\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e4b\u97f3\u8bb0\u8005\u4e9a\u5fae\/20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u662f\u6709\u5750\u7262\u7684\u5371\u9669\u7684\u3002\u76f4\u52301968\u5e74\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u624d\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u6240\u80af\u5b9a\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5ead\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u6765\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n
*\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u548c\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u4e4b\u51b2\u7a81*<\/p>\n
\u5728\u4ecb\u7ecd\u6848\u4f8b\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5148\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u662f\u82f1\u56fd\u7740\u540d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u57281859\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u300a\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u8fd9\u672c\u4e66\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u662f\u4ece\u975e\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u53d8\u5f02\u3001\u9057\u4f20\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u7531\u4f4e\u7ea7\u5230\u9ad8\u7ea7\uff0c\u4ece\u7b80\u5355\u5230\u590d\u6742\u9010\u6b65\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u662f\u4ece\u733f\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u901a\u4fd7\u5730\u8bf4\u5c31\u662f\u4ece\u7334\u5b50\u53d8\u6765\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5fb7\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u8d1d\u52d2\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af.\u8d1d\u514b\u5a01\u65af(Francis Beckwith, )\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u63d0\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u5b89\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u5728\u2018\u7269\u79cd\u8d77\u6e90\u2019\u4e00\u4e66\u4e2d\u8bb0\u8ff0\u4e86\u6709\u751f\u547d\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4ea7\u751f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u4efb\u4f55\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u6216\u4e0a\u5e1d\u7684\u4ecb\u5165\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b66\u8bf4\u4ee4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u5730\u65b9\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u58eb\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u5b89\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u795e\u521b\u9020\u4e00\u5207\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
*\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u9707\u64bc\u7f8e\u56fd*<\/p>\n
\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e0a\u5e1d\u624d\u662f\u5b87\u5b99\u4e07\u7269\u7684\u521b\u9020\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4ec5\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u52a8\u7269\u3001\u6606\u866b\u3001\u98de\u9e1f\u548c\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u4eec\u5404\u4ece\u5176\u7c7b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u548c\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u662f\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7ed920\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5e26\u6765\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u9707\u64bc\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5185\u534e\u8fbe\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u8036\u4f26\u5185\u534e\u8fbe\u5dde\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u6cf0\u5fb7.\u8036\u4f26(Ted Jelen)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u5360\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u81ea\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u5efa\u56fd\u521d\u671f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u6c11\u65cf\u7279\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u300218\u4e16\u7eaa\u548c19\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u590d\u5174\uff0c\u6559\u4f1a\u904d\u5e03\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u5730\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u4fe1\u4ef0\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u59cb\u7ec8\u4e0d\u6e1d\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
*\u201c\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u201d*<\/p>\n
\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c1925\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u5357\u90e8\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u540d\u4e0d\u89c1\u7ecf\u4f20\u7684\u5c0f\u9547\u6234\u987f\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u8d77\u8f70\u52a8\u5168\u7f8e\u7684\u6848\u5b50\uff0c\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7334\u5b50\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u8fd9\u4e2a\u96c5\u53f7\u6b63\u662f\u548c\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u6559\u5e08\u6545\u610f\u8fdd\u53cd\u6cd5\u5f8b*<\/p>\n
\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e0d\u6559\u6388\u4e0a\u5e1d\u9020\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u6559\u6388\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u4ece\u4f4e\u7ea7\u52a8\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u8fdd\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u5411\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u6d3e\u7740\u79f0\u7684\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u6743\u8054\u76df\u201d\u4e3a\u4e86\u6311\u6218\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u628a\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u544a\u4e0a\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u4e0d\u884c\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u6234\u987f\u9547\u4e00\u4f4d\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6559\u5e08\u7ea6\u7ff0.\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u8868\u793a\u613f\u610f\u5145\u5f53\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8d39\u548c\u5f8b\u5e08\u7531\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u6743\u8054\u76df\u201d\u63d0\u4f9b\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u6545\u610f\u8fdd\u53cd\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u6240\u5728\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfe\u4e0a\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u4e0d\u51fa\u6240\u6599\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d7\u5230\u653f\u5e9c\u4e00\u65b9\u7684\u8d77\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7684\u9009\u62e9*<\/p>\n
\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u53f2\u8482\u82ac.\u76d6(Steven Gey)\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c20\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7cfb\u7edf\u521a\u521a\u8d77\u6b65\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u79d1\u5b66\u8bfe\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u751f\u7269\u6559\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u9762\u4e34\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u6559\u6388\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6559\u6388\u5723\u7ecf\u6559\u5bfc\u7684\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f88\u591a\u5dde\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5357\u90e8\u4e00\u4e9b\u5dde\uff0c\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86\u7981\u6b62\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u5c31\u628a\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6216\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u89c6\u4e3a\u72af\u7f6a\uff0c\u8fdd\u6cd5\u8005\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5750\u7262\u6216\u88ab\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
