\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u97f3\/\u56e01989\u5e74\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u800c\u6d41\u4ea1\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e8c\u5341\u4e09\u5e74\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u6e98\u7136\u800c\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f15\u8d77\u8ffd\u6c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u4e00\u7247\u550f\u5618\u548c\u54c0\u75db\u3002\u4f46\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u4eba\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f4d\u540c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5531\u5bf9\u5934\u620f\u7684\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u7f8e\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9986\u4e4b\u906d\u9047\uff0c\u548c\u76ee\u524d\u63a5\u53d7\u201c\u8c03\u67e5\u201d\u7684\u91cd\u5e86\u526f\u5e02\u957f\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u6210\u90fd\u603b\u9886\u9986\u4e4b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7adf\u7136\u6709\u7740\u5f88\u591a\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002 <\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u6559\u6388\u662f4\u67086\u65e5\u5728\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5dde\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7a81\u7136\u53bb\u4e16\u7684\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7476\u5c81\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u6216\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fd1\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u4e2d\u5916\u4eba\u58eb\u65e0\u4e0d\u5bf9\u6b64\u611f\u5230\u7a81\u7136\u548c\u60b2\u75db\u3002\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u57281989\u5e7464\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u88ab\u9547\u538b\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u505c\u7559\u4e86\u5f88\u957f\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u3002 <\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u90fd\u66fe\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u9a7b\u534e\u673a\u6784 <\/p>\n \u5c31\u5728\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u53bb\u4e16\u524d\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f2\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u91cd\u5e86\u526f\u5e02\u957f\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u4e5f\u662f\u7a81\u7136\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u6210\u90fd\u603b\u9886\u9986\uff0c\u917f\u6210\u8f70\u52a8\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002 <\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u548c\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5f02\u540c\u3002\u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u90fd\u4ee5\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u53ea\u505c\u7559\u4e86\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u906d\u5230\u62d2\u7edd\u540e\uff0c\u81ea\u52a8\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u88ab\u4e2d\u5357\u6d77\u5e26\u8d70\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u8c03\u67e5\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5219\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u6279\u51c6\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u4e2d\u505c\u7559\u4e86384\u5929\u5e76\u6700\u7ec8\u6210\u529f\u6765\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002 <\/p>\n \u76f8\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u8fd8\u6709\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u548c\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u5efa\u653f\u4ee5\u6765\u4ee5\u201c\u7279\u6b8a\u201d\u65b9\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9886\u9986\u7684\u201c\u4ec5\u6709\u201d\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5e72\u90e8\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u662f\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u662f\u526f\u90e8\u7ea7\u9ad8\u5e72\uff0c\u73b0\u4efb\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\uff1b\u800c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u662f\u201c\u56e0\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u201d\u800c\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5f00\u9664\u4e86\u515a\u7c4d\u7684\u524d\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u6821\u957f\u3002 <\/p>\n 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\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e5f\u66fe\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u7eb3\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b <\/p>\n \u6208\u8328\u57282\u670821\u65e5\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u7bc7\u62a5\u9053\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u548c\u4e0a\u6b21\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u7684\u5f85\u9047\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u3002\u201d\u6208\u8328\u62a5\u9053\u8bf4\uff0c1989\u5e74\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u603b\u7edf\u8001\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\u88ab\u8bf7\u8fdb\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u5e87\u62a4\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u4f7f\u9986\u505c\u7559\u4e8613\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u653e\u4ed6\u6765\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n \u6208\u8328\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e3a\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6240\u8bc1\u5b9e\uff08\u524d\u603b\u7edf\u8001\u5e03\u4ec0\u3001\u5176\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u52a9\u7406\u65af\u8003\u514b\u7f57\u592b\u7279\u3001\u524d\u9a7b\u534e\u5927\u4f7f\u674e\u6d01\u660e\u3001\u524d\u9a7b\u534e\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u5b5f\u6377\u6155\u7b49\u591a\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8fdb\u5165\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u5e87\u62a4\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u906d\u5230\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u7684\u5f85\u9047—-\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u4e86\u3002 <\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u53bb\u5e74\u66fe\u53d1\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u8bf4\uff0c\u516d\u56db\u5f00\u67aa\u9547\u538b\u540e\uff0c\u201c6\u67085 \u65e5\u665a\uff0c\u674e\u6dd1\u5a34\u548c\u6211\u4f4f\u5728\u5efa\u56fd\u996d\u5e97\u3002\u534a\u591c\uff0c\u7535\u8bdd\u94c3\u54cd\uff0c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4ee3\u529e\u8584\u745e\u5149\uff08Raymond Burghardt\uff09\uff082006\u5e74\u62c5\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u53f0\u534f\u4f1a\u4e3b\u5e2d—\u8bb0\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u6253\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u6025\u5306\u5306\u5730\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u4e0b\u5348\u89c1\u5230\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\u8584\u745e\u5149\uff0c\u6b22\u8fce\u4f60\u4eec\u6765\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4f4f\uff0c\u4f60\u4eec\u662f\u5e03\u4ec0\u603b\u7edf\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u540c\u610f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9a6c\u4e0a\u5f00\u8f66\u53bb\u63a5\u4f60\u4eec\u3002\u201d <\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff0c\u8584\u745e\u5149\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u548c\u4e0b\u5348\u4ed6\u4eec\u66fe\u5230\u4f7f\u9986\u65f6\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u201c\u6709\u4e86180\u5ea6\u5927\u8f6c\u5f2f\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u90a3\u5929\uff086\u67085\u65e5\uff09\u4e0b\u5348\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5728Perry Link (\u6797\u57f9\u745e)\uff08\u4e2d\u56fd\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u8005\u3001\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6cb3\u8fb9\u5206\u6821\u6559\u6388\u3001\u5f53\u65f6\u62c5\u4efb\u7f8e\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u4e2d\u56fd\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u4e3b\u4efb—\u8bb0\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u966a\u540c\u4e0b\u53bb\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u60f3\u5728\u90a3\u91cc\u6682\u4f4f\u51e0\u5929\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e21\u8fc7\u52a8\u8361\u4e0d\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u5c40\u3002\u8584\u745e\u5149\u63a5\u5f85\u4e86\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u674e\u6d01\u660e\u5927\u4f7f\u548c\u592b\u4eba\u838e\u8389(Sally)\u521a\u5230\u5317\u4eac\uff0c\u5c1a\u672a\u642c\u5165\u5927 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\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u540e\u6765\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u6001\u5ea6\u5927\u53d8\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u6765\u81ea\u534e\u76db\u987f\u7684\u3002\u5f53\u5929\u4e0b\u5348\uff08\u7f8e\u4e1c\u65f6\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u6770\u5f17\u91cc.\u8d1d\u5fb7Jeffrey Bader\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5168\u4e8b\u52a1\u8d44\u6df1\u4e9a\u6d32\u9879\u76ee\u4e3b\u4efb—\u8bb0\u8005\u6ce8\uff09\u5f97\u77e5\u9a7b\u4eac\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u201c\u4e0d\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u4f5c\u4e3a\u540e\uff0c\u706b\u4e86\uff0c\u6025\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u8981\u7acb\u5373\u7ed9\u9a7b\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ea4\u5f85\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u8d1d\u5fb7\u4e00\u65f6\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u4fdd\u5bc6\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f 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\u674e\u6d01\u660e\u57281989\u5e747\u6708\u7ed9\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u9080\u8bf7\u6765\u8d74\u5bb4\u7684\u5ba2\u4eba\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u8dd1\u5230\u7f8e\u56fd\u4f7f\u9986\u6765\u907f\u96be\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8fd8\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u201c\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5728\u4eba\u6743\u65b9\u9762\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u8c61\u5f81\u201d\u3002 <\/p>\n \u674e\u6d01\u660e1989\u5e747\u6708\u7ed9\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\u62a5\u544a\u73b0\u5728\u5df2\u89e3\u5bc6\uff0c\u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\u5728\u6b64\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.gwu.edu\/~nsarchiv\/NSAEBB\/NSAEBB47\/doc11.pdf <\/p>\n 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\u8fdb\u5165\u4f7f\u9986\u5f53\u665a\uff0c\u65b9\u6c0f\u4e09\u53e3\u6682\u4f4f\u4e00\u95f4\u50a8\u85cf\u5ba4\u3002\u4e0d\u6599\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u767d\u5bab\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u6cc4\u6f0f\u5929\u673a\uff0c\u674e\u6d01\u660e\u5413\u4e86\u4e00\u8df3\uff0c\u8d76\u5fd9\u53e6\u8f9f\u4e00\u5904\u5b89\u7f6e\u65b9\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e25\u9632\u4f7f\u9986\u5185\u4e2d\u56fd\u7c4d\u804c\u5458\u7684\u4e0d\u8f68\u3002\u5730\u70b9\u5728\u5b98\u90b8\u540e\u65b9\u3001\u533b\u62a4\u5ba4\u7684\u540e\u5934\uff0c\u7d27\u90bb\u4f7f\u9986\u5916\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u6b66\u8b66\u5c97\u54e8\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u88c5\uff0c\u4efb\u8c01\u4e5f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n \u6700\u7d27\u5f20\u7684\u4e00\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u5728\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u4e5d\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u5e95\u81f3\u4e03\u6708\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e2d\u60c5\u5c40\u9999\u6e2f\u60c5\u62a5\u7ad9\u622a\u83b7\uff0c\u5927\u9646\u516c\u5b89\u8003\u8651\u52a8\u7528\u7a81\u51fb\u961f\uff0c\u51b2\u8fdb\u4f7f\u9986\u52ab\u4eba\u3002\u674e\u6d01\u660e\u7d27\u6025\u56de\u62a5\u56fd\u52a1\u9662\u8b66\u544a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9a7b\u7f8e\u5927\u4f7f\u97e9\u53d9\uff0c\u4e2d\u65b9\u82e5\u8f7b\u4e3e\u5984\u52a8\uff0c\u7f8e\u4e2d\u5173\u7cfb\u5c31\u4e0d\u7528\u8c08\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n \u5b63\u8f9b\u5409\u5728\u4e66\u4e2d\u56de\u5fc6\uff0c\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u521d\u4ed6\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u4e0e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8fbe\u6210\u4e00\u9879\u4ea4\u6362\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u9a71\u9010\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\uff0c\u6362\u53d6\u534e\u5e9c\u89e3\u9664\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u88c1\u3002\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5219\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u770b\u8fc7\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4f1a\u8c08\u8981\u70b9\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5728\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u201c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u5f97\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u201d\u3002\u9093\u53ea\u8bf4\uff0c\u8981\u201c\u4e00\u6b21\u201d\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u5305\u542b\u653e\u4eba\u548c\u89e3\u9664\u5236\u88c1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5e94\u8be5\u548c\u5b63\u8f9b\u5409\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u89e3\u51b3\u5236\u88c1\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6062\u590d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d37\u6b3e\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5fc5\u987b\u9080\u8bf7\u6c5f\u6cfd\u6c11\u8bbf\u7f8e\u3002\u540c\u65f6\u9093\u8981\u7f8e\u65b9\u8981\u6c42\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5199\u6094\u8fc7\u4e66\uff0c\u8a93\u8a00\u8d74\u7f8e\u540e\u4e0d\u505a\u4efb\u4f55\u53cd\u4e2d\u8a00\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n \u7f8e\u65b9\u542c\u4e86\u5f88\u4e3a\u96be\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u9a71\u9010\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u5236\u88c1\u4e0d\u80fd\u6df7\u4e3a\u4e00\u8c08\uff1b\u6094\u8fc7\u4e66\u7f8e\u65b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u8981\u6c42\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5199\uff0c\u54ea\u6709\u4e3b\u4eba\u8981\u6c42\u5ba2\u4eba\u5199\u6094\u8fc7\u4e66\u4e4b\u7406\uff1f\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u77e5\u9053\u540e\u8868\u660e\u613f\u610f\u5199\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u592a\u4e86\u89e3\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u68c0\u8ba8\u6587\u5316\u201d\uff0c\u6b64\u975e\u7f8e\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u6240\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5316\u89e3\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n \u5176\u5b9e\u53cc\u65b9\u5e76\u672a\u5b8c\u5168\u8c08\u62e2\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u540e\u201c\u8fd8\u662f\u90a3\u6837\u89e3\u51b3\u7684\u201d\u3002\u6839\u636e\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u65e5\u672c\u8bf4\u613f\u610f\u51fa\u9762\uff0c\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u201c\u653e\u4eba\u201d\uff08\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5168\u5bb6\uff09\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u5c31\u6062\u590d\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u8d37\u6b3e\uff08\u5373\u89e3\u51b3\u5236\u88c1\uff09\uff0c\u7ea6\u4e94\u5341\u591a\u4ebf\u7f8e\u5143\u3002\u5168\u6848\u6700\u540e\u7531\u6b64\u843d\u5e55\u3002<\/p>\n \u8c01\u662f\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\uff1f\u4fe1\u606f\u5c4f\u853d\u653f\u7b56\u4f7f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4f17\u96c6\u4f53\u5931\u53bb\u8bb0\u5fc6<\/strong><\/p>\n \u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u97f3\/\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u591622\u8f7d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u661f\u671f\u4e94\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u53bb\u4e16\u3002\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5f00\u542f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u6c11\u667a\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5f53\u4eca\u4e2d\u56fd\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u5bf9\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\u5e76\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6839\u672c\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u5176\u4eba\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u5a92\u4f53\u5bf9\u65b9\u901d\u4e16\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u4e5f\u9c9c\u6709\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5404\u5927\u5fae\u535a\u5df2\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\u5bf9\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u7684\u641c\u7d22\u3002<\/p>\n *\u66fe\u5f00\u542f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u6c11\u667a*<\/p>\n \u65c5\u5c45\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3001\u8457\u540d\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b4\u67086\u53f7\u5728\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5dde\u7684\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7a81\u7136\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7476\u5c81\u3002\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u66fe\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u4ed6\u572880\u5e74\u4ee3\u5021\u8bae\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u4e89\u53d6\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u516c\u5f00\u4e0a\u4e66\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u91ca\u653e\u6c11\u8fd0\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u66fe\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u70b9\u540d\u6279\u5224\uff0c\u88ab\u5f00\u9664\u515a\u7c4d\u300289\u5e74\u516d\u56db\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u53d1\u51fa\u901a\u7f09\uff0c\u7f6a\u540d\u662f\u717d\u52a8\u5b66\u751f\u52a8\u4e71\u3002\u65b9\u643a\u59bb\u5728\u7f8e\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9986\u6ede\u7559\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5f97\u4ee5\u53d6\u9053\u82f1\u56fd\u6d41\u4ea1\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c22\u8f7d\u540e\u5ba2\u6b7b\u5f02\u4e61\u3002<\/p>\n \u516d\u56db\u5b66\u8fd0\u9886\u8896\u738b\u4e39\u8868\u793a\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5bfc\u5e08\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u77e5\u540d\u6c11\u8fd0\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u90fd\u79f0\u66fe\u53d7\u5230\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8a00\u8bba\u3001\u8457\u4f5c\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u542f\u8499\u548c\u9f13\u821e\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4eca\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4e00\u4ee3\u5374\u5bf9\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5176\u4eba\u5176\u4e8b\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n *\u6709\u5174\u8da3\u65e0\u6280\u672f*<\/p>\n 27\u5c81\u7684\u5de9\u5065\u7537\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u4e00\u5bb6\u533b\u9662\u7684\u533b\u751f\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u97f3\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8868\u793a\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u5bf9\u516d\u56db\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e5f\u77e5\u4e4b\u751a\u5c11\u3002\u5979\u8bf4\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0d\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5174\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u201c\u7ffb\u5899\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n \u5de9\u5065\u7537\u8bf4:\u201c\u5982\u679c\u6709\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5f53\u7136\u60f3\u770b\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u4e24\u5929\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u90a3\u4e2a\u91cd\u5e86\u738b\u7acb\u519b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u561b\uff0c\u6211\u5c31\u7279\u522b\u60f3\u770b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u60c5\u521a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5728\u7f51\u4e0a\u627e\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5e16\u5b50\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u4e0d\u5f00\u4e86\u3002\u867d\u7136\u6211\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u6bd4\u8f83\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u6e20\u9053\u6765\u5f97\u77e5\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53d1\u5c55\u7684\u8fdb\u7a0b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4f1a\u7ffb\u5899\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6211\u5f53\u7136\u4f1a\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u5de9\u5065\u7537\u8bf4\uff0c\u5979\u5e73\u5e38\u4e5f\u4e0d\u600e\u4e48\u770b\u5b98\u5a92\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b98\u65b9\u65b0\u95fb\u201c\u5c06\u4fe1\u5c06\u7591\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n *\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u53d7\u632b\u4e0d\u8c08\u8bba\u653f\u6cbb*<\/p>\n \u6765\u81ea\u79e6\u7687\u5c9b\u7684\u738b\u5148\u751f\u4eca\u5e7436\u5c81\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u97f3\u8bb0\u8005\u8bf4\uff0c\u542c\u8bf4\u8fc7\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6709\u5173\u4ed6\u7684\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u542c\u8bf4\u4ed6\u901d\u4e16\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n \u738b\u5148\u751f\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u60f3\u60f3\u554a\uff0c\u8fd9\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5f88\u4e45\u4ee5\u524d\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\u5427\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u597d\u50cf\u8fd8\u633a\u654f\u611f\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5e74\u5934\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u5f97\u68b3\u7406\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u597d\u50cf\u516d\u56db\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4ed6\u597d\u50cf\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u8a00\u8bba\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u633a\u90a3\u4e2a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7684\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u597d\u50cf\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5177\u4f53\u4ec0\u4e48\u8a00\u8bba\u6211\u4e5f\u8bb0\u4e0d\u4f4f\u4e86\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u4ed6\u5c31\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5178\u578b\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4ed6\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u597d\u50cf\u90fd\u88ab\u5c4f\u853d\u4e86\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u7684\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8bb0\u5fc6\u91cc\u4e5f\u5feb\u63a5\u8fd1\u6d88\u706d\u4e86\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u738b\u5148\u751f\u8bf4\uff0c89\u5e74\u516d\u56db\u5b66\u8fd0\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8fd8\u5728\u8bfb\u521d\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5f00\u59cb\u8bf4\u5b9e\u8bdd\u6ca1\u6709\u5173\u6ce8\u516d\u56db\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u542c\u8bf4\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u5230\u5e7f\u573a\u4e0a\u7edd\u98df\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e00\u79cd\u633a\u8fc7\u6fc0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u540e\u6765\u53c8\u542c\u8bf4\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u66f4\u8fc7\u6fc0\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u5177\u4f53\u4ec0\u4e48\u65b9\u5f0f\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u5173\u4fe1\u606f\u90fd\u662f\u5c4f\u853d\u6389\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4e5f\u662f\u540e\u6765\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u4e9b\u652f\u79bb\u7834\u788e\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206\u771f\u76f8\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n 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\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ef4\u6743\u53ca\u5f02\u89c1\u4eba\u58eb\u3001\u827a\u672f\u5bb6\u827e\u672a\u672a\u5728\u201c\u63a8\u7279\u201d\u4e0a\u7559\u8a00\uff1a\u201c\u4f18\u8d28\u5b66\u8005\uff0c\u656c\u610f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u539f\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u57281986\u5e74\u7684\u201c\u5b66\u6f6e\u201d\u4e2d\u652f\u6301\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u6297\u8bae\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e0e\u5218\u5bbe\u96c1\u3001\u738b\u82e5\u671b\u6210\u4e3a\u4e09\u5927\u9886\u519b\u4eba\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n 1987\u5e74\u5728\u4e2d\u5171\u7684\u201c\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u70b9\u540d\uff0c\u5f00\u9664\u515a\u7c4d\u3002<\/p>\n 1989\u5e74\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u5411\u65f6\u4efb\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u7684\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u81f4\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u91ca\u653e\u6c11\u8fd0\u4eba\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n \u516d\u56db\u4e8b\u4ef6\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u540c\u6837\u652f\u6301\u5b66\u751f\u6c11\u4e3b\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u59bb\u5b50\u4e00\u9053\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\u9a7b\u534e\u4f7f\u9986\u5bfb\u6c42\u907f\u96be\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ad8\u5c42\u51fa\u9762\u65a1\u65cb\u540e\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u592b\u5987\u4e8e\u6b21\u5e74\u516d\u6708\u642d\u4e58\u7f8e\u56fd\u519b\u673a\u53d6\u9053\u82f1\u56fd\uff0c\u534a\u5e74\u540e\u524d\u5f80\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u5e76\u7559\u5728\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\u4efb\u6559\u3002<\/p>\n \u641c\u7d22\u4e2d\u56fd\u65b0\u6d6a\u5fae\u535a\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f51\u53cb\u4e5f\u8f6c\u53d1\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u53bb\u4e16\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u65e0\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u8f93\u5165\u201c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u201d\u641c\u7d22\uff0c\u6709\u7f51\u53cb\u6362\u4ee5\u201c\u65b9\u201d\u3001\u201c\u65b9\u529b\u4e4b\u201d\u6216\u201c\u65b9Lizhi\u201d\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n 2009\u5e74\u516d\u56db\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e8c\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5728\u63a5\u53d7BBC\u4e2d\u6587\u7f51\u91c7\u8bbf\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u201c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u5f53\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u5bf9\u540e\u6765\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u66f4\u597d\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8f9e\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7476\u5c81\u738b\u4e39\u79f0\u60b2\u75db\u65e0\u4ee5\u8a00\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n \u4e2d\u592e\u793e\/\u516d\u56db\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\uff0c6\u65e5\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fc7\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7476\u5c81\u3002\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u51fa\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u540e\uff0c\u81f4\u529b\u9f13\u5439\u4fc3\u8fdb\u5927\u9646\u7684\u4eba\u6743\u4e0e\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u6c11\u8fd0\u4eba\u58eb\u542c\u95fb\u4ed6\u901d\u4e16\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u90fd\u8868\u54c0\u75db\u3002<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u51fa\u4ea1\u7f8e\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u843d\u811a\u571f\u6851\uff08Tucson\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\uff08UniversityofArizona\uff09\u62c5\u4efb\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u3002\u540c\u6837\u6d41\u4ea1\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u5434\u4ec1\u534e\u5728\u63a8\u7279\u63a8\u6587\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002<\/p>\n 1989\u5e74\u516d\u56db\u5b66\u8fd0\u9886\u8896\u738b\u4e39\u95fb\u8baf\u540e\uff0c\u4e0e\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u7684\u592b\u4eba\u674e\u6dd1\u5a34\u8054\u7edc\uff0c\u5728\u63a8\u6587\u4e2d\u8bc1\u5b9e\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8fc7\u4e16\u7684\u6d88\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n \u738b\u4e39\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6b64\u65f6\u6b64\u523b\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u60b2\u75db\u65e0\u4ee5\u8a00\u8868\u3002\u4ed6\u6fc0\u52b1\u4e86\u516b\u4e5d\u4e00\u4ee3\u4eba\uff0c\u5524\u9192\u4e86\u4eba\u4eec\u5bf9\u4eba\u6743\u548c\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5411\u5f80\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n \u5927\u9646\u5f02\u8bae\u4eba\u58eb\u738b\u519b\u6d9b\u63a5\u53d7\u660e\u955c\u7f51\u8bbf\u95ee\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u662f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u7531\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e8b\u4e1a\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u201c\u5c31\u5728\u8d8a\u6765\u8d8a\u591a\u7684\u56fd\u4eba\u518d\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769\u3001\u8ffd\u8fd8\u516d\u56db\u9547\u538b\u88ab\u627c\u6740\u7684\u6b63\u4e49\u4e4b\u9645\uff0c\u65b9\u5148\u751f\u8f9e\u4e16\uff0c\u8ba9\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u566c\u5fc3\u4e4b\u75db\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n 1989\u5e74\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u7206\u53d1\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5168\u56fd\u6027\u5b66\u751f\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u4e00\u5f00\u59cb\u662f\u5317\u4eac\u5b66\u751f\u53d1\u8d77\u60bc\u5ff5\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u8fc7\u4e16\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u6570\u65e5\u5185\u6f14\u53d8\u6210\u5168\u56fd\u793a\u5a01\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u89e3\u653e\u519b6\u67083\u65e5\u665a\u95f4\u8fdb\u9a7b\u5317\u4eac\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a\u5b9e\u65bd\u6212\u4e25\uff0c\u5374\u7206\u53d1\u6d41\u8840\u51b2\u7a81\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u56e0\u53cd\u5bf9\u9547\u538b\u800c\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u653f\u5e9c\u968f\u540e\u5927\u4e3e\u7f09\u6355\u793a\u5a01\u8005\uff0c\u591a\u540d\u5b66\u751f\u9886\u8896\u6d41\u4ea1\u6d77\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n \u5927\u9646\u5f53\u5c40\u519b\u4e8b\u9547\u538b\u5317\u4eac\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u592b\u5987\u8eb2\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\uff0c\u5f85\u4e86\u8db3\u8db3\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u5927\u9646\u5f53\u5c40\u5f53\u65f6\u6307\u63a7\u4ed6\u4eec\u592b\u5987\u72af\u4e86\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u7f6a\uff0c\u4e0e\u53db\u56fd\u7f6a\u65e0\u5f02\u3002<\/p>\n 1986\u5e74\u65f6\uff0c\u62c5\u4efb\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u6280\u672f\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u6821\u957f\u7684\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5373\u5728\u201c\u516b\u516d\u5b66\u6f6e\u201d\u4e2d\u52c9\u52b1\u5b66\u751f\u4e89\u53d6\u6c11\u4e3b\uff0c\u540e\u906d\u524d\u4e2d\u5171\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u70b9\u540d\uff0c\u5f00\u9664\u515a\u7c4d\u4e0e\u526f\u6821\u957f\u804c\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n \u5f53\u5e74\u98ce\u8d77\u4e91\u6d8c\u7684\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u6c11\u8fd0\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u867d\u672a\u516c\u5f00\u53c2\u4e0e\uff0c\u4f46\u652f\u6301\u653f\u5e9c\u7fa4\u4f17\u96c6\u4f1a\u711a\u70e7\u4ed6\u7684\u520d\u50cf\u540e\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u9042\u51b3\u5b9a\u5bfb\u6c42\u5e87\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n 1990\u5e746\u6708\u5317\u4eac\u5f53\u5c40\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba9\u6b65\uff0c\u5141\u8bb8\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u79bb\u5883\u51fa\u56fd\u5c31\u533b\u3002\u5927\u9646\u5f53\u5c40\u5f53\u65f6\u8bf4\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u592b\u5987\u5df2\u8868\u73b0\u201c\u6094\u610f\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u4ece\u6b64\u4e00\u53bb\u4e0d\u56de\uff0c\u672a\u66fe\u518d\u8fd4\u56de\u5927\u9646\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u5927\u529b\u9f13\u5439\u897f\u65b9\u56fd\u5bb6\u65bd\u538b\u4e2d\u56fd\u5927\u9646\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u4fc3\u5176\u5c0a\u91cd\u4eba\u6743\u5e76\u5305\u5bb9\u5f02\u5df1\u3002<\/p>\n \u5317\u4eac\u89c2\u5bdf\uff1a\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u6c38\u8fdc\u662f\u516b\u4e5d\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u826f\u5e08<\/strong><\/p>\n \u5fb7\u56fd\u4e4b\u58f0\u4e2d\u6587\u7f51\u300a\u5317\u4eac\u89c2\u5bdf\u300b\u680f\u76ee \u4f5c\u8005:\u9ad8\u745c<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u6392\u5217\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u3001\u80e1\u9002\u3001\u6885\u8d3b\u7426\u3001\u5085\u65af\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6700\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd80\u5e74\u4ee3\u601d\u60f3\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u63a8\u52a8\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n \u6b63\u5728\u5173\u6ce8\u516b\u4e5d\u5b66\u8fd0\u9886\u8896\u738b\u4e39\u7b49\u4eba\u53d1\u8868\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e2d\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ee5\u5404\u79cd\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u5f0f\u5141\u8bb8\u4ed6\u4eec”\u56de\u56fd\u770b\u770b”\uff0c\u5ffd\u7136\u60ca\u6089\u516d\u56db\u88ab\u4f5c\u4e3a”\u7b2c\u4e00\u9ed1\u624b”\uff0c\u88ab\u7f8e\u56fd\u5927\u4f7f\u9986\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u6d41\u4ea1\u7f8e\u56fd\u957f\u8fbe22\u5e74\u7684\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u731d\u7136\u957f\u901d\u7684\u6d88\u606f\uff0c\u6df1\u611f\u60b2\u75db\u3002<\/p>\n \u88ab\u5c60\u6740\u3001\u88ab\u5165\u72f1\u3001\u88ab\u6d41\u4ea1\u3001\u5ba2\u6b7b\u4ed6\u4e61\u7684\u540d\u5355\u4e0a\u53c8\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u65d7\u624b\u7684\u540d\u5b57\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u516d\u56db\u7684\u5386\u53f2\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u4e00\u7b14\u8840\u503a\u3002\u57282012\u5e74\uff0c\u6743\u529b\u4ea4\u63a5\u7684\u5e74\u5934\uff0c\u4e0d\u5bb9\u65e0\u89c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u3002<\/p>\n \u516d\u56db\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u5bfc\u5e08<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u53ea\u6d3b\u4e8676\u5c81\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5927\u5b66\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u4efb\u655920\u4f59\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4f1a\u6392\u5217\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u6770\u51fa\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u8521\u5143\u57f9\u3001\u80e1\u9002\u3001\u6885\u8d3b\u7426\u3001\u5085\u65af\u5e74\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u65d7\u624b\uff0c\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u4e13\u5236\u653f\u4f53\u4e4b\u4e0b\u6700\u6709\u8d44\u683c\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0a\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u6709\u5b89\u5fbd\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u5218\u6587\u5178\u62d2\u7edd\u848b\u4ecb\u77f3\u7684\u5de1\u5e78\uff1b20\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e0b\u534a\u53f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u526f\u6821\u957f\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5f00\u9664\u51fa\u515a\u3002<\/p>\n 