{"id":17621,"date":"2010-10-30T01:55:35","date_gmt":"2010-10-30T06:55:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=17621"},"modified":"2010-11-01T02:39:53","modified_gmt":"2010-11-01T07:39:53","slug":"20101030%e9%99%88%e6%97%ba%e6%88%8f%e5%89%a7%e6%80%a7%e8%8e%b7%e6%92%a4%e6%8e%a7%ef%bc%8c%e6%b3%95%e5%ae%98%e6%96%a5%e5%8f%b8%e6%b3%95%e5%85%ac%e6%ad%a3%e9%81%ad%e6%93%8d%e6%8e%a7%e5%85%ac%e4%bc%97%e5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=17621","title":{"rendered":"20101030\/\u9648\u65fa\u620f\u5267\u6027\u83b7\u64a4\u63a7\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u65a5\u53f8\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u906d\u64cd\u63a7\u516c\u4f17\u540c\u60c5\u5939\u51fb"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n-\u9648\u65fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c3f<\/p>\n

\n

\u8b66\u65b9\u65e0\u8fc7\u9648\u65fa\u65e0\u7f6a \u6cd5\u5b98\u65a5\u53f8\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u906d\u64cd\u63a7\u516c\u4f17\u540c\u60c5\u5939\u51fb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\/\u62d6\u5ef6\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u7684\u4e2d\u533a\u534e\u57e0\u91d1\u725b\u57ce\u8d85\u5e02\u534e\u88d4\u5e97\u4e1c\u9648\u65fa\u6349\u8d3c\u53cd\u88ab\u63a7\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u6628\u65e5\u7ec8\u4e8e\u5ba1\u7ed3\uff0c\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u5224\u9648\u65fa\u53ca\u4ed6\u7684\u4e24\u540d\u96c7\u5458\u65e0\u7f6a\u83b7\u91ca\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8bc1\u4f9b\u6709\u7591\u70b9\uff0c\u5c06\u7591\u70b9\u5229\u76ca\u5f52\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u800c\u88c1\u5b9a\u9648\u65fa\u7b493\u4eba\u65e0\u7f6a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6848\u4ef6\u5e76\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u4e3a\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e3a\u5e02\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u4f5c\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u94e8\u91ca(\u8be6\u89c1\u53e6\u6587)\u3002\u6cd5\u5b98\u5224\u6848\u65f6\u53c8\u4e25\u5389\u6279\u8bc4\u5a92\u4f53\u3001\u8fa9\u65b9\u5f8b\u5e08\u53ca\u8bc1\u4eba\uff0c\u4ee5\u8206\u8bba\u5ba1\u5224\uff0c\u4f7f\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u53ca\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba1\u6848\u65f6\u5907\u53d7\u538b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u6b4c\u91cc(Justice Ramez Khawly)\u5728\u5224\u8bcd\u4e2d\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u542c\u8fc7\u63a7\u8fa9\u53cc\u65b9\u7684\u8bc1\u636e\u540e\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u660e\u767d\u6848\u53d1\u5f53\u5929\u7a76\u7adf\u53d1\u751f\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ee4\u4ed6\u6ee1\u610f\u5730\u53ca\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u5730\u5224\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u7ed3\u8bba\u662f\u4ed6\u6709\u5408\u7406\u6000\u7591\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06\u7591\u70b9\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5f52\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u4ee5\u8bc1\u636e\u4e0d\u8db3\u65e0\u6cd5\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4ed6\u4eec\u6709\u7f6a\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u4ed6\u4eec\u88ad\u51fb\u53ca\u975e\u6cd5\u7981\u9522\u7b49\u63a7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b66\u65b9\u5173\u6ce8\u534e\u57e0\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0d\u8db3<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u6b4c\u91cc\u53c8\u79f0\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u88ab\u4f20\u5a92\u5e7f\u6cdb\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u8fde\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u592a\u9633\u62a5\u4ea6\u4ee5\u5934\u7248\u520a\u767b\u5ba1\u8baf\u7684\u65b0\u95fb\uff0c\u672c\u5730\u66f4\u6709\u77e5\u540d\u62a5\u7eb8\u5728\u5934\u7248\u5927\u5b57\u6807\u9898\u8981\u6c42\u63a7\u65b9\u653e\u5f03\u68c0\u63a7\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba1\u6848\u65f6\u5907\u53d7\u538b\u529b\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5f8b\u5e08\u6797\u5f7c\u5fb7(Peter Lindsay)\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5458\u662f\u5426\u5408\u8d44\u683c\u7ea0\u7f20\uff0c\u4f7f\u6cd5\u5ead\u6d6a\u8d39\u4e86\u4e24\u5929\u5b9d\u8d35\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ed6\u75db\u9a82\u4f20\u5a92\u3001\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u53ca\u88ab\u544a\u4eec\u91c7\u53d6\u5f88\u591a\u59ff\u6001\u6765\u64cd\u63a7\u516c\u4f17\u540c\u60c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5939\u51fb\u53f8\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u53c8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8b66\u65b9\u5728\u672c\u6848\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u662f\u65e0\u53ef\u539a\u975e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5230\u8fbe\u5230\u73b0\u573a\u7684\u8b66\u5458\u63a5\u5230\u4f18\u5148\u5904\u7406\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u3002\u5230\u573a\u8981\u6c42\u9648\u65fa\u7684\u8ff7\u4f60\u8d27\u8f66\u505c\u4e0b\uff0c\u8be5\u90e8\u8ff7\u4f60\u8d27\u8f66\u5219\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u8f6c\u5165\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u8def\u53e3\u624d\u505c\u8f66\u3002\u8b66\u5458\u53c8\u89c1\u5230\u73ed\u70c8\u7279(Anthony Bennett)\u88ab\u7ed1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c06\u9648\u65fa\u7b493\u4eba\u62d8\u6355\uff0c\u5e26\u56de\u8b66\u5c40\u4f5c\u8131\u8863\u68c0\u67e5\u90fd\u662f\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8b66\u5bdf\u7684\u8d23\u4efb\u662f\u5bf9\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u7684\u4e8b\u4f5c\u51fa\u6000\u7591\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u5982\u6d4b\u6bd2\u6c14\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0<\/p>\n

