\u5927\u5b66\u8054\u624b\u5bfb\u627e\u89e3\u51b3\u5b66\u751f\u731b\u589e\u529e\u6cd5 <\/p>\n
\u661f\u62a5\u901a\u8baf\u793e\u7535\/\u5927\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u672c\u5730\u5927\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u4eba\u6ee1\u4e3a\u60a3\u3002\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u957f\u502a\u5fb7\u5a01(David Naylor\u89c1\u56fe)\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u591a\u5e0215\u5e74\u5185\u6025\u9700\u589e\u5efa\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u63a5\u7eb3\u591a\u51fa\u76844\u4e07\u540d\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u502a\u5fb7\u5a01\u79f0\uff0c\u5230\u591a\u5e02\u672c\u5730\u5927\u5b66\u5c31\u8bfb\u7684\u540d\u989d\u5c06\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u4e3a\u6b64\u6570\u5bb6\u5927\u5b66\u6b63\u8054\u624b\u6478\u7d22\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u7ec4\u6210\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u578b\u201c\u5927\u5b66\u8054\u76df\u201d\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u5b66\u751f\u65e2\u53ef\u83b7\u5f97\u5b66\u58eb\u6587\u51ed\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u5728\u5927\u5b66\u4e8c\u5e74\u7ea7\u540e\u8f6c\u5230\u51e0\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e3a\u62a5\u8003\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u4f5c\u51c6\u5907\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ec4\u5efa\u5927\u5b66\u8054\u76df\u53ea\u662f\u591a\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\u5e94\u5bf9\u65b0\u751f\u6570\u76ee\u731b\u589e\u7684\u89e3\u51b3\u529e\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0d\u65ad\u6d8c\u5165\u5927\u591a\u533a\u57df\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u4e13\u4e0a\u6559\u80b2(higher learning)\u9700\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u591a\u5927(University of Toronto)\u3001\u6000\u96c5\u900a\u5927\u5b66(Ryerson University)\u3001\u7ea6\u514b\u5927\u5b66(York University)\u548c\u5b89\u7701\u5927\u5b66\u79d1\u6280\u5b66\u9662(University of Ontario Institute of Technology\uff0c\u7b80\u79f0UOIT)\u5728\u5185\u7684\u591a\u95f4\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u6821\u957f\u6b63\u96c6\u601d\u5e7f\u610f\uff0c\u4e3a\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u6311\u6218\u5bfb\u627e\u51fa\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6821\u957f\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u529e\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p>\n
\uff0d\u8ba9\u5927\u591a\u5730\u533a\u4ee5\u5916\u4e00\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u5230\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5f00\u8bbe\u5206\u6821\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u5206\u6d41\u672c\u79d1\u751f\u3002\u502a\u5fb7\u5a01\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b89\u7701\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u7684\u6d1b\u91cc\u57c3\u5927\u5b66(Wilfrid Laurier University)\u6216\u662f\u5408\u9002\u5019\u9009\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff0d\u9f13\u52b1\u66f4\u591a\u672c\u5730\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u5230\u5916\u5730\u4e0a\u5927\u5b66\u3002\u502a\u5fb7\u5a01\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u60f3\u5f3a\u8feb\u672c\u5730\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u5bb6\u5ead\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u79bb\u5f00\u5927\u591a\u6c42\u5b66\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u79cd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6709\u6743\u5c31\u8fd1\u5538\u4e66\u7684\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e5f\u662f\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff0d\u4e89\u53d6\u6539\u5584\u591a\u5e02\u5e02\u533a\u5230\u5965\u6c99\u534e( Oshawa )\u7684\u516c\u4ea4\u7ebf\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fc3\u4f7f\u66f4\u591a\u5927\u591a\u5b66\u5b50\u8003\u8651\u4f4d\u4e8e905\u533a\u57df\u7684\u5b89\u7701\u5927\u5b66\u79d1\u6280\u5b66\u9662\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff0d\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u8bbe\u7acb\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5206\u6821\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63d0\u8bae\u5728\u4f5c\u4e3a\u52a0\u56fd\u6700\u5927\u5b66\u5e9c\u7684\u591a\u5927\u5e76\u4e0d\u53d7\u8ffd\u6367\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u8fd9\u4f1a\u8ba9\u591a\u5927\u4ece\u652f\u6301\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u91cd\u5fc3\u4e0a\u201c\u5206\u5fc3\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\uff0d\u6000\u96c5\u900a\u5927\u5b66\u8bbe\u7acb\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u5206\u6821\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6000\u96c5\u900a\u4eca\u5e74\u6536\u5230\u7684\u79cb\u5b63\u65b0\u751f\u5165\u5b66\u7533\u8bf7\u589e\u52a020%\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u5948\u6821\u56ed\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u62db\u6536\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u540d\u989d\u53ea\u80fd\u548c\u53bb\u5e74\u6301\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6bd4\u8f832003\u5e74\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u53cc\u500d\u5b66\u751f\u95ee\u9898(Double Cohort)\uff0c\u6000\u96c5\u900a\u6821\u957f\u83b1\u7ef4(Sheldon Levy)\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5b89\u7701\u6bcf\u6240\u5927\u5b66\u90fd\u6709\u53c2\u4e0e\u89e3\u51b3\u53cc\u500d\u5b66\u751f\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u591a\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u95ee\u9898\u5374\u662f\u5927\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7279\u6709\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6000\u96c5\u900a\u589e\u52a0\u5165\u5b66\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u6821\u56ed\u5fc5\u7136\u4eba\u6ee1\u4e3a\u60a3\uff0c\u5e76\u81f4\u5f71\u54cd\u6559\u5b66\u8d28\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n
2003\u5e74\u7684\u53cc\u500d\u5b66\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u56e0\u5b89\u7701\u4fee\u6539\u4e86\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u539f\u6765\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7b2c13\u5e74\u7ea7\uff0c\u81f4\u4f7f\u65e7\u5236\u768413\u5e74\u7ea7\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u5c4a\u5b66\u751f\u548c\u65b0\u5236\u9ad8\u4e2d12\u5e74\u7ea7\u5b66\u751f\u5728 2003\u5e74\u4e00\u8d77\u6bd5\u4e1a\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u65f6\u5411\u5927\u5b66\u7533\u8bf7\u5165\u5b66\uff0c\u81f4\u65b0\u751f\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u6570\u9aa4\u589e\u3002\u4e0e\u53cc\u500d\u5b66\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u5730\u533a\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\u589e\u52a0\u53ef\u80fd\u6301\u7eed20\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n
\u502a\u5fb7\u5a01\u79f0\u6d88\u5316\u53cc\u500d\u5b66\u751f\u95ee\u9898\u5c31\u8c61\u201c\u83bd\u86c7\u6d3b\u541e\u5154\u5b50\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u65b0\u7684\u65b0\u751f\u6f6e\u65e0\u8bba\u6570\u91cf\u53ca\u6301\u7eed\u65f6\u95f4\u90fd\u8d85\u4e4e\u4ee5\u5f80\uff0c\u628a\u4ed6\u4eec\u518d\u585e\u8fdb\u62e5\u6324\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u201c\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7ea6\u5927\u6709\u5ef6\u4f38\u7a7a\u95f4<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\u672c\u5730\u5927\u5b66\u5e76\u975e\u6ca1\u6709\u6269\u5f20\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u5f00\u8bbe\u4ec5\u4e94\u5e74\u7684\u5b89\u7701\u5927\u5b66\u79d1\u6280\u5b66\u9662\u5c31\u6709\u6269\u5f20\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7ea6\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u6821\u56ed\u7684\u4e1c\u3001\u897f\u4e24\u9762\u4e5f\u6709\u5ef6\u4f38\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u7ea6\u514b\u533a\u8ba1\u5212\u6269\u5145\u5176\u79d1\u5b66\u53ca\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e13\u4e1a\uff0c\u5e76\u62df\u5efa\u4e00\u6240\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u3002\u8be5\u6821\u65b0\u4efb\u6821\u957fMamdouh Shoukri\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5927\u591a\u751f\u6e90\u589e\u52a0\u6b63\u597d\u4e3a\u7ea6\u514b\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u7edd\u4f73\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n