2005\u5e741\u670817\u65e5\uff0c\u56e0\u53cd\u5bf9\u516d\u56db\u5f00\u67aa\u9547\u538b\u4eba\u6c11\u800c\u4e0b\u53f0\u7684\u4e2d\u5171\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\uff0c\u88ab\u8f6f\u798115\u5e748\u4e2a\u6708\u540e\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u7adf\u7136\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u662f\u8c01\u3002\u8fd9\u4e0e16\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u751f\u56e0\u4e3a\u88ab\u7f62\u514d\u7684\u524d\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u7684\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u5360\u9886\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\uff0c\u53d1\u8d77\u4e00\u573a\u5e2d\u5377\u5168\u56fd\u7684\u7231\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9c9c\u660e\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n 89\u6c11\u8fd0\u7684\u7206\u53d1\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u5076\u7136\u7684\uff0c\u57f9\u80b2\u8fd9\u573a\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u524d\u5341\u5e74\uff0880\u5e74\u4ee3\uff09\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u4e00\u518d\u52aa\u529b\u63a8\u8fdb\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u89e3\u653e\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e94\u4e03\u53f3\u6d3e\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u575a\u529b\u91cf\u30022007\u5e74\u516d\u56db\uff0c\u6211\u5e94\u5218\u6653\u6ce2\u7ea6\u7a3f\u4e3a\u300a\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e2d\u56fd\u300b\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u300a\u4ece\u53cd\u53f3\u5230\u516d\u56db–\u516b\u4e5d\u662f\u4e94\u4e03\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u300b\uff0c\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e09\u4e2a\u53f3\u6d3e\u662f89\u4e00\u4ee3\u7684\u826f\u5e08\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n 1986\u5e7411\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u6821\u957f\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u8bb8\u826f\u82f1\u548c\u8bb0\u8005\u3001\u4f5c\u5bb6\u5218\u5bbe\u96c1\u5171\u540c\u53d1\u8d77\u53ec\u5f00\u300a\u53cd\u53f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u5386\u53f2\u5b66\u672f\u8ba8\u8bba\u4f1a\u300b\u3002\u7531\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u4e00\u4efd\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u77e5\uff0c\u7ecf\u8bb8\u3001\u5218\u4fee\u6539\u6563\u53d1\u7ed9”\u53ef\u80fd\u53c2\u52a0\u8005”\u3002\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4efd\u901a\u77e5\u7684\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u901a\u8fc7\u6c11\u76df\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u6536\u5230\u7684\u4f1a\u8bae\u901a\u77e5\u9001\u4ea4\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5e76\u9644\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff1a”\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u6cbb\u91ce\u5fc3\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u79f0\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u74e6\u6587\u8428\uff1b\u6211\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u867d\u7136\u6ca1\u6709\u5b8c\u5168\u89e3\u51b3\uff08\u6307\u5c1a\u672a\u6062\u590d\u6e05\u534e\u5927\u5b66\u526f\u6821\u957f\u7684\u5b98\u804c\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002”\uff08\u6ce8\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n 1986\u5e7412\u6708\u4e0a\u65ec\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5408\u80a5\u3001\u6b66\u6c49\u3001\u4e0a\u6d77\u3001\u676d\u5dde\u3001\u5357\u4eac\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u76f8\u7ee7\u51fa\u73b0\u5b66\u751f\u4e0a\u8857\u8981\u6c42\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6e38\u884c\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u6280\u5927\u5b66\u7b2c\u4e00\u526f\u6821\u957f\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u8bb2\u8bdd\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u5916\u7535\u91c7\u8bbf\u62a8\u51fb”\u56db\u9879\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u5219”\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u4f20\u5230\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u8033\u6735\u91cc\u300212\u670830\u65e5\u4e0a\u5348\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u53ec\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u3001\u8d75\u7d2b\u9633\u3001\u4e07\u91cc\u3001\u80e1\u542f\u7acb\u3001\u674e\u9e4f\u3001\u4f55\u4e1c\u660c\u5230\u5bb6\u91cc\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u6279\u8bc4\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u5236\u6b62\u5b66\u6f6e\u4e0d\u529b\u3002\u5f53\u573a\u63d0\u51fa\u628a\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u548c\u5218\u5bbe\u96c1\u3001\u738b\u82e5\u671b\uff08\u628a\u738b\u8bef\u6210\u8bb8\u826f\u82f1\uff09\u5f00\u9664\u51fa\u515a\u3002\u5e76\u8bf4\u8fd9\u6b21\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u8868\u73b0\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u5e94\u4e88\u91cd\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e24\u5929\u4ee5\u540e\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u88ab\u8feb\u5411\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u9012\u4ea4\u4e86\u8f9e\u804c\u4fe1\u30021\u67088\u65e5\uff0d16\u65e5\u4e2d\u592e\u53ec\u5f00\u6279\u5224\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f1a\u4e0a\u5bf9\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\u8fdb\u884c\u53cd\u53f3\u3001\u6587\u9769\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6279\u6597\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4ed6\u8f9e\u53bb\u603b\u4e66\u8bb0\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u5c31\u5f00\u9664\u4e86\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u3001\u738b\u82e5\u671b\u3001\u5218\u5bbe\u96c1\u7684\u515a\u7c4d\uff0c\u6380\u8d77\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u94b1\u4f1f\u957f\u679c\u7136\u5f53\u4e0a\u4e86\u5168\u56fd\u653f\u534f\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n 