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\u6b4c\u91cc\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u8b66\u65b9\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5173\u6ce8\u534e\u57e0\u4e8b\u52a1\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u201c\u6253\u7834\u73bb\u7483\u7a97\u539f\u7406\u201d\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e9b\u8f7b\u5fae\u7684\u7f6a\u6848\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u8d77\u4e0d\u4e86\u963b\u5413\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u611f\u4f1a\u4e0d\u65ad\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u9648\u65fa\u4f01\u56fe\u586b\u8865\u53f8\u6cd5\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7a7a\u767d\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u662f\u8981\u505a\u4e00\u53ea\u5728\u77ff\u5751\u6d4b\u8bd5\u662f\u5426\u6709\u6bd2\u6c14\u7684\u91d1\u4e1d\u96c0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u8bc1\u4eba\u53ef\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4f4e<\/p>\n

\u6b4c\u91cc\u53c8\u79f0\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8fd1\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b66\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6709\u7535\u89c6\u5f55\u5f71\u76d1\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u5730\u5f55\u5230\u73ed\u70c8\u7279\u5077\u82b1\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u4ea6\u627f\u8ba4\u518d\u6b21\u56de\u5230\u91d1\u725b\u57ce\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\u662f\u60f3\u518d\u5077\u7a83\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4ed6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u518d\u5077\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u5176\u5077\u7a83\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5ef6\u7eed\u3002\u6cd5\u5b98\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5baa\u6cd5494\u7684\u6761\u6587\u5e94\u6709\u5f39\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u540c\u610f\u9648\u65fa\u53ca\u5176\u4e24\u540d\u804c\u5458\u9648\u6377\u4e0e\u674e\u52e4\u5e73\u7684\u4ee5\u73ed\u70c8\u7279(Anthony Bennett)\u4f1a\u7ee7\u7eed\u5077\u7a83\u4e3a\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u7684\u6349\u8d3c\u884c\u52a8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5e02\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b4c\u91cc\u53c8\u8bc4\u51fb\u672c\u6848\u6240\u6709\u8bc1\u4eba\u7684\u53ef\u4fe1\u7a0b\u5ea6\u90fd\u4f4e\uff0c\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u907f\u91cd\u5c31\u8f7b\u3002\u4ed6\u7279\u522b\u63d0\u5230\u4e3b\u63a7\u5b98\u9ea6\u8fea\u8499(Eugene McDermott)\u5728\u76d8\u95ee\u9648\u65fa\u65f6\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u7684\u4f9b\u8bcd\u5e76\u4e0d\u8fde\u8d2f\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f01\u56fe\u7528\u4f9b\u8bcd\u4ee4\u5230\u4ed6\u66f4\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8bc1\u4f9b\u5145\u6ee1\u56de\u907f\uff0c\u4e92\u76f8\u77db\u76fe\u548c\u96be\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u7f6e\u4fe1\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4ed6\u4eec\u4f1a\u7528\u7ef3\u6346\u7ed1\u7a83\u8d31\u73ed\u70c8\u7279\u7684\u624b\u811a\uff0c\u6b4c\u91cc\u4ece\u6765\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u9648\u65fa\u53e3\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u4ed6\u4ea6\u6307\u8d23\u5f53\u9648\u65fa\u4eec\u5728\u62d8\u6355\u53ca\u642c\u73ed\u70c8\u7279\u4e0a\u8f66\u65f6\u3002\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u6070\u5f53\u7684\u6b66\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u64a4\u9500\u4e09\u4eba\u6240\u6709\u63a7\u7f6a<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u8b66\u65b9\u5bf9\u534e\u57e0\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5173\u6ce8\u548c\u884c\u52a8\u7f13\u6162\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u534e\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u4ea7\u751f\u201c\u9053\u5fb7\u72ac\u5112\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d(Moral Cynicism)\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4ed6\u8fd9\u6b21\u88c1\u51b3\u7684\u8f6c\u6369\u70b9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u6b4c\u91cc\u5728\u5ba3\u8bfb\u5b8c\u5224\u8bcd\u540e\uff0c\u968f\u5373\u547d\u4ee4\u9648\u65fa\u53ca\u5176\u4e24\u540d\u804c\u5458\u9648\u6377\u4e0e\u674e\u52e4\u5e73\u8d77\u7acb\u542c\u53d6\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5ba3\u5e03\u64a4\u9500\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u6709\u63a7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u63a7\u5b98\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\/\u9648\u65fa\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u9ea6\u8fea\u8499(Eugene McDermott)\u4e8e\u6848\u4ef6\u5ba1\u7ed3\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u5916\u5bf9\u4f20\u5a92\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5211\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u63a7\u65b9\u662f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4e3e\u8bc1\uff0c\u4f7f\u88ab\u544a\u5728\u4eb3\u65e0\u7591\u70b9\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u800c\u6cd5\u5b98\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u6848\u4e2d\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7591\u70b9\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u64a4\u6d88\u88ab\u544a3\u4eba\u7684\u6240\u6709\u63a7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u8fea\u8499\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u4f20\u5a92\u8ba4\u4e3a\u63a7\u65b9\u4e0d\u5e94\u7ee7\u7eed\u8ba9\u6848\u4ef6\u5ba1\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u4f46\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u53ca\u8b66\u65b9\u662f\u6709\u8d23\u4efb\u4fdd\u62a4\u53ca\u540c\u60c5\u5e02\u6c11\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd2\u72af\u548c\u7f6a\u72af\u4ea6\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u9700\u8981\u53d7\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u662f\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ea6\u5305\u62ec\u7f6a\u72af\u3002\u867d\u7136\u8fd9\u6837\u4f1a\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u516c\u5e73\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b9e\u65bd\u4e86500\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u8fea\u8499\u53c8\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e2a\u522b\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4f1a\u6210\u4e3a\u4e00\u4ef6\u540c\u7c7b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u5e76\u975e\u4ed6\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\u800c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u4e0e\u5426\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5f8b\u653f\u90e8\u95e8\u5728\u8986\u6838\u6848\u4ef6\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u53f8\u6cd5\u6f0f\u6d1e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9ea6\u8fea\u8499\u53c8\u79f0\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u4f1a\u5c31\u6bcf\u4ef6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6848\u7ee7\u7eed\u68c0\u63a7\u72af\u4e0a\u540c\u7c7b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5546\u5e97\u4e1c\u4e3b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u4ee3\u8868\u5f8b\u5e08\u6797\u5f7c\u5fb7(Peter