*\u8bc9\u8bbc\u53cc\u65b9\u5f8b\u5e08\u9635\u5bb9\u5f3a\u5927*<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u516c\u7acb\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7684\u8001\u5e08\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u8fdd\u6297\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u5728\u8bfe\u5802\u4e0a\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\uff0c\u88ab\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u544a\u4e0a\u4e86\u6cd5\u5ead\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u8d77\u8bc9\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u6848\u201d\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u8058\u8bf7\u4e86\u539f\u603b\u7edf\u5019\u9009\u4eba\u3001\u57fa\u7763\u6559\u6743\u5a01\u4eba\u7269\u5a01\u5ec9\u59c6.\u8a79\u5b81\u65af.\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ee3\u7406\u5f8b\u5e08\u3002\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u65b9\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u5219\u662f\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u6743\u8054\u76df\u201d\u8058\u8bf7\u7684\u5168\u7f8e\u6700\u7740\u540d\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u5f8b\u5e08\u4e4b\u4e00\u514b\u62c9\u4f26\u65af.\u8fbe\u7f57\u3002<\/p>\n
1925\u5e747\u670810\u53f7\uff0c\u521d\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5ead\u5f00\u59cb\u5ba1\u7406\u6b64\u6848\uff0c\u8fbe\u7f57\u548c\u5e03\u8d56\u6069\u4e24\u4f4d\u5f8b\u5e08\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u5c31\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\u5c55\u5f00\u6fc0\u70c8\u8fa9\u8bba\u3002\u88ab\u8d77\u8bc9\u65b9\u8bf7\u6765\u51e0\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8bc1\u4eba\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5c14\u6587\u7684\u5b66\u8bf4\u8fa9\u62a4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u8d77\u8bc9\u65b9\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u89e6\u72af\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u7b2c\u4e00\u8d77\u6848\u5b50*<\/p>\n
\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u662f\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8d77\u6848\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5168\u7f8e\u4e0a\u4e0b\u5f15\u8d77\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8f70\u52a8\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u751a\u81f3\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u4e16\u7eaa\u7684\u5ba1\u5224\u201d\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\uff0c\u6536\u97f3\u673a\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7535\u53f0\u5411\u5168\u7f8e\u64ad\u653e\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u8d77\u6848\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4ee5\u6781\u5927\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6848\u60c5\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n
\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5224\u5b9a\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u8fdd\u72af\u4e86\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u5ba3\u5224\u65f6\u8fd8\u5411\u4ed6\u65bd\u4ee5100\u7f8e\u5143\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u201c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c11\u6743\u8054\u76df\u201d\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ee3\u8868\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u4e0a\u8bc9\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6700\u540e\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u4e0b\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u7406\u7531\u662f\u5bf9\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6cd5\u5b98\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6*<\/p>\n
\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u6ca1\u6709\u56e0\u4e3a\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u800c\u5750\u7262\uff0c\u5bf9\u4ed6\u7684\u7f5a\u6b3e\u4e5f\u88ab\u53d6\u6d88\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u65af\u653e\u5f03\u4e86\u6559\u4e66\uff0c\u5230\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4e60\u5730\u8d28\u5b66\uff0c\u5e76\u9009\u62e9\u539f\u6cb9\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e13\u4e1a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7684\u804c\u4e1a\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4e13\u5bb6\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u89e3\u51b3\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ece\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u51cf\u5f31*<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e54\u6cbb\u4e9a\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5f8b\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u53f2\u6559\u6388\u7231\u5fb7\u534e\u00b7\u62c9\u5c14\u68ee(Edward Larson)\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u63a8\u7ffb\u8be5\u5dde\u4e0d\u51c6\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f00\u59cb\u9010\u6b65\u51cf\u5f31\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7231\u5fb7\u534e.\u62c9\u5c14\u68ee\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u53ea\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u5b97\u6559\u4eba\u58eb\u805a\u96c6\u7684\u5404\u5dde\u9887\u6709\u4e89\u8bae\uff0c\u5728\u8c61\u7ebd\u7ea6\u548c\u52a0\u5229\u798f\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5dde\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5219\u6ca1\u6709\u591a\u5927\u4e89\u8bae\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u50f5\u5c40\u4e00\u76f4\u6301\u7eed\u51e0\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u76f4\u52301968\u5e74\u624d\u53d1\u751f\u6539\u53d8\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
*\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u6559\u5b66\u518d\u5ea6\u5f15\u8d77\u4e89\u8bae*<\/p>\n
