{"id":23492,"date":"2011-09-08T11:57:50","date_gmt":"2011-09-08T16:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=23492"},"modified":"2011-09-08T11:57:50","modified_gmt":"2011-09-08T16:57:50","slug":"20110908%e4%b8%ad%e5%9b%bd%e6%8a%95%e8%b5%84%e7%a7%bb%e6%b0%91%e6%b1%82%e5%bf%ab-%e6%8e%92%e9%98%9f%e5%a4%b4%e5%ae%81%e5%80%8d%e4%bb%98%e8%b5%84%e9%87%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=23492","title":{"rendered":"20110908\/\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u6c42\u5feb \u6392\u961f\u5934\u5b81\u500d\u4ed8\u8d44\u91d1"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n-\u5eb7\u5c3c\u81f4\u529b\u675c\u7edd\u5047\u79fb\u6c11<\/p>\n

\n

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\u660e\u62a5\/\u8054\u90a6\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u8ba1\u5212\u6295\u8d44\u91d1\u989d\u5728\u53bb\u5e7412\u6708\u7ffb\u6da8\u4e00\u500d\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u672a\u5413\u9000\u65b0\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\uff0c\u8fde\u5df2\u642d\u4e0a\u65e7\u89c4\u5b9a40\u4e07\u5143\u6295\u8d44\u91d1\u989d\u201c\u672b\u73ed\u8f66\u201d\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60dc\u64a4\u56de\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u800c\u6539\u63d080\u4e07\u5143\u7684\u65b0\u4f8b\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u9a7b\u9999\u6e2f\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u5728\u53bb\u5e7412\u6708\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e00\u7684\u65b0\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u53bb\u5e745\u6708\u53ca6\u6708\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u8bf4\u660e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u4e00\u5fc3\u6c42\u5feb\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4ed8\u4e0a\u4e00\u500d\u6295\u8d44\u4e5f\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79fb\u6c11\u5f8b\u5e08\u674e\u514b\u4f26(Richard Kurland)\u53d6\u5f97\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u53bb\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\u4e3a\u6b62\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u5171\u670915,835\u5b97\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u79ef\u538b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u65b0\u4f8b80\u4e07\u5143\u6295\u8d44\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e00\u6765\u81ea\u65e7\u89c4\u5b9a40\u4e07\u5143\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\uff0c\u8fd9\u6279\u4eba\u5148\u529e\u7406\u64a4\u56de\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u529e\u740680\u4e07\u5143\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9999\u6e2f\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u79fb\u6c11\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u7406Jacobus Versteegh\u5728\u6587\u4ef6\u4e2d\u5f62\u5bb9\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u201d\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u6709\u5173\u73b0\u8c61\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0e\u79fb\u6c11\u987e\u95ee\u5efa\u8bae\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u64a4\u56de\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u6539\u63d0\u65b0\u4f8b\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u6709\u52a9\u4ece\u79ef\u538b\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e3e\u8df3\u5347\u81f3\u65b0\u4f8b\u79ef\u538b\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9886\u5148\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u66f4\u65e9\u83b7\u5f97\u53d7\u7406\u6709\u5173\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6587\u4ef6\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u9884\u671f\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f1a\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u7684\u79ef\u538b\u6570\u76ee\u201c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u77ed\u65f6\u95f4\u4e4b\u5185\u6709\u6240\u51cf\u5c11\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u674e\u514b\u4f26\u4ea6\u53d6\u5f97\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5728\u4eca\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u4e3b\u8981\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u5bf9\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u201c\u8eab\u5bb6\u201d(\u51c0\u8d44\u4ea7)\u53ca\u5e74\u9f84\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5e74\u9f84\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u4e3a34\u5c81\u81f349\u5c81\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\u4e3a32\u5c81\u81f359\u5c81\uff0c\u5357\u97e9\u5e73\u5747\u4e3a46\u5c81\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5e74\u9f84\u6700\u5927\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5219\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u6c34\u725b\u57ce\uff0c\u8be5\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5e74\u9f84\u4ece29\u5c81\u81f371\u5c81\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56de\u6d41\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u592b\u5987\u6765\u52a0\u65c5\u6e38\u906d\u9012\u89e3 \u8986\u6838\u6210\u529f\u5224\u91cd\u5ba1<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\/\u4e00\u5bf9\u9999\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u592b\u5987\u56e0\u4e3a1997\u5e74\u540e\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u98ce\u66b4\u3001\u5176\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u7269\u4e1a\u53d8\u6210\u8d1f\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u7ef4\u6301\u52a0\u6e2f\u4e24\u5934\u5bb6\u800c\u5168\u5bb6\u56de\u6d41\uff0c8\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5e26\u540c\u5728\u52a0\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u4ee5\u6e38\u5ba2\u8eab\u5206\u8fdb\u5165\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u5173\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u4e24\u592b\u5987\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5750\u591f\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u76d1\u201d\u7684\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5411\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u51fa\u9012\u89e3\u4ee4\u3002\u4e24\u592b\u5987\u6700\u540e\u4e0a\u8bc9\u81f3\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\uff0c\u7ec8\u88ab\u6cd5\u5b98\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5728\u7b7e\u53d1\u9063\u8fd4\u4ee4\u671f\u95f4\u72af\u4e86\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5224\u4e24\u4eba\u53f8\u6cd5\u8986\u6838\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u8fd8\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u91cd\u5ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5ead\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u9648\u6dd1\u82f1(Shuk Ying Chan\uff0c\u8bd1\u97f3)\u57281994\u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u52a0\u56fd\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5979\u968f\u540e\u7533\u8bf7\u4e08\u592b\u9ec4\u4f1f\u6684(Wai Huen Wong\uff0c\u8bd1\u97f3)\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4e08\u592b\u57281997\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u3002\u513f\u5b50\u57281996\u5e74\u5728\u52a0\u56fd\u51fa\u751f\uff0c\u662f\u52a0\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6587\u4ef6\u6307\uff0c\u9ec4\u4f1f\u6684\u5728\u6e2f\u6709\u4e00\u8d35\u4ef7\u7269\u4e1a\uff0c\u4f4698\u5e74\u9999\u6e2f\u697c\u5e02\u6ce1\u6cab\u7206\u7834\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u7269\u4e1a\u53d8\u6210\u8d1f\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4ed6\u4eec\u65e0\u80fd\u529b\u518d\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5c45\u4f4f\uff0c\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e09\u53e3\u57282000\u5e74\u56de\u6d41\u9999\u6e2f\u3002\u4e09\u4eba\u57282008\u5e74\u518d\u5ea6\u6765\u52a0\uff0c\u5374\u4ee5\u6e38\u5ba2\u8eab\u5206\u8fdb\u5165\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u88ab\u5173\u5458\u53d1\u73b0\u592b\u5987\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u52a0\u56fd\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u6ca1\u6709\u6ee1\u8db35\u5e74\u5c45\u4f4f\u81f3\u5c11730\u65e5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u56e0\u6b64\u5411\u592b\u5987\u4e8c\u4eba\u53d1\u51fa\u9012\u89e3\u4ee4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9012\u89e3\u4ee4\u7531\u4e00\u540d\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98(officer)\u4ee5\u4ee3\u8868\u7f72\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3b\u7ba1(acting chief)\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u540e\u518d\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u540d\u540c\u6837\u7ea7\u522b\u662fofficer\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u64b0\u5199\u62a5\u544a\uff0c\u786e\u8ba4\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u957f\u201d\u540c\u610f\u9012\u89e3\u4ee4\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u8fd8\u8bf4\u4e24\u4eba\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u867d\u662f\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u8db3\u591f\u7406\u636e\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u9053\u7acb\u573a\u7559\u4e0b\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u4efd\u62a5\u544a\u4e5f\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u7f72\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u201d\u540d\u4e49\u7b7e\u7f72\u3002<\/p>\n

\u592b\u5987\u4e0a\u8bc9\u81f3\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5c40\uff0c\u6307\u6839\u636e\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\uff0c\u7b7e\u53d1\u9063\u8fd4\u4ee4\u5e94\u8be5\u7531\u4e24\u7ea7\u5173\u5458\u6838\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u5206\u522b\u4e3a\u201cofficer\u201d\uff0c\u53ca\u7531\u201c\u90e8\u957f\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u201d(minister’s delegate)\u4ee3\u8868\u201c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u957f\u201d\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u90e8\u957f\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u201d\u5c31\u662f\u8be5\u540d\u7f72\u7406\u90e8\u95e8\u4e3b\u7ba1\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u592b\u5987\u5f8b\u5e08\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u660e\u663e\u7b7e\u53d1\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9012\u89e3\u4ee4\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u83b7\u5f97\u201c\u90e8\u957f\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u7b7e\u7f72\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4e24\u540d\u201cofficer\u201d\u4ee5\u5176\u540d\u4e49\u7b7e\u53d1\uff0c\u6709\u8fdd\u79fb\u6c11\u6cd5\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5c40\u5224\u592b\u5987\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u4e8e\u662f\u518d\u4e0a\u8bc9\u81f3\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u3002\u6cd5\u5b98Luc