Lindsay)\u5219\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u5341\u5206\u611f\u8c22\u80fd\u591f\u5f97\u5230\u793e\u533a\u5185\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6797\u5f7c\u5fb7\u4f5c\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u611f\u8c22\uff0c\u6797\u5f7c\u5fb7\u4ea6\u4e3a\u9648\u65fa\u6848\u7ec8\u4e8e\u65e0\u7f6a\u5b8c\u7ed3\u800c\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u5174\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u6307\u6848\u4ef6\u4f3c\u717d\u60c5\u5267\u672c \u9648\u65fa\u620f\u5267\u6027\u83b7\u64a4\u63a7<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\/\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u4e2d\u533a\u534e\u57e0\u91d1\u725b\u57ce\u8d85\u5e02\u8001\u677f\u9648\u65fa\u53ca\u4e24\u540d\u804c\u5de5\uff0c\u6628\u5929\u83b7\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u534e\u91cc(Ramez Khawly)\u5224\u5904\u201c\u8bc1\u4f9b\u672a\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6709\u7f6a\u201d\uff0c\u64a4\u9500\u5bf93\u4eba\u7684\u88ad\u51fb\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ca\u5f3a\u884c\u7981\u9522\u7b49\u63a7\u7f6a\uff0c\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6709\u6743\u4e8e30\u5929\u5185\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u534e\u91cc\u5728\u5ba3\u5224\u524d\uff0c\u6307\u9648\u65fa\u6848\u4f3c\u717d\u60c5\u7535\u5f71\u5267\u672c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6d89\u53ca\u52e4\u52b3\u79fb\u6c11\u65e0\u8f9c\u88ab\u63a7\uff1f\u8b66\u5bdf\u4e0d\u6349\u8d3c\u517c\u91cd\u624b\u68c0\u63a7\uff1f\u672c\u56fd\u6cd5\u4f8b\u51b7\u8840\u4e0d\u516c\uff1f\u591a\u5e02\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u95ee\u9898\uff1f\u7b49\u6865\u6bb5\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5f15\u6765\u5168\u56fd\u4f20\u5a92\u62a5\u9053\uff0c\u4eff\u4f3c\u7535\u5f71\u8282\u4e2d\u7684\u54c4\u52a8(buzz)\u7535\u5f71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5224\u6848\u9648\u8bcd\u903e1\u5c0f\u65f6 \u5cf0\u56de\u8def\u8f6c<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5b9e\u6cd5\u5b98\u76841\u4e2a\u591a\u5c0f\u65f6\u5224\u6848\u9648\u8bcd\u5185\u5bb9\u4e5f\u5145\u6ee1\u5267\u672c\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u4ed6\u4e00\u76f4\u504f\u5411\u5c0f\u5077\u7684\u8bc1\u4f9b\uff0c\u6307\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8bc1\u4f9b\u6709\u70b9\u50cf\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5f3a\u70c8\u6279\u8bc4\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u6709\u8fc7\u5206\u52a8\u6b66\u4e4b\u5acc\uff0c\u4ee4\u542c\u5ba1\u8005\u611f\u5230\u5224\u5904\u6709\u7f6a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6781\u5927\u3002\u4f46\u81f3\u603b\u7ed3\u65f6\u5cf0\u56de\u8def\u8f6c\uff0c\u51fa\u4eba\u610f\u8868\u5730\u6307\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u8fc7\u4efd\u7528\u6b66\u7684\u6307\u63a7\u4ecd\u6709\u201c\u8db3\u591f\u7591\u70b9\u201d ( have reasonable doubt)\uff0c\u6545\u5224\u59043\u4eba\u83b7\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6324\u6ee1\u6cd5\u5ead\u7684\u5927\u6279\u9648\u65fa\u652f\u6301\u8005\u968f\u5373\u62cd\u638c\u53eb\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6848\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u9ea6\u514b\u5fb7\u83ab\u7279(Eugene McDermott)\u5728\u5ead\u5916\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5b98\u5224\u51b3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u4f46\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u6709\u6743\u4e8e30\u5929\u5185\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e3b\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u534e\u91cc\u540c\u610f\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u6797\u5f7c\u5f97\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u6307\u9648\u65fa\u5f53\u65f6\u662f\u611f\u5230\u5c0f\u5077\u4f2f\u5185\u7279\u662f\u6298\u8fd4\u518d\u5077\uff0c\u800c\u4f2f\u5185\u7279\u51fa\u5ead\u4f5c\u4f9b\u65f6\uff0c\u4e5f\u81ea\u8ba4\u5077\u7a83\u540e1\u5c0f\u65f6\u6298\u8fd4\u662f\u6253\u7b97\u518d\u5077\uff0c\u53e6\u5e38\u7406\u662f\u5e97\u4e1c\u751a\u96be\u4e8e\u6b63\u5728\u5077\u7a83\u65f6\u6349\u8d3c\u3002\u6545\u9648\u65fa\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u5f53\u573a\u6349\u8d3c\uff0c\u672a\u6709\u8fdd\u53cd\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u7b2c494\u6761\uff0c\u8981\u4e8e\u5c0f\u5077\u6b63\u5728\u5077\u7a83\u65f6\u624d\u53ef\u81ea\u884c\u62d8\u6355\u7684\u6cd5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u8d77\u521d\u4e8e\u5224\u8bcd\u4e2d\u79f0\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u4f8b\u4e5f\u58f0\u660e\u81ea\u884c\u62d8\u6355\u65f6\u4e0d\u53ef\u8fc7\u5206\u7528\u6b66\uff0c\u6709\u8bc1\u4f9b\u6307\u88ab\u544a\u6253\u8fc7\u5c0f\u5077\uff0c\u5c06\u4ed6\u7ed1\u624b\u3001\u7ed1\u811a\uff0c\u6389\u8fdb\u5176\u9001\u8d27\u8f66\u5185\u9a7e\u8f66\u79bb\u5f00\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u95f43\u540d\u88ab\u544a\u90fd\u65e0\u62a5\u8b66\uff0c\u6709\u8fc7\u5206\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5acc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u4ed6\u603b\u7ed3\u65f6\u5219\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u542c\u5b8c\u6240\u6709\u8bc1\u4f9b\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u786e\u5b9a\u6848\u53d1\u7ecf\u8fc7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5224\u51b3\u201c\u8bc1\u4f9b\u672a\u80fd\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6709\u7f6a\u201d(not proven were it available to