1968\u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u4e00\u6240\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u53c8\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u8d77\u6d89\u53ca\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u56de\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4ecb\u5165\u6b64\u6848\u5e76\u505a\u51fa\u5386\u53f2\u6027\u88c1\u51b3\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u662f\u201c\u57c3\u73c0\u68ee\u8d77\u8bc9\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u6848\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u82cf\u73ca.\u57c3\u73c0\u68ee\u662f\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u5c0f\u77f3\u57ce\u4e00\u6240\u516c\u7acb\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7684\u751f\u7269\u8001\u5e08\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u8be5\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u660e\u786e\u7981\u6b62\u6559\u6388\u6709\u5173\u4eba\u7c7b\u662f\u4ece\u4f4e\u7ea7\u52a8\u7269\u8fdb\u5316\u800c\u6765\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u6548\u4eff\u4e86\u7530\u7eb3\u897f\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u552f\u4e00\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u662f\uff0c\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u516c\u6c11\u6295\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\uff0c\u4e5f\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u516c\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u82cf\u73ca.\u57c3\u73c0\u68ee\u5728\u6559\u5b66\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u5979\u6240\u5728\u7684\u6821\u533a\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5979\u5de6\u53f3\u4e3a\u96be\u3002\u5979\u8981\u4e48\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u6750\u3002\u8981\u4e48\uff0c\u4e0d\u91c7\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u9762\u4e34\u88ab\u6821\u533a\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u7eaa\u5f8b\u5904\u5206\u7684\u5371\u9669\u3002\u82cf\u73ca.\u57c3\u73c0\u68ee\u6700\u540e\u51b3\u5b9a\u5411\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u53cd\u5bf9\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
*\u9ad8\u6cd5\u88c1\u51b3\u5141\u8bb8\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba*<\/p>\n
1968\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u51b3\u8bf4\uff0c\u963f\u80af\u8272\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u7406\u7531\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5404\u5dde\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u798f\u5854\u65af\u5927\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u4ee3\u8868\u6cd5\u5ead\u53d1\u8868\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5404\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5fc5\u987b\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u8981\u6c42\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5404\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u548c\u975e\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\u4fdd\u6301\u4e2d\u7acb\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5404\u5dde\u628a\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u6761\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5404\u5dde\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u7981\u6b62\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5dde\u8d1d\u52d2\u5927\u5b66\u653f\u6559\u7814\u7a76\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5f17\u6717\u897f\u65af.\u8d1d\u514b\u5a01\u65af\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u57c3\u73c0\u68ee\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u5ba1\u7406\u6709\u5173\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u548c\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6848\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u88c1\u51b3\u6d89\u53ca\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u7684\u6848\u5b50\u5f00\u521b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8003\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6cd5\u5ead\u88c1\u51b3\u8bf4\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4ee5\u9f13\u52b1\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u5185\u5bb9\u90fd\u5c06\u88ab\u6cd5\u5ead\u89c6\u4e3a\u8fdd\u53cd\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
*\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u4e4b\u5916*<\/p>\n
\u5230\u4e8620\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u53c8\u5728\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u8d77\u6848\u5b50\u4e2d\u5bf9\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4f5c\u4e86\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8865\u5145\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u56de\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u5bf9\u5168\u7f8e\u5404\u5dde\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5141\u8bb8\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u662f\u5fc5\u987b\u540c\u65f6\u6559\u6388\u5723\u7ecf\u7684\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u5b66\u751f\u5bb6\u957f\u4e8e\u662f\u63d0\u51fa\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u5411\u8fd9\u6761\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5baa\u6cd5\u6027\u63d0\u51fa\u6311\u6218\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u53f2\u8482\u82ac.\u76d6\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u653f\u5e9c\u58f0\u79f0\uff0c\u5b83\u6240\u505a\u7684\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u5728\u5730\u7403\u8d77\u6e90\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u4e3a\u5b66\u751f\u4eec\u63d0\u4f9b\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u5b66\u672f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u628a\u5404\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u4f20\u6388\u7ed9\u5b66\u751f\uff0c\u8ba9\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u5224\u65ad\u54ea\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
*\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ecb\u5165\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1*<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u96621987\u5e74\u88c1\u51b3\u8bf4\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u7eb3\u5dde\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u3002\u88c1\u51b3\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u6559\u6388\u6709\u5173\u8d85\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u9f13\u52b1\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u4e00\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u8fd9\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u4e0d\u80fd\u786e\u7acb\u56fd\u6559\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u88c1\u51b3\u8fd8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8def\u6613\u65af\u5b89\u90a3\u5dde\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u4e0d\u6559\u6388\u795e\u521b\u8bba\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u6559\u6388\u8fdb\u5316\u8bba\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f1a\u7834\u574f\u5411\u5b66\u751f\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u9762\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u6559\u5b66\u76ee\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8d21\u8428\u683c\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u5fb7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b\u534e\u76db\u987f\u5dde\u8d21\u8428\u683c\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u6234\u7ef4.\u5fb7\u6c83\u5c14\u592b(David DeWolf)\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u4f5b\u7f57\u91cc\u8fbe\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b66\u6cd5\u5b66\u9662\u6559\u6388\u53f2\u8482\u82ac.\u76d6\u5206\u6790\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u628a\u4fe1\u4ef0\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u6743\u4ea4\u7ed9\u4e86\u516c\u6c11\u4e2a\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n
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