\u81f3\u4e8e\u8ba9\u6ed1\u94c1\u5362\u7684\u6d1b\u91cc\u57c3\u5927\u5b66\u5230\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5f00\u5206\u6821\u7684\u70b9\u5b50\uff0c\u8be5\u6821\u6821\u957f\u5468\u4e00\u7ed9\u4e88\u7684\u7b54\u8986\u5374\u662f\u201c\u8c22\u8c22\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u5fc5\u8981\u201d\u3002\u6d1b\u91cc\u57c3\u5927\u5b66\u76ee\u524d\u4e0d\u6101\u62db\u6536\u65b0\u751f\uff0c\u5b83\u5df2\u5728\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5f00\u8bbeMBA\u6388\u8bfe\u3002\u6821\u957f\u7f57\u65af\u54c8\u7279(Robert Rosehart)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u79bb\u5bb6\u6c42\u5b66\u5e76\u975e\u574f\u4e8b\uff0c\u6bd5\u7adf\u5b89\u7701\u4e0d\u53ea\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u4e00\u4e2a\u57ce\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n
\u79fb\u6c11\u589e \u591a\u5e02\u5927\u5b66\u989d\u4e0d\u8db3 5\u5e74\u540e\u6570\u4e07\u5b66\u751f\u88ab\u8feb\u5e02\u5916\u5347\u5b66<\/strong><\/p>\n \u3010\u660e\u62a5\u4e13\u8baf\u3011\u6709\u672c\u5730\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u5bb6\u4f30\u8ba1\uff0c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u5c06\u6700\u5feb\u4f1a\u4e8e5\u5e74\u540e\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u50e7\u591a\u7ca5\u5c11\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u533a\u5185\u5b66\u4f4d\u4e0d\u8db3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u672a\u6765\u80fd\u591f\u53ca\u65f6\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c06\u6709\u4e0a\u6570\u4e07\u540d\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6bd5\u4e1a\u751f\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u8981\u88ab\u8feb\u5230\u591a\u5e02\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u5347\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n \u5047\u82e5\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4f30\u8ba1\u6570\u5b57\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u5f53\u73b0\u65f6\u6b63\u5728\u5ff5\u7b2c7\u73ed\u7684\u5b66\u751f\u5347\u8bfb\u5927\u5b66\u65f6\uff0c\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5c06\u9700\u89814\u4e07\u81f37.5\u4e07\u4e2a\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n \u591a\u4f26\u591a3\u95f4\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u662f\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5927\u5b66\u3001\u7ea6\u514b\u5927\u5b66\u53ca\u6000\u96c5\u900a\u5927\u5b66\uff0c\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u4e3a\u914d\u5408\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u5c3d\u5feb\u534f\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e76\u76ee\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u601d\u8003\u672c\u7701\u7684\u4e13\u4e0a\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e13\u4e0a\u5b66\u9662\u548c\u5927\u5b66\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8fde\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u589e\u8bbe\u66f4\u591a\u8054\u529e\u7684\u8bfe\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n \u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u9884\u5148\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u5c4a\u65f6\u591a\u5e023\u95f4\u5927\u5b66\u6050\u6015\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u201c\u50e7\u591a\u7ca5\u5c11\u201d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5b66\u751f\u5c06\u8981\u201c\u4e89\u593a\u201d\u5165\u5b66\u540d\u989d\u3002<\/p>\n \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u589e\u957f\u53ea\u9650\u4e8e\u5927\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u5b66\u751f\u7684\u6d8c\u5165\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5bf9\u53d6\u5f97\u5b66\u4f4d\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u53cd\u89c2\u5927\u591a\u533a\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5165\u5b66\u7387\u9884\u671f\u5219\u4f1a\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6216\u4f1a\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n \u591a\u5e023\u95f4\u5927\u5b66\u7686\u5df2\u628a\u5982\u6b64\u6025\u5207\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u5411\u7701\u5e9c\u53cd\u6620\uff0c\u5e76\u5bf9\u7701\u5e9c\u53cd\u800c\u5ba3\u5e03\u4eca\u6625\u4f1a\u5728\u5317\u9762\u7684\u82cf\u5723\u739b\u4e3d\uff08Sault Ste. 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