me)\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u7f6a\u6216\u65e0\u7f6a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6307\u9648\u65fa\u7684\u8bc1\u4f9b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u6700\u611f\u5370\u8c61\u7684\u662f\u9648\u65fa\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5f53\u65f6\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5e94\u600e\u505a\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u534e\u91cc\u611f\u5230\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u7b493\u4eba\u6839\u672c\u5bf9\u5e73\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6cd5\u4f8b\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5e73\u6c11\u4e0d\u53ef\u968f\u4fbf\u81ea\u884c\u6267\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u534e\u91cc\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u9648\u65fa\u7b493\u4eba\u5f53\u65f6\u5305\u56f4\u7740\u5c0f\u5077\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u53ea\u662f5\u5c3a6\u540b\u9ad8\u7626\u5c0f\u8eab\u6750\u768452\u5c81\u4e2d\u5e74\u6c49\uff0c\u4e3a\u4f55\u8981\u7ed1\u4ed6\u624b\u3001\u811a\u5462\uff1f\u9648\u65fa\u53eb1\u540d\u9001\u8d27\u804c\u5de5\u53bb\u62a5\u8b66\uff0c\u4f46\u8be5\u804c\u5de5\u8bf4\u8981\u5148\u53bb\u63a5\u542c\u5ba2\u6237\u7684\u7535\u8bdd\uff0c\u987e\u5ba2\u7b2c\u4e00\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6307\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5c0f\u5077\u4f2f\u5185\u7279\u6848\u5e95\u7d2f\u7d2f\uff0c\u4ed6\u7a0d\u4e3a\u76f8\u4fe1\u5c0f\u5077\u4f2f\u5185\u7279\u7684\u8bc1\u4f9b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4ed6\u4f5c\u4f9b\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u9ad8\u5174\u89c1\u5230\u8b66\u5458\u5230\u573a\uff0c\u56e0\u6211\u5bb3\u60153\u4eba\u600e\u6837\u5904\u7f6e\u6211\uff01\u2026\u2026\u6211\u662f\u5077\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5426\u5e94\u8be5\u5c06\u6211\u7ed1\u8d77\uff0c\u6389\u8fdb\u9001\u8d27\u8f66\u5185\uff1f\u201d<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u534e\u91cc\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8b66\u65b9\u8fa9\u62a4\uff0c\u6307\u8bc1\u4f9b\u6307\u5f53\u65f6\u67094\u4eba\u81f4\u7535911\u62a5\u8b66\uff0c\u8bf4\u6709\u591a\u81f34\u4eba\u62531\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u8b66\u65b9\u5230\u573a\u89c1\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u88ab\u7ed1\u4e8e\u8d27\u8f66\u5185\u800c\u62d8\u63a73\u540d\u88ab\u544a\u3002\u8b66\u65b9\u5f53\u65f6\u4e0d\u77e5\u88ab\u7ed1\u8005\u662f\u5c0f\u5077\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u6309\u7ae0\u53d1\u51fa\u63a7\u7f6a\uff0c\u6545\u6279\u8bc4\u8b66\u65b9\u91cd\u624b\u68c0\u63a7\u6709\u70b9\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u5f81\u8be2\u8fc7\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u624d\u575a\u6301\u63a7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6307\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u53ef\u5efa\u8bae\u8b66\u65b9\u589e\u52a0\u63a7\u7f6a\uff0c\u6216\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5b98\u64a4\u9500\u4e00\u4e9b\u63a7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u8be5\u6848\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u8d28\u7591\u9648\u65fa\u7b493\u4eba\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u516c\u4f17\u8206\u8bba\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5e76\u4e0d\u540c\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6848\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u9ea6\u514b\u5fb7\u83ab\u7279\u5728\u5ead\u5916\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6709\u4f20\u5a92\u6307\u8be5\u6848\u7684\u63a7\u7f6a\u65e9\u5e94\u64a4\u9500\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u5e94\u662f\u4eba\u4eba\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u763e\u541b\u5b50\u53ca\u5c0f\u5077\u90fd\u5e94\u540c\u6837\u83b7\u5f97\u4fdd\u62a4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u7eed\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8be5\u6848\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5148\u4f8b\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u5e97\u4e3b\u4ecd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u968f\u4fbf\u81ea\u884c\u6349\u8d3c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u4e0e\u4e24\u540d\u8d85\u5e02\u804c\u5458\u6349\u5c0f\u5077\u88ab\u63a7\u6848\uff0c\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u81f3\u53bb\u5e74\u5e95\u624d\u64a4\u95003\u4eba\u7684\u7ed1\u67b6\u548c\u6697\u85cf\u6b66\u5668\u4e24\u9879\u63a7\u7f6a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4fdd\u7559\u5f3a\u884c\u7981\u9522\u548c\u88ad\u51fb\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e24\u9879\u7f6a\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6848\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e\u53bb\u5e745\u670823\u65e5\uff0c3\u540d\u88ab\u544a\u6d89\u5acc\u5728\u767b\u6253\u58eb\u897f\u8857\u5939\u58eb\u5df4\u4e39\u62ff\u8def\u4e00\u5e26\uff0c\u5c06\u6349\u5230\u5077\u76c6\u683d\u7684\u4f2f\u5185\u7279\u7684\u624b\u3001\u811a\u6346\u7ed1\uff0c\u6263\u7559\u5728\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u9001\u8d27\u8f66\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9648\u65fa\u65e0\u7f6a<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u627f\u5ba1\u6cd5\u5b98\u8003\u5229\uff08Ramez Khawly\uff09\u6628\u65e5\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u5ba3\u8bfb\u5224\u51b3\u65f6\uff0c\u5c06\u76f8\u5173\u5185\u5bb9\u4f9d\u6848\u60c5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3001\u8b66\u65b9\u9648\u8bcd\u3001\u63a7\u65b9\u6307\u8bc1\u3001\u8fa9\u65b9\u7b54\u8fa9\u3001\u6cd5\u6e90\u4f9d\u636e\u548c\u5ba1\u7406\u7ed3\u8bba\u7b49\u5171\u520615\u4e2a\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u505a\u51fa\u8bf4\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8003\u5229\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u5f71\u54cd\u7684\u5c42\u9762\u751a\u5e7f\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u53d7\u5230\u793e\u4f1a\u5404\u754c\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u8fde\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u7684\u5a92\u4f53\u4e5f\u6709\u8be6\u7ec6\u7684\u62a5\u5bfc\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u8b66\u65b9\u3001\u63a7\u65b9\u6216\u662f\u88ab\u544a\uff0c\u90fd\u53d7\u5230\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u8d44\u683c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4e00\u5ea6\u4f7f\u5ba1\u6848\u8fc7\u7a0b\u505c\u987f\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u4fe1\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u516c\u6b63\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u884c\u4f7f\u902e\u6355\u6743\u5408\u7406<\/p>\n