Martineau\u6700\u540e\u540c\u610f\u4e0a\u8bc9\u4eba\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u9648\u8bcd\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9012\u89e3\u4ee4\u7b7e\u53d1\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7684\u786e\u6709\u8bef\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5224\u51b3\u4e8c\u4eba\u5f97\u76f4\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u8986\u6838\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u53d1\u8fd8\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u5173\u5458\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11 \u4f63\u91d1\u7591\u906d\u704c\u6c34<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u65e5\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u962e\u8000\u6bc5\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u62a5\u5bfc\/\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u90fd\u900f\u8fc7\u79fb\u6c11\u987e\u95ee\u6216\u5f8b\u5e08\u9012\u4ea4\u7533\u8bf7\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e1491%\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u91d1\u201c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8005\u201d\uff08Facilitators\uff09\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u201c\u8d22\u52a1\u914d\u5957\u201d\uff08financial package\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u201c\u5b9a\u989d\u4e70\u65ad\u201d\uff08fixed price\uff09\u65b9\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u5404\u7701\u79fb\u6c11\u57fa\u91d1\u867d\u4e0e\u201c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8005\u201d\u8ba2\u6709\u4f63\u91d1\u4e0a\u9650\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4f63\u91d1\u8fdc\u9ad8\u4e8e\u6b64\uff0c\u4ee3\u7406\u4e3a\u4e89\u593a\u751f\u610f\u5404\u663e\u795e\u901a\u3002\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u62c5\u5fc3\u6709\u4eba\u523b\u610f\u704c\u6c34\uff0c\u5f71\u54cd\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79fb\u6c11\u901a\u8baf\u6742\u5fd7Lexbase9\u6708\u53f7\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u8baf\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\uff08Access to Information Act\uff09\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5185\u90e8\u7edf\u8ba1\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\uff0c2010\u5e74\u6709\u9ad8\u8fbe99.35%\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u662f\u900f\u8fc7\u57fa\u91d1\u201c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8005\u201d\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u987e\u95ee\u6216\u5f8b\u5e08\u9001\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e1491%\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u63a5\u53d7\u57fa\u91d1\u201c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8005\u201d\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u8d22\u52a1\u914d\u5957\uff0c\u4ee5\u5b9a\u989d\u4e70\u65ad\u65b9\u5f0f\u7533\u8bf7\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u4e14\u4e70\u65ad\u91d1\u989d\u5219\u6839\u636e\u57fa\u91d1\u6240\u5728\u7701\u5206\u53ca\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u6240\u5728\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8005\u201d\u5411\u57fa\u91d1\u6240\u5728\u7701\u5206\u6536\u53d6\u4f63\u91d1\u662f\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5c45\u95f4\u534f\u8c03\u540e\u7684\u5408\u7ea6\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u91d1\u989d40\u4e07\u5143\u8005\uff0c\u4f63\u91d1\u4e0a\u9650\u4e3a2\u4e078000\u5143\uff1b\u6295\u8d4480\u4e07\u5143\u8005\uff0c\u4e0a\u96504\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u62db\u52df\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u6295\u8d4440\u4e07\u5143\u7684\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u201c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8005\u201d\u6240\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u4f63\u91d1\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u52304\u52306\u4e07\u5143\u3002\u53bb\u5e74\u6295\u8d44\u95e8\u69db\u63d0\u9ad8\u523080\u4e07\u5143\u540e\uff0c\u4f63\u91d1\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u62ff\u523010\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u8981\u7531\u53c2\u52a0\u8054\u90a6\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u52a0\u56fd\u91d1\u878d\u4e1a\u8005\u7ec4\u6210\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8005\u8c18\u8be2\u7ec4\u7ec7\u201d\uff08Facilitator ‘ Advisory