\u660e\u62a5\/\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u6d89\u5acc\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e02\u653f\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u4ece\u4eca\u5e749\u67085\u65e5\u8d77\u5c55\u5f00\u516c\u5f00\u8046\u8baf\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u5c06\u6210\u4e3a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fa\u5ead\u5e94\u8baf\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6cd5\u5b98\u88c1\u5b9a\u798f\u7279\u8fdd\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u5e02\u957f\u7684\u516c\u804c\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6cd5\u5b98\u54c8\u5170\u5fb7(Charles T. Hackland)\u5df2\u5728\u6628\u5929\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8046\u8baf\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4ece9\u67085\u65e5\u8d77\u4e00\u8fde3\u5929\u5ba1\u7406\u8be5\u5b97\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u4e3a\u793a\u516c\u5141\uff0c\u5b89\u7701\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\u7279\u610f\u5c06\u8be5\u5b97\u6848\u4ef6\u4ea4\u7ed9\u5e38\u9a7b\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u7684\u6cd5\u5b98\u54c8\u5170\u5fb7\u6765\u5ba1\u7406\u3002\u5c4a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u4e13\u7a0b\u6765\u5230\u591a\u5e02\u5ba1\u7406\u6b64\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n
\u591a\u5e02\u5546\u4eba\u9a6c\u5947(Paul Magder)\u5728\u4eca\u5e743\u6708\u59d4\u6258\u5f8b\u5e08\u9c81\u6bd4(Clayton Ruby)\u5165\u7980\u5b89\u7701\u9ad8\u7b49\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u63a7\u544a\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u5e02\u5e9c\u8d44\u6e90\uff0c\u7528\u4f5c\u5411\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u6148\u5584\u57fa\u91d1\u7b79\u52df\u6350\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u9a6c\u5947\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5f8b\u5e08\u9c81\u6bd4\u5728\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e66\u4e2d\uff0c\u6307\u63a7\u798f\u7279\u57282010\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e02\u653f\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u5176\u9769\u804c\uff0c\u5e76\u7981\u6b62\u5176\u5728\u672a\u67657\u5e74\u5185\u7ade\u9010\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u5e2d\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8be5\u5b97\u8bc9\u8bbc\u6e90\u4e8e\u798f\u7279\u57282010\u5e74\u4efb\u804c\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u66fe\u4ee5\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u52a8\u7528\u5e02\u5e9c\u6807\u8bb0\u53ca\u8d44\u6e90\u53d1\u4fe1\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5e02\u6c11\u5411\u4ed6\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\u201c\u798f\u7279\u7f8e\u5f0f\u8db3\u7403\u57fa\u91d1\u201d\u6350\u6b3e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u5e02\u5e9c\u7684\u64cd\u5b88\u4e13\u5458\u88c1\u5b9a\u5176\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u7684\u64cd\u5b88\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u8fd8\u88ab\u6307\u4ee4\u8981\u5411\u6350\u6b3e\u8005\u9000\u8fd83,150\u5143\u7684\u6350\u6b3e\u3002<\/p>\n
\u798f\u7279\u5728\u5176\u540e\u8981\u6c42\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u63a8\u7ffb\u64cd\u5b88\u4e13\u5458\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u4f46\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u4ee526\u7968\u5bf910\u7968\u7684\u8868\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8d5e\u6210\u63a5\u7eb3\u64cd\u5b88\u4e13\u5458\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u9000\u8fd8\u8be5\u7b14\u6350\u6b3e\u3002\u591a\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u5728\u4eca\u5e742\u6708\u53ec\u5f00\u7684\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u518d\u5ea6\u5c31\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8bae\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u8fa9\u8bba\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e86\u76f8\u5173\u52a8\u8bae\u7684\u6295\u7968\u3002\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4ee522\u7968\u5bf912\u7968\u7684\u8868\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u64cd\u5b88\u4e13\u5458\u65e9\u524d\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u798f\u7279\u6bcb\u987b\u507f\u8fd8\u8be5\u7b143,150\u5143\u7684\u6350\u6b3e\uff0c\u800c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u4ea6\u4e0d\u518d\u5c31\u4e8b\u4ef6\u91c7\u53d6\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5bf9\u6b64\uff0c\u9a6c\u5947\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5f8b\u5e08\u9c81\u6bd4\u5728\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u5df2\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u540d\u65b0\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u660e\u77e5\u6545\u72af\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d89\u53ca\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u52a8\u8bae\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u5e76\u5c31\u8be5\u9879\u52a8\u8bae\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u5e02\u653f\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6761\u4f8b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u503c\u5f97\u4e00\u63d0\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u7684\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5df2\u5728\u6628\u5929\u5c31\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6848\u4ef6\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u7b80\u77ed\u7684\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5185\u5bb9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u201c\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u5bf9\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u591a\u5e02\u7684\u5f31\u52bf\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u611f\u5230\u9a84\u50b2\uff0c\u5e02\u957f\u671f\u5f85\u81ea\u5df1\u51fa\u5ead\u5e94\u8baf\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u5c55\u5f00\u8046\u8baf\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e02\u957f\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d1\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u8bae\u9898 \u53c2\u4e88\u8868\u51b3\u798f\u7279\u88ab\u4f20\u53ec\u4e0a\u5ead\u5e94\u8baf<\/strong><\/p>\n \u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\/\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u4eca\u5e742\u6708\u5728\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u5185\uff0c\u53c2\u4e88\u8868\u51b3\u4e00\u9879\u4e0e\u4ed6\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u88ab\u6307\u8fdd\u53cd\u300a\u5b89\u7701\u5e02\u653f\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u300b(Ontario’s Municipal Conflict of Interest Act )\u3002\u5b89\u7701\u6cd5\u5b98Charles Hackland\u51b3\u5b9a\u4f20\u53ec\u4ed6\u51fa\u5ead\u4f5c\u4f9b\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u56fd\u5185\u8457\u540d\u5f8b\u5e08Clayton Ruby\u7684\u76d8\u95ee\uff0c\u505a\u6cd5\u7f55\u89c1\u3002\u5982\u6cd5\u5ead\u5224\u51b3\u6307\u63a7\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u6216\u987b\u8f9e\u4efb\u5e02\u957f\u4e00\u804c\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u4e03\u5e74\u5185\u4e0d\u5f97\u91cd\u8fd4\u8bae\u4f1a\u3002\u4e8b\u60c5\u59cb\u4e8e\u798f\u7279\u88ab\u6307\u4ee5\u4e0d\u9002\u5408\u7684\u624b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u8db3\u7403\u57fa\u91d1\u7b79\u5f973,150\u5143\uff0c\u4eca\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u4f1a\u5c31\u4ed6\u5e94\u5426\u5411\u6350\u6b3e\u8005\u548c\u673a\u6784\u5f52\u8fd8\u6709\u5173\u6b3e\u9879\u8fdb\u884c\u8868\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u65f6\u798f\u7279\u66fe\u6e38\u8bf4\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u652f\u6301\u4ed6\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5584\u6b3e\u5df2\u7528\u4e8e\u4e3a\u5b66\u6821\u8db3\u7403\u961f\u6dfb\u7f6e\u5668\u6750\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u638f\u8170\u5305\u8fd8\u6b3e\uff0c\u540e\u66f4\u6295\u4e0b\u53cd\u5bf9\u7968\uff0c\u6d89\u5acc\u89e6\u72af\u300a\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\u4e0d\u80fd\u5c31\u4e0e\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u53d1\u8a00\u548c\u8868\u51b3\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n Ruby\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u662f\u8d44\u6df1\u7684\u5e02\u8bae\u5458\uff0c\u7406\u5e94\u719f\u6089\u6709\u5173\u6761\u4f8b\uff0c\u552f\u82e5\u4ed6\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u8be5\u6b21\u9519\u8bef\u5c5e\u4e8e\u65e0\u5fc3\u4e4b\u5931\uff0c\u5219\u65e0\u987b\u8f9e\u804c\u3002<\/p>\n \u8bbc\u8bc9\u7531\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u6c11Paul Magder\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5e76\u900f\u8fc7\u4e00\u76f4\u6311\u6218\u798f\u7279\u7684\u7ade\u9009\u5f00\u652f\u7684\u5de6\u503e\u793e\u4f1a\u6d3b\u52a8\u5bb6\u5f17\u767b\u585e\u52d2(Adam Chaleff-Freudenthaler)\u63a5\u89e6Ruby\u3002<\/p>\n \u798f\u7279\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5c31\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u8868\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u6307\u201c\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u4e3a\u5e2e\u52a9\u591a\u5e02\u7684\u5f31\u52bf\u9752\u5e74\u800c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u5f15\u4ee5\u4e3a\u8363\uff0c\u4ed6\u671f\u5f85\u51fa\u5ead\u5e94\u8baf\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e8b\u60c5\u5df2\u8fdb\u5165\u53f8\u6cd5\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u53d1\u8868\u4efb\u4f55\u8bc4\u8bba\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u8d44\u6599\u6765\u6e90\uff1a\u661f\u62a5<\/p>\n \u6d89\u5229\u76ca\u51b2 \u798f\u72799\uff0e5\u51fa\u5ead<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e16\u754c\u65e5\u62a5\/\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u4eca\u5e749\u67085\u65e5\u5c06\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u88ab\u63a7\u7684\u6d89\u5acc\u89e6\u72af\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7f6a\u540d\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n \u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u6c11\u9a6c\u683c\u5fb7\uff08Paul Magder\uff09\u4eca\u5e743\u6708\u59d4\u6258\u5f8b\u5e08\u6307\u63a7\u798f\u7279\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u5b89\u7701\u5e02\u9547\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u5c06\u798f\u7279\u89e3\u804c\u3002<\/p>\n 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\u5e02\u6c11\u9a6c\u683c\u5fb7\u59d4\u6258\u5f8b\u5e08\u9c81\u6bd4\uff08Clayton Ruby\uff09\u4e3a\u6b64\u5230\u5b89\u7701\u6cd5\u9662\u63a7\u544a\u798f\u7279\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u63a7\u798f\u7279\u89e6\u72af\u4e86\u5b89\u7701\u5e02\u9547\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u6cd5\u4ee4\uff0c\u798f\u7279\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u88ab\u89e3\u804c\u5e76\u88ab\u7981\u6b62\u53c2\u52a02014\u5e74\u7684\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5e02\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n \u66fe\u662f\u8db3\u7403\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\u7684\u798f\u7279\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u6765\u62c5\u4efb\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u4e00\u5c11\u5e74\u4e1a\u4f59\u8db3\u7403\u961f\u7684\u5fd7\u613f\u6559\u7ec3\u3002\u4ed624\u65e5\u5728\u4e00\u4efd\u58f0\u660e\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u81ea\u5df1\u4e3a\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5f31\u52bf\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u611f\u5230\u9a84\u50b2\u3002<\/p>\n 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