883\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5bf9\u8f9b\u52b3\u7684\u519c\u592b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u519c\u573a\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u8089\u98df\u7684\u7272\u755c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6574\u4f53\uff0ccow, calf, pig, \u548csheep\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u6765\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee3\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u4f46\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u64c5\u957f\u53a8\u827a\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u5bf9\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u52a8\u7269\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u98df\u7269\u70f9\u8c03\u4e0e\u4f8d\u670d\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u5c31\u53d8\u4e3abeef, veal, pork \u548cmutton\u3002\u6b63\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u6a2a\u770b\u6210\u5cad\u4fa7\u6210\u5cf0\u201d\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u4e0e\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e4b\u95f4\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u9053\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u9636\u7ea7\u88c2\u75d5\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u6cd5\u8bed\u8bcd\u6c47\u90e8\u5206\u6e90\u81ea\u4e00\u79cd\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff08Latin\uff09\u3002\u6cd5\u8bed\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bcd\u6c47\u4ece\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u8f6c\u5165\u6cd5\u8bed\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u53c8\u6c47\u5165\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u662f\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\uff08Roman\uff09\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u4eba\u4ece\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u7f57\u9a6c\u57ce\u5916\u8fc1\uff0c\u9010\u6e10\u6563\u5e03\u5e76\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6cd5\u56fd\uff0c\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u548c\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u5728\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u4eba\u5165\u4fb5\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u8bcd\u6c47\u7531\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u76f4\u63a5\u8fdb\u5165\u82f1\u8bed\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u62c9\u4e01\u8bcd\u6dfb\u52a0\u8fdb\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5982camp, wine, bishop, \u548cpope\u3002\u968f\u7740\u8bfa\u66fc\u5e95\u4eba\u7684\u638c\u6743\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u5bf9\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u660e\u663e\u589e\u5f3a\u3002<\/p>\n 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