\u8003\u5229\u66f4\u5728\u5ba3\u8bfb\u5224\u51b3\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u91cd\u70b9\u63d0\u53ca\uff0c\u672c\u6848\u7684\u6839\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u4e8e\u7a83\u76d7\uff0c\u7a83\u8d3c\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\uff0c\u4e0e\u9648\u65fa\u6848\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u7ec8\u7a76\u8fd8\u662f\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u3002\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u60ef\u7a83\u884c\u4f7f\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u902e\u6355\u6743\u662f\u5408\u7406\u7684\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e89\u8bae\u4e4b\u5904\u5728\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u7a83\u8d3c\u7981\u9522\u4e8e\u8f66\u53a2\u5185\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u6797\u5f7c\u5f97\uff08Peter Lindsay\uff09\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u5916\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u6848\u6240\u7275\u6d89\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u4e0d\u5355\u662f\u5bf9\u5927\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u5730\u533a\u7684\u5546\u5bb6\u4ea7\u751f\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5f71\u54cd\u6ce2\u53ca\u5168\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6797\u5f7c\u5f97\u540c\u65f6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5728\u5ba3\u5224\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u5e76\u672a\u9884\u671f\u5230\u5ba1\u5224\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u88ab\u5224\u6709\u7f6a\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u6cd5\u5b98\u5f53\u5ead\u5ba3\u5224\u672c\u6848\u63a7\u7f6a\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u573a\u65c1\u542c\u7684\u9648\u65fa\u652f\u6301\u8005\u7acb\u5373\u53d1\u51fa\u6b22\u547c\u5e76\u7ed9\u4e88\u638c\u58f0\uff0c\u66f4\u6709\u5173\u5fc3\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u5e02\u6c11\u5f53\u573a\u6fc0\u52a8\u843d\u6cea\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bf9\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u63d0\u51fa\u63a7\u7f6a\u7684\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\uff0c\u5728\u5ba3\u5224\u540e\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5ead\u5916\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7a83\u8d3c\u6216\u662f\u6bd2\u72af\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u6cd5\u5b98\u505a\u51fa\u9a73\u56de\u8d77\u8bc9\u7684\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u68c0\u65b9\u7ed9\u4e88\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5c0a\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8bc9\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5c31\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5411\u4e0a\u7ea7\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u6cd5\u754c\u4eba\u58eb\u8ba4\u4e3a\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u6709\u6743\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u4f46\u4ee5\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u6848\u53d1\u751f\u4e8e2009\u5e745\u670823\u65e5\uff0c\u4e2d\u533a\u534e\u57e0\u91d1\u725b\u8d85\u5e02\u5e97\u4e1c\u9648\u65fa\uff0c\u5728\u5e97\u5185\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u518d\u6b21\u5230\u8d85\u5e02\u5916\u4f01\u56fe\u884c\u7a83\u7684\u8d1d\u7eb3\u7279(Anthony Bonnett)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0a\u524d\u8981\u6c42\u5176\u4ed8\u94b1\u3002\u4f46\u5bf9\u65b9\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4e0d\u627f\u8ba4\u5077\u8fc7\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u8fd8\u7834\u53e3\u9a82\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u8f6c\u8eab\u9003\u8dd1\u3002\u9648\u65fa\u4e0e\u5e97\u5458\u4e09\u4eba\u8ffd\u4e0a\u8d1d\u7eb3\u7279\u540e\uff0c\u8bd5\u56fe\u628a\u4ed6\u5e26\u56de\u8d85\u5e02\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e0d\u505c\u62f3\u6253\u811a\u8e22\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u53ea\u597d\u5c06\u5c0f\u5077\u6346\u7ed1\uff0c\u585e\u8fdb\u9762\u5305\u8f66\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u5f00\u5230\u51e0\u5341\u7c73\u5916\u9648\u65fa\u7684\u6279\u53d1\u5546\u5e97\u53bb\u6253\u7535\u8bdd\u62a5\u8b66\u3002\u5c31\u5728\u8fd9\u65f6\u8b66\u5bdf\u8d76\u5230\uff0c\u902e\u6355\u4e86\u5c0f\u5077\u548c\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4e09\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b66\u5bdf\u5c06\u4e09\u4eba\u53cd\u7ed1\u53cc\u624b\u6309\u5012\u5728\u5730\uff0c\u5e76\u5e26\u56de52\u5206\u5c40\u8fdb\u884c\u8131\u8863\u641c\u8eab\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u4ee5\u7ed1\u67b6\u3001\u79c1\u85cf\u6b66\u5668\u3001\u5f3a\u884c\u7981\u9522\u548c\u88ad\u51fb\u4ed6\u4eba\u56db\u9879\u7f6a\u540d\u8d77\u8bc9\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4e09\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u538b\u529b\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e8e2009\u5e7411\u67084\u65e5\u64a4\u6d88\u4e86\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7ed1\u67b6\u3001\u79c1\u85cf\u6b66\u5668\u4e24\u9879\u7f6a\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8bc9 \u672a\u6210\u6848\u4f8b \u5e02\u6c11\u6349\u8d3c\u4ecd\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\u7279\u7ea6\u8bb0\u8005\u6768\u5a49\u6587\/\u6709\u5211\u4e8b\u5f8b\u5e08\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u6848\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u6ca1\u6269\u5927\u5e02\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\uff0c\u5546\u6237\u65e5\u540e\u9762\u5bf9\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u65f6\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u884c\u4e8b\u3002\u5b89\u7701\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u68c0\u63a7\u5b98\u5c06\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c31\u9648\u65fa\u4e00\u6848\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u6848\u4ef6\u5c31\u6b64\u4e86\u7ed3\u3002\u6709\u534e\u57e0\u5546\u6237\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5019\u4efb\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\uff08Rob