1989\u5e744\u670815\u65e5\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u751f\u5728\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u5e7f\u573a\u6c89\u75db\u54c0\u60bc\u80e1\u8000\u90a6\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e3a1987\u5e74\u53cd\u5bf9\u8d44\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u81ea\u7531\u5316\u5e73\u53cd\u548c\u65b0\u95fb\u81ea\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u9c9c\u660e\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5e7f\u5927\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4e5f\u83b7\u5f97\u66f4\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u7684\u540c\u60c5\u3002\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5b9a\u8c03\u7684”\u56db\u4e8c\u516d”\u793e\u8bba\uff0c\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u72ec\u88c1\u4eba\u7269\u542c\u4e86\u674e\u9e4f\u3001\u9648\u5e0c\u540c\u4e4b\u6d41\u7684\u6c47\u62a5\u800c\u53d7\u9a97\u4e0a\u5f53\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8fd9\u4f4d\u4e94\u4e03\u5e74”\u53cd\u53f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u524d\u53f0\u6307\u6325”–\u4e2d\u5171\u53cd\u53f3\u9886\u5bfc\u5c0f\u7ec4\u7ec4\u957f\uff0c\u4e00\u8d2f\u4ec7\u89c6\u4eba\u6c11\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u51c6\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e94\u5341\u5468\u5e74\u7684\u7eaa\u5ff5<\/p>\n 2007\u5e74\u662f\u6bdb\u6cfd\u4e1c\u53d1\u52a8\u53cd\u53f3\u8fd0\u52a850\u5468\u5e74\uff0c6\u670829\u65e5\u300130\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u7f8e\u56fd\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u5c14\u6e7e\u5206\u6821\u548c21\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u57fa\u91d1\u4f1a\u4e3b\u529e\u7684\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u77e5\u8bc6\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\uff1a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u53cd\u53f3\u8fd0\u52a850\u5468\u5e74\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u672f\u7814\u8ba8\u4f1a\u300b\u5728\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u4e3e\u884c\u3002\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u300a\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u548c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u9000\u6f6e–\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e94\u4e03\u5e74\u548c\u6211\u300b\uff0c\u662f\u5927\u4f1a\u6700\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u6700\u8f70\u52a8\u7684\u6548\u5e94\u3002\u53cd\u53f330\u5e74\u65f6\u7684\u4e00\u6869\u5fc3\u613f\uff0c\u76f8\u969420\u5e74\uff0c\u53cd\u53f350\u5468\u5e74\uff0c\u624d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b1956\u5e74\uff0c20\u5c81\u4ece\u5317\u5927\u6bd5\u4e1a\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u6838\u6b66\u53d1\u5c55\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6bcf\u5468\u516d\u90fd\u56de\u5230\u5317\u5927\uff0c\u5728\u674e\u6dd1\u5a34\u7684\u82cf\u8054\u4e13\u5bb6\u7ffb\u8bd1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5468\u672b\u5c0f\u6c99\u9f99\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9752\u6625\u4e0e\u7231\u60c5\uff0c\u8bd7\u6b4c\u4e0e\u97f3\u4e50\uff0c\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e0e\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u4e3b\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n 1957\u5e74\uff0c\u5c0f\u6c99\u9f99\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u5171\u4ea7\u515a\u5458\u771f\u5fc3\u5e2e\u52a9\u515a\u548c\u5171\u9752\u56e2\u6539\u8fdb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6253\u7b97\u8054\u540d\u7ed9\u4e2d\u592e\u5199\u5c01\u4fe1\uff0c\u53ea\u8d77\u8349\u4e86\u5927\u7eb2\u30029\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e”\u53cd\u53f3\u8fd0\u52a8”\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efb\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u548c\u548c\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u59d4\u4e66\u8bb0\u5f6d\u771f\uff0c\u966a\u540c\u82cf\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u8bbf\u95ee\u8005\u6765\u5317\u5927\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u5317\u5927\u7684\u5927\u5b57\u62a5\uff0c\u60ca\u53f9\uff1a”\u5317\u5927\u53f3\u6d3e\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u5f88\u9ad8\uff01”\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u4f18\u60e0\u5317\u5927\uff0c\u5c065%\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\uff0c\u63d0\u9ad8\u52307%\u3002\u5728\u8ffd\u52a0\u53f3\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u4e09\u4eba\u51c6\u5907\u5199\u7ed9\u4e2d\u592e\u7684\u5927\u7eb2\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5317\u5927\u65b0\u7684\u53cd\u515a\u5178\u578b\u3002\u5317\u5927\u7684\u502a\u7696\u836a\u3001\u674e\u6dd1\u5a34\u5206\u522b\u88ab\u5212\u4e3a\u4e8c\u7c7b\u3001\u516d\u7c7b\u53f3\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\uff0c<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5728\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u4e5f\u6328\u6279\u6597\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7ec8\u5f52\u6ca1\u6709\u6b63\u5f0f\u5212\u4e3a\u53f3\u6d3e\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u4e24\u8bf4\uff1a\u4e00\u8bf4\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u6ca1\u6709\u5149\u987e\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ed9\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u4f18\u60e0\u589e\u52a0\u53f3\u6d3e\u540d\u989d\uff0c5%\u7684\u5b9a\u989d\u6ee1\u5458\uff0c\u65e0\u591a\u4f59\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\u5206\u914d\u7ed9\u65b9\u4e86\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u8bf4\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u526f\u79d8\u4e66\u957f\u675c\u6da6\u751f\uff0c\u628a21\u5c81\u7684\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u4ece\u53f3\u6d3e\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u5212\u6389\u3002\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u4e8e1957\u5e7412\u6708\u88ab\u9010\u51fa\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7814\u7a76\u7ec4\uff0c\u53d1\u914d\u5230\u6cb3\u5317\u8d5e\u7687\u53bf\u52b3\u52a8\u6539\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u8bf4\uff1a1957\uff0c\u5171\u4ea7\u4e3b\u4e49\u601d\u6f6e\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u548c\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8d70\u8fc7\u4ed6\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u5cf0\u503c\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u4e00\u4ee3\u4e1c\u65b9\u7684\u9752\u5e74\u8d76\u4e0a\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e1c\u6e10\u6f6e\u6d41\u7684\u5c3e\u7aef\u3002<\/p>\n \u591a\u5c11\u5317\u5927\u4eba\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c3e\u7aef\u7684\u70bc\u72f1\u4e2d\u97f3\u4fe1\u6e3a\u7136\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u3001\u674e\u6dd1\u5a34\u592b\u5987\u81ea\u8c13”\u5e78\u8fd0”\uff0c\u7ec8\u751f\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e3a\u4f0d\u3002<\/p>\n \u5c06\u4eba\u6743\u5185\u6838\u6ce8\u5165\u6c11\u4e3b\u601d\u6f6e<\/p>\n 1987\u5e74\u88ab\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u5f00\u9664\u51fa\u515a\u7684\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u5230\u5317\u4eac\u5929\u6587\u53f0\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u5458\u30021988\u5e74\u4ed6\u4ecd\u65e7\u53c2\u52a0\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6c99\u9f99\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bb2\u8bdd”\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u6240\u8c13\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u5316\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u7279\u8272\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\u3002”\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5f15\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n 