Group\uff09\u5219\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4ee3\u7406\u4e1a\u8005\u89c1\u5230\u6295\u8d44\u95e8\u69db\u589e\u81f380\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u6545\u610f\u4e32\u8c0b\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e70\u65ad\u4ef7\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u5c06\u6210\u672c\u704c\u6c34\uff0c\u8ba9\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u652f\u4ed8\u66f4\u9ad8\u8d39\u7528\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u4ee4\u4eba\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u635f\u53ca\u201c\u63a8\u5e7f\u8005\u201d\u7684\u4f01\u4e1a\u58f0\u8a89\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u65e0\u6cd5\u5355\u65b9\u9762\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f63\u91d1\u7531\u5404\u7701\u652f\u4ed8\uff0c\u5c5e\u5546\u4e1a\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u7ba1\u8f96\u4e4b\u5185\u3002\u9b41\u7701\u57fa\u91d1\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e14\u652f\u4ed8\u7684\u4f63\u91d1\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u8bb0\u8005\u674e\u7fa4\/\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u53bb\u5e74\u5e95\u5c06\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u989d\u5ea6\u95e8\u69db\u753140\u4e07\u5143\u63d0\u9ad8\u81f380\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u4f46\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2a\u6848\u7ee7\u7eed\u731b\u589e\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6848\u4ef6\u79ef\u538b\u957f\u8fbe3\u5e74\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u8bbe\u5728\u9999\u6e2f\u7684\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u79ef\u538b\u4e2a\u6848\u5c31\u591a\u8fbe15,835\u5b97\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u8d44\u4ea7\u989d\u9ad8\u8fbe63\u4ebf\u5143\u3002\u672c\u5730\u79fb\u6c11\u4e1a\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u5de8\u989d\u8d44\u4ea7\u88ab\u963b\u56fd\u95e8\u5916\u662f\u5de8\u5927\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u52a0\u56fd\u5e94\u518d\u5ea6\u63d0\u9ad8\u6295\u8d44\u989d\u5ea6\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u753180\u4e07\u5143\u5347\u81f3120\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5e93\u5170\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u4e0d\u4e45\u524d\u5ba3\u5e032011\u5e74\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u914d\u989d\u4e3a700\u4e2a\uff0c\u5728\u6570\u5929\u5185\u5c31\u88ab\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u62a2\u5149\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u660e\u52a0\u56fd\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u95e8\u69db\u201c\u5b9a\u4ef7\u8fc7\u4f4e\u201d\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u8bae\uff0c\u6295\u8d44\u989d\u5ea6\u95e8\u69db\u5e94\u753180\u4e07\u5143\u6da8\u81f3120\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u4e2a\u4eba\u51c0\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e5f\u5e94\u7531160\u4e07\u5143\u6da8\u81f3250\u4e07\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e93\u5170\u8bf4\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u8fbe\u5230\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8c03\u6da8\u540e\u7684\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2a\u6848\u79ef\u538b3\u5e74\u8ba1\u7b97\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u76f4\u81f32015\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u5e74\u5ea6\u6279\u51c6\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4e0d\u63d0\u9ad8\u95e8\u69db\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u635f\u5931\u6570\u5341\u4ebf\u5143\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53bb\u5e7412\u670816\u65e5\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u9a7b\u9999\u6e2f\u603b\u9886\u4e8b\u9986\u9886\u4e8b\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u9879\u76ee\u7ecf\u7406\u5f17\u65af\u8482\u683c\uff08Jim Versteegh\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6536\u5230\u7684\u65b0\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u7ea6\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u53d6\u6d88\u4e86\u65e9\u524d\u7533\u8bf7\uff08\u591a\u6570\u57282010\u5e745\u6708\u81f36\u6708\u95f4\uff09\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\u518d\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u5176\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ee3\u7406\u7533\u8bf7\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u987e\u95ee\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u81ea\u65e7\u95e8\u69db\u4e2d\u957f\u957f\u7684\u7b49\u5f85\u961f\u4f0d\u4e2d\u8131\u8eab\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u95e8\u69db\u7533\u8bf7\u961f\u4f0d\u4e2d\u6392\u5728\u9760\u524d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9999\u6e2f\u79ef\u538b\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u56fd\u5185\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u3002\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u79ef\u538b\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5e73\u5747\u51c0\u8d44\u4ea7\u63a5\u8fd1230\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u5e73\u5747\u5e74\u9f84\u4e3a41\u5c81\uff0c\u5e74\u8f7b\u7533\u8bf7\u8005\u5f88\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5317\u4eac\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u8d44\u4ea7\u5e73\u5747229\u4e07\u514341\u5c81<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u8bb0\u8005\u62a5\u9053\/\u636e\u6700\u65b0\u4e00\u671f\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u8d44\u8baf\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5404\u5730\u8bb8\u591a\u52a0\u56fd\u79fb\u6c11\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\uff0c\u6240\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u51fa\u73b0\u660e\u663e\u548c\u4e0d\u540c\u7279\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e2a\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u7684\u6982\u51b5\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u25a0\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