Ford\uff09\u80fd\u52a0\u5f3a\u534e\u57e0\u8b66\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5211\u4e8b\u5f8b\u5e08\u9648\u8d5e\u5706\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u5224\u51b3\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u5e02\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u4f5c\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u94e8\u91ca\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6709\u6307\u5f15\u6027\u7684\u5224\u4f8b\u3002\u9648\u8d5e\u5706\u79f0\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5077\u73ed\u7279\u70c8\uff08Anthony Bennett\uff09\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u5ef6\u7eed\u6700\u521d\u7684\u5077\u7a83\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u624d\u5224\u9648\u65fa\u7b493\u4eba\u7f6a\u540d\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u6709\u5173\u5224\u51b3\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u6ca1\u6269\u5927\u6cd5\u4f8b\u8d4b\u4e88\u5e02\u6c11\u7684\u62d8\u6355\u6743\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u53ea\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u9648\u65fa\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u8d5e\u5706\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5546\u6237\u65e5\u540e\u9047\u5230\u7c7b\u4f3c\u9648\u65fa\u906d\u9047\u65f6\u4ecd\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8981\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5c0f\u5077\u4e00\u5c0f\u65f6\u540e\u518d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u884c\u4f7f\u5e02\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u53bb\u62d8\u6355\u4ed6\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u884c\u4f7f\u62d8\u6355\u6743\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u5ea6\u6b66\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5b89\u7701\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u53d1\u8a00\u4eba\u970d\u73c0\uff08Valerie Hopper\uff09\u5468\u4e94\u4e0b\u53486\u65f6\u8bb8\uff0c\u900f\u8fc7\u7535\u5b50\u90ae\u4ef6\u56de\u8986A1\u4e2d\u6587\u7535\u53f0\u65f6\u4e8b\u8282\u76ee\u300aA1\u51fa\u51fb\u300b\u7684\u67e5\u8be2\u65f6\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5c31\u9648\u65fa\u6848\u8fdb\u884c\u4e0a\u8bc9\u3002\u970d\u73c0\u5728\u7535\u90ae\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5c0f\u5546\u6237\u662f\u5b89\u7701\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u529b\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u9aa8\u5e72\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7701\u6c11\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f9b\u517b\u81ea\u5df1\u53ca\u5bb6\u4eba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5979\u53c8\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b89\u7701\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u957f\u73ed\u5fb7\u5229\uff08Chris Bentley\uff09\u5c06\u4e0e\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5bfb\u6c42\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee4\u5546\u6237\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4fdd\u969c\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8d22\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5bc4\u671b\u79c1\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u6269\u5927\u62d8\u6355\u6743<\/p>\n

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\u4f46\u5979\u4e5f\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5019\u4efb\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u65e2\u7136\u627f\u8bfa\u589e\u8058100\u4e2a\u8b66\u5458\uff0c\u82e5\u80fd\u52a0\u5f3a\u534e\u57e0\u8b66\u65b9\u5de1\u903b\uff0c\u6216\u59d4\u6d3e\u4e00\u4e2a\u8b66\u5458\u4e13\u8d23\u5904\u7406\u534e\u57e0\u4e8b\u5b9c\uff0c\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u76f4\u63a5\u534f\u52a9\u5546\u6237\u3002\u5979\u4f1a\u5728\u672c\u5468\u672b\u4e0e\u798f\u7279\u5546\u8ba8\u6709\u5173\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5f53\u9648\u65fa\u4e0e\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u5f8b\u5e08\u6797\u5f7c\u5fb7(Peter Lindsay)\u62b5\u8fbe\u6cd5\u5ead\u65f6\uff0c\u5404\u4eba\u9ad8\u53eb\u9648\u65fa\u65e0\u7f6a\u7684\u53e3\u53f7\u3002\u800c\u51fa\u5e2d\u6cd5\u5ead\u65c1\u542c\u8005\uff0c\u9664\u5404\u5927\u4f20\u5a92\u8bb0\u8005\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u8005\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u653f\u754c\u53ca\u793e\u533a\u9886\u8896\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u534e\u88d4\u56fd\u4f1a\u90b9\u81f3\u8559\u3001\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u884c\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u595a\u6cbb\u747e\u5f8b\u5e08\u53ca\u9648\u5f18\u57fa\u3001\u65b0\u4efb\u591a\u5e02\u5e02\u957f\u798f\u7279\u8fc7\u6e21\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u59d4\u5458\u5f20\u91d1\u4eea\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u798f\u5efa\u793e\u56e2\u8054\u5408\u603b\u4f1a\u6267\u884c\u4e3b\u5e2d\u6b27\u9633\u5143\u68ee\u3001\u5bc6\u897f\u6c99\u52a0\u5e02\u57ce\u5e02\u5b89\u5168\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u80e1\u5b50\u4fee\u53ca\u9ec4\u9648\u4f9d\u8389\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u5b98\u4f5c\u51fa\u65e0\u7f6a\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u540e\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u5916\u9762\u5bf9\u8bb0\u8005\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u5f00\u5fc3\uff0c\u5f53\u4ed6\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u8fd9\u6b21\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u4ec0\u4e48\u6349\u8d3c\u7684\u542f\u793a\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u4ee5\u540e\u4f1a\u66f4\u52a0\u5c0f\u5fc3\u3002\u4ed6\u5e76\u547c\u5401\u5176\u4ed6\u5546\u5e97\u4e1c\u4e3b\u4ea6\u8981\u591a\u52a0\u7559\u610f\uff0c\u6349\u8d3c\u540e\u8981\u7acb\u523b\u62a5\u8b66\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u4e0e\u4e00\u4f17\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4e8e\u6563\u5ead\u540e\u7acb\u523b\u56de\u5230\u4e2d\u533a\u534e\u57e0\u91d1\u725b\u57ce\u8d85\u7ea7\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5927\u5f00\u9999\u69df\u5e86\u795d\u3002\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u8fd9\u6b21\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8d39\u7528\u662f\u5426\u8981\u63a5\u8fd110\u4e07\u5143\u65f6\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u79f0\u8d39\u7528\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u5916\u95f4\u4f20\u95fb\u90a3\u6837\u6602\u8d35\uff0c\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4f4e\u4e8e\u6b64\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u6797\u5f7c\u5fb7\u548c\u595a\u6cbb\u747e\u5f8b\u5e08\u7ed9\u4ed6\u6253\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u5206\u5927\u7684\u6298\u6263\u3002\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u82b1\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\u8bc9\u8bbc\u8d39\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u6628\u65e5\u4e3a\u6b62\u4ed6\u4ecd\u672a\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u6765\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90b9\u81f3\u8559\u8d74\u6ee1\u5730\u53ef\u6536\u96c6\u7b7e\u540d <\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u65f6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5982\u518d\u53d1\u73b0\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u5e97\u5185\u5077\u4e1c\u897f\u9003\u8d70\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u8ffd\u4ed6\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c0f\u5077\uff0c\u65e0\u5f62\u4e4b\u95f4\u9f13\u52b1\u4ed6\u4eec\u8d8a\u5077\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u59cb\u7ec8\u662f\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u4f24\u5bb3\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u4ed6\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\uff0c\u660e\u5929\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4f1a\u4e3a\u4e89\u53d6\u4fee\u6539\u6709\u5173\u5e02\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u7684494\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u4f5c\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u90b9\u81f3\u8559\u79f0\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u88ab\u5224\u65e0\u7f6a\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u6cd5\u4f8b(494\u5e02\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u5211\u6cd5)\uff0c\u5979\u7ee7\u7eed\u4f1a\u6536\u96c6\u8bf7\u613f\u7b7e\u540d\u3002\u5979\u5728\u9648\u65fa\u6848\u6628\u5929\u6709\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\uff0c\u5c31\u7acb\u523b\u4e13\u7a0b\u8d76\u4e0a\u6ee1\u5730\u53ef\uff0c\u627e\u793e\u533a\u9886\u8896\u6536\u96c6\u7b7e\u540d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5468\u4e00\u6216\u5468\u4e8c\u5411\u56fd\u4f1a\u6240\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u515a\u6d3e\u7684\u8bae\u5458\u53d1\u51fa\u901a\u544a\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u5979\u7684\u4fee\u6539\u6709\u5173\u5e02\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u5211\u6cd5\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u5f00\u9999\u69df\u5e86\u795d \u5766\u8a00\u6349\u8d3c\u5b58\u987e\u5fcc<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\/\u9648\u65fa\u6628\u5929\u8fd4\u8d85\u5e02\u5f00\u9999\u69df\u9152\u5e86\u795d\uff0c\u4ed6\u8bf4\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5b98\u5224\u51b3\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u5df2\u5b66\u5230\u65e5\u540e\u4e0d\u4f1a\u968f\u4fbf\u81ea\u884c\u6349\u8d3c\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u524d\u665a\u518d\u6709\u4eba\u5230\u5176\u8d85\u5e02\u5077\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4ed6\u81f4\u7535911\u62a5\u8b66\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u622a\u505c\u8def\u8fc7\u7684\u8b66\u5458\uff0c\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u81ea\u5df2\u52a8\u624b\u6349\u8d3c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u542c\u95fb\u4ed6\u6349\u8d3c\u53cd\u800c\u88ab\u63a7\u6848\u540e\u90fd\u7279\u610f\u5230\u4ed6\u8d85\u5e02\u63a2\u8bbf\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ee4\u4ed6\u751f\u610f\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u88ab\u95ee\u53ca\u65e5\u540e\u5e94\u600e\u6837\u6349\u8d3c\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u901a\u8fc7\u4f20\u8bd1\u7b54\uff1a\u201c\u6211\u5efa\u8bae\u5176\u4ed6\u5e97\u4e3b\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3\uff0c\u8981\u5c3d\u5feb\u81f4\u7535\u62a5\u8b66\uff01\u201d<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u53c8\u6307\uff0c\u8be5\u9879\u8981\u5c0f\u5077\u5077\u7a83\u65f6\u624d\u80fd\u81ea\u884c\u6349\u8d3c\u7684\u6cd5\u4f8b\u5e94\u4f5c\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u53f8\u6cd5\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5e94\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c0f\u5546\u6237\u3002<\/p>\n

\u652f\u6301\u9879\u52a8\u8bae\u7981\u8be5\u5c0f\u5077\u8e0f\u8db3\u5510\u4eba\u8857<\/p>\n

\u8be5\u6848\u5c0f\u5077\u73b0\u65f6\u4ecd\u6263\u62bc\u76d1\u623f\uff0c\u7b49\u5f85\u53e61\u5b97\u6d89\u5acc\u5077\u7a83\u53e61\u95f4\u534e\u4eba\u852c\u679c\u5e97\u76c6\u683d\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5ba1\u8baf\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u5df2\u8981\u6c42\u6cd5\u5b98\u65e5\u540e\u5224\u4ed63\u5e74\u4e0d\u80fd\u8e0f\u8db3\u5510\u4eba\u8857\u5730\u533a\u3002\u9648\u65fa\u6307\u4ed6\u4f1a\u652f\u6301\u8be5\u9879\u52a8\u8bae\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e0d\u518d\u89c1\u5230\u5c0f\u5077\u4f2f\u5185\u7279\u3002<\/p>\n

3\u540d\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u8fa9\u62a4\u5f8b\u5e08\u6797\u5f7c\u5f97(Peter Lindsay)\u975e\u5e38\u6ee1\u610f\u8be5\u5224\u51b3\uff0c\u5bf9\u6848\u4ef6\u7ed3\u675f\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u5174\u3002\u4ed6\u6307\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4e86\u4e00\u5e74\u591a\u624d\u83b7\u6d17\u8131\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u671f\u95f4\u7ee7\u7eed\u88ab\u5c0f\u5077\u5149\u987e\uff0c\u5b9e\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u75db\u82e6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8054\u90a6\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u90b9\u81f3\u8559\u6628\u5929\u5230\u6cd5\u5ead\u542c\u5ba1\u540e\u79f0\uff0c\u5979\u5e0c\u671b\u8f83\u65e9\u524d\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u79c1\u4eba\u8bae\u6848\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4fee\u6539\u5211\u4e8b\u6cd5\u7b2c494\u6761\u7684\u300a\u5e73\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6761\u6b3e\u300b\u80fd\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5468\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u83b7\u5f97\u6295\u7968\u901a\u8fc7\u3002\u82e5\u6267\u653f\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u4e5f\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u6cd5\u6848\u4f1a\u52a0\u5feb\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u595a\u6cbb\u747e\u76fc\u6349\u8d3c\u6cd5\u6848\u4fee\u8ba2\u83b7\u901a\u8fc7<\/p>\n