1989\u5e741\u67086\u65e5\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u7684\u4e00\u5c01\u4fe1\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u53d1\u8d77\u8054\u7f72\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u5411\u4e2d\u592e\u519b\u59d4\u4e3b\u5e2d\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u53d1\u7684\u516c\u5f00\u4fe1\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u662f\u5e74\u4e3a\u7eaa\u5ff5\u4e2d\u534e\u4eba\u6c11\u5171\u548c\u56fd40\u5468\u5e74\uff0c\u91ca\u653e\u6c11\u8fd0\u4eba\u58eb\u9b4f\u4eac\u751f\uff0c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u601d\u6f6e\u6ce8\u5165\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u5185\u6838\u30023\u6708\uff0c\u5728\u8457\u540d\u7684”\u65b0\u542f\u8499\u521b\u520a\u53d1\u5e03\u4f1a”\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u505a\u4e86”\u4eba\u6743\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898”\u7684\u6f14\u8bb2\u3002\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u9ad8\u4e3e\u8d77\u4eba\u6743\u7684\u65d7\u5e1c\u3002<\/p>\n \u6c11\u8fd0\u6380\u8d77\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u4e25\u63a7\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d70\u4e0a\u8857\u5934\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u8fd9\u573a\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u516d\u56db\u5c60\u57ce\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u4ecd\u65e7\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u53f7\u4eba\u7269\u88ab\u901a\u7f09\uff0c\u4ed6\u6700\u7ec8\u548c\u738b\u82e5\u671b\u3001\u5218\u5bbe\u96c1\u4f1a\u5408\uff0c\u6d41\u4ea1\u7f8e\u56fd\u3002<\/p>\n \u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u72b6\u51b5\u52a0\u901f\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u8fdb\u5165\u7ef4\u7a33\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4eba\u6743\u8bc9\u6c42\u9010\u6e10\u6210\u4e3a\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u6781\u4e3a\u60b2\u89c2\uff0c\u4ed6\u9884\u6d4b\u8981\u8d85\u8fc7200\u5e74\u3002\u738b\u82e5\u671b\u3001\u5218\u5bbe\u96c1\u3001\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u4e09\u4eba\u76f8\u7ee7\u5ba2\u6b7b\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u60b2\u5267\uff0c\u5370\u8bc1\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u4e13\u5236\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6b8b\u66b4\u4e0e\u50f5\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n 2007\u5e746\u6708\u5e95\uff0c\u53c2\u52a0\u6d1b\u6749\u77f6\u4f1a\u8bae\uff0c\u5728\u9152\u5e97\u5927\u5802\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u7ecf\u548c\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u3001\u674e\u6dd1\u5a34\u592b\u5987\u7545\u8c08\uff0c\u674e\u6dd1\u5a34\u8001\u5e08\u8c08\u5230\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u65b9\u9762\u7adf\u7136\u8981\u7ed9\u513f\u5b50\u4ecb\u7ecd\u5973\u670b\u53cb\u8fdb\u5bb6\uff0c\u88ab\u4ed6\u4eec\u62d2\u7edd\u3002\u6ca1\u60f3\u5230\u4e09\u4e2a\u6708\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c10\u670825\u65e5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6b21\u5b50\u65b9\u54f2\u5c31\u906d\u9047\u8f66\u7978\u3002\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4eba\u751f\u60b2\u5267\u4e00\u5b9a\u7ed9\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u9020\u6210\u96be\u4ee5\u5f25\u8865\u7684\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002<\/p>\n \u65b9\u5148\u751f\u5317\u4eac\u751f\u4eba\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u9b42\u5f52\u6545\u91cc\uff0c\u518d\u4e0d\u662f\u4ed6\u719f\u6089\u7684\u6545\u90fd\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u897f\u76ae\u4e8c\u9ec4\u65e9\u5df2\u8352\u8154\u8d70\u677f\uff0c\u5927\u5e08\u4eec\u7684\u7edd\u5531\u53ea\u5b58\u7559\u5386\u53f2\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n \u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u5171\u540c\u60bc\u5ff5\u4e2d\u56fd\u6770\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u9886\u8896\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u7684\u65f6\u523b\uff0c\u8c28\u795d\u674e\u6dd1\u5a34\u5148\u751f\u8282\u54c0\uff01\u4fdd\u91cd\uff01<\/p>\n “\u516b\u4e5d\u6c11\u8fd0”\u548c”\u516d\u56db”\u662f\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u5148\u751f\u53bb\u4e16\uff0c\u518d\u4e00\u6b21\u7ed9\u4e86\u4e2d\u5171\u5151\u73b0”\u653f\u6cbb\u6539\u9769”\u8bfa\u8a00\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n 5\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u516d\u56db\u800c\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e25\u5bb6\u742a\u8bf4\uff1a\uff1a”‘\u516b\u4e5d\u6c11\u8fd0’\u548c’\u516d\u56db’\u662f\u4e24\u56de\u4e8b\uff0c’\u516b\u4e5d\u6c11\u8fd0’\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\uff0c’\u516d\u56db’\u5219\u662f\u4e00\u573a\u5927\u5c60\u6740\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e3a’\u56db\u4e94\u8fd0\u52a8’\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u5929\u5b89\u95e8\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u79f0\u4e3a’\u516d\u56db\u5b66\u8fd0’\u3001’\u516d\u56db\u6c11\u8fd0’\u3002’\u516d\u56db\u5927\u5c60\u6740’\u662f\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u84c4\u610f\u5236\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u4e3a\u4e86\u63a9\u76d6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7f6a\u884c\uff0c\u8fd8\u5236\u9020\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u8c0e\u8a00\uff0c\u8bf4\u57286\u67083\u65e5\u5317\u4eac\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u53cd\u9769\u547d\u66b4\u4e71\u3002’\u516d\u56db’\u5c60\u6740\u7684\u6839\u6e90\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u4e13\u5236\u5236\u5ea6\u548c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684\u72ec\u65ad\u4e13\u884c\u3001\u6b8b\u66b4\u672c\u6027\u3002”<\/p>\n \u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8c13”\u4e3a\u516d\u56db\u5e73\u53cd”\uff0c\u8ba9\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u90fd\u80fd\u56de\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u4e2d\u5171\u5411\u4eba\u6c11\u7ea0\u6b63\u81ea\u5df1\u7f6a\u9519\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u5171\u5f53\u524d\u80fd\u591f\u8df3\u51fa\u8584\u7199\u6765\u4e8b\u4ef6\u9020\u6210\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u6ce5\u6f6d\u6700\u597d\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n \u4e2d\u56fd\u6c11\u4e3b\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u542f\u8499\u8005\u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u548c\u4f1f\u5927\u7684\u516b\u4e5d\u6c11\u8fd0\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u6c38\u5782\u4e0d\u673d\uff01<\/p>\n \uff08\u6ce8\uff09\uff1a\u89c1\u8bb8\u826f\u82f1\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u53cd\u53f3\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u7247\u65ad\u56de\u5fc6\u548c\u601d\u8003–\u7eaa\u5ff5\u53cd\u53f340\u5468\u5e74\u300b<\/p>\n \u65b9\u52b1\u4e4b\u662f\u5f97\u4e86\u6781\u4e3a\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u75c5\uff1a\u201c\u4e9a\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5c71\u8c37\u70ed\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n 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