u8d44\u4ea7\u51c0\u503c\u76f8\u5bf9\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u9ad8\u8fbe229\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u5e74\u9f84\u5219\u8f83\u8f7b\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u53ea\u670941\u5c81\u30029\uff05\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u62e5\u6709\u7855\u58eb\u6216\u535a\u58eb\u5b66\u4f4d\u3002\u6240\u6709\u572834\u5c81\u81f349\u5c81\u4e4b\u95f4\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5e74\u9f84\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5987\u4e0d\u5b9e\u8868\u8ff0\u53d6\u6d88\u79fb\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u9a73\u56de<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u8bb0\u8005\u62a5\u9053\/\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79fb\u6c11\u5f53\u5c40\u4e25\u5389\u53d6\u7f14\u5728\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u865a\u62a5\u8d44\u6599\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u4e00\u540d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5973\u5b50\u7531\u52a0\u7c4d\u4e08\u592b\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u4e8e2003\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u56fd\u540e\uff0c\u88ab\u4e08\u592b\u63ed\u53d1\u5979\u6240\u751f\u4e00\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u5e76\u975e\u5df1\u51fa\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u4e0d\u4f46\u79bb\u5a5a\u6536\u573a\uff0c\u8fd8\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u65f6\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u5b9e\u8868\u8ff0\uff08misrepresentation\uff09\u800c\u906d\u53d6\u6d88\u79fb\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u4eca\u5e747\u6708\u4e0a\u8bc9\u81f3\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u8d25\u8bc9\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u9762\u4e34\u9063\u8fd4\u4e2d\u56fd\u547d\u8fd0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u4e0a\u8bc9\u4eba\u540d\u4e3a\u6c5f\u83b2\u6ce2\uff08Lian Bo Jiang\uff0c\u8bd1\u97f3\uff09\uff0c\u5979\u57282001\u5e7412\u6708\u548c\u4e00\u52a0\u7c4d\u7537\u5b50\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ed3\u5a5a\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u80b2\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u548c\u53e6\u4e00\u7537\u5b50\u6240\u751f\u5973\u513f\u3002\u5979\u57282002\u5e7411\u6708\u53c8\u751f\u4e0b\u4e00\u4e2a\u513f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

2003\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u6c5f\u83b2\u6ce2\u548c\u5973\u513f\u83b7\u5f97\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u79fb\u6c11\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u800c\u5979\u7684\u513f\u5b50\u5219\u56e0\u7236\u4eb2\u662f\u52a0\u56fd\u516c\u6c11\u800c\u81ea\u52a8\u53d6\u5f97\u52a0\u7c4d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u8be5\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u6000\u7591\u5f53\u65f6\u4ec5\u534a\u5c81\u5927\u7684\u7537\u5a74\u5e76\u975e\u4ed6\u6240\u751f\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u505a\u4e86DNA\u8840\u7f18\u9274\u8bc1\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u53d1\u73b0\u4ed6\u4e0d\u662f\u5b69\u5b50\u751f\u7236\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u6c5f\u83b2\u6ce2\u4e8e2004\u5e74\u79bb\u5a5a\u3002<\/p>\n

2006\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5c31\u6c5f\u83b2\u6ce2\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\u4e3e\u884c\u8046\u8baf\uff0c\u5979\u5728\u8046\u8baf\u4e2d\u9996\u6b21\u900f\u9732\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u57282002\u5e742\u6708\u906d\u4eba\u6027\u4fb5\u72af\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u8be5\u5e743\u6708\u81f34\u6708\u53d1\u73b0\u5df2\u6000\u5b55\u3002\u4f46\u5979\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u65f6\u5e76\u65e0\u544a\u8bc9\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\uff0c\u8be5\u5b69\u5b50\u751f\u7236\u6216\u53e6\u6709\u5176\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

2008\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u53d6\u6d88\u6c5f\u83b2\u6ce2\u53ca\u5979\u7684\u5973\u513f\u79fb\u6c11\u8d44\u683c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0b\u4ee4\u628a\u5979\u4eec\u9012\u89e3\u51fa\u5883\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u65f6\u84c4\u610f\u6216\u95f4\u63a5\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e0d\u5b9e\u8868\u8ff0\u3002\u5979\u4eec\u5411\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u4e0a\u8bc9\u90e8\u95e8\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6c5f\u83b2\u6ce2\u8d25\u8bc9\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7684\u5973\u513f\u5219\u83b7\u51c6\u4ee5\u4eba\u9053\u548c\u540c\u60c5\u7406\u7531\u7559\u5728\u52a0\u56fd\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u5979\u7684\u513f\u5b50\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u6bcd\u5f02\u7236\u59d0\u59d0\u7ee7\u7eed\u5728\u52a0\u56fd\u751f\u6d3b\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5b98\u62c9\u585e\u5c14\uff08James Russell\uff09\u672c\u5e747\u6708\u4f5c\u51fa\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u9a73\u56de\u6c5f\u83b2\u6ce2\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u8986\u6838\u7533\u8bf7\u3002<\/p>\n

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