\u201c\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u884c\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u6210\u5458\u595a\u6cbb\u747e\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5bf9\u6cd5\u5b98\u7684\u5224\u51b3\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u5174\uff0c\u611f\u5230\u6cd5\u5b98\u4e5f\u660e\u767d\u5c0f\u5546\u6237\u7684\u5077\u7a83\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u73b0\u65f6\u5979\u53ea\u5e0c\u671b\u8be5\u5f53\u573a\u6349\u8d3c\u6cd5\u6848\u4fee\u8ba2\u83b7\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u8914\u5dde\u540c\u4e61\u8054\u8c0a\u4f1a\u4f1a\u957f\u6797\u7231\u6c11\u8bf4\uff0c\u6628\u5929\u4ed6\u518d\u6b21\u5e26\u9886\u8fd1100\u540d\u540c\u4e61\u5230\u6cd5\u9662\u652f\u6301\u9648\u65fa\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u5c11\u540c\u4e61\u53ca\u5e97\u4e1c\u90fd\u4e3a\u9648\u65fa\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u516c\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u9ad8\u5174\u52a0\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4ecd\u662f\u516c\u5e73\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u534e\u4eba\u66f4\u4e3a\u56e2\u7ed3\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u653f\u6cbb\u53ca\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u4e0d\u505a\u5f31\u52bf\u793e\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b89\u7701\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u9b41\u8d6b\u8fbe\u514b(Tim Haduk)\u4e5f\u4f5c\u51fa\u53cd\u5e94\u79f0\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u5b89\u7701\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u4e4b\u524d\u63d2\u624b\uff0c\u65e9\u65e5\u64a4\u9500\u9648\u65fa\u7b493\u540d\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u63a7\u7f6a\uff0c\u73b0\u65f6\u4ed6\u5e0c\u671b\u7701\u5e9c\u5411\u5546\u6237\u89e3\u91ca\u6e05\u695a\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u5173\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u514d\u5c0f\u5546\u6237\u518d\u60f9\u5b98\u975e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u6b23\u6170\uff1a\u5bf9\u7a83\u8d3c\u8d77\u963b\u904f\u4f5c\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u65e5\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u90b1\u9526\u5b87\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u62a5\u5bfc\/\u7ecf\u8fc7\u5386\u65f617\u4e2a\u6708\u7684\u7f20\u8bbc\u540e\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u7b49\u4eba\u5bf9\u6cd5\u9662\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u4e0d\u8d77\u8bc9\u5224\u51b3\u8868\u793a\u6ee1\u610f\u3002\u6628\u65e5\u542c\u5230\u6cd5\u5b98\u5ba3\u8bfb\u5224\u51b3\u7ed3\u679c\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u8138\u4e0a\u5c55\u73b0\u51fa\u96be\u5f97\u7684\u7b11\u5bb9\uff0c\u5e76\u56de\u5230\u5e97\u4e2d\u5f00\u9999\u69df\u9152\u5e86\u8d3a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c08\u5230\u5728\u6b64\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e2d\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4f53\u4f1a\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u8bf4\uff0c\u534e\u4eba\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u662f\u5f88\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u6c11\u65cf\u6027\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5584\u4e8e\u8868\u8fbe\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u591f\u805a\u96c6\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u91cd\u89c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ece\u6b64\u6b21\u6c47\u96c6\u4e86\u5404\u754c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u6240\u51dd\u7ed3\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u53ef\u8bc1\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u6d89\u6848\u7684\u60ef\u7a83\u8d1d\u7eb3\u7279\uff08Anthony Bennett\uff09\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u56e0\u5176\u5b83\u7a83\u6848\u4ecd\u5728\u670d\u5211\u4e2d\u3002\u5f53\u9648\u65fa\u88ab\u95ee\u5230\u5982\u679c\u8d1d\u7eb3\u7279\u51fa\u72f1\u540e\u53c8\u56de\u91d1\u725b\u57ce\u8d85\u5e02\u5077\u7a83\uff0c\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u4f55\u79cd\u5904\u7f6e\u65f6\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u56de\u7b54\u8bf4\uff0c\u4eca\u540e\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7a83\u6848\u91c7\u53d6\u66f4\u8c28\u614e\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9648\u65fa\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u6848\u4ef6\u5728\u5ba1\u7406\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u6765\u81ea\u793e\u56e2\u3001\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u53ca\u793e\u4f1a\u5927\u4f17\u76f8\u5f53\u591a\u7684\u5e2e\u52a9\u53ca\u9f13\u52b1\u3002\u5f80\u540e\u5c06\u4f1a\u66f4\u79ef\u6781\u5f97\u52a0\u5165\u793e\u533a\u6d3b\u52a8\uff0c\u4e3a\u5730\u65b9\u4eba\u58eb\u63d0\u4f9b\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5f88\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5c06\u6765\u4f1a\u53c2\u4e0e\u6c11\u610f\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u9009\u4e3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u56de\u9988\u5927\u4f17\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a7\u7f6a\u64a4\u9500 \u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\u4f7f\u7136<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e16\u754c\u65e5\u62a5\u8bb0\u8005\u962e\u8000\u6bc5\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u62a5\u5bfc\/\u9488\u5bf9\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u534e\u88d4\u6742\u8d27\u5e97\u4e1c\u4e3b\u9648\u65fa\u6349\u62ff\u7a83\u8d3c\u53cd\u906d\u8d77\u8bc9\u4e00\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f8b\u5e08\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u52a0\u56fd\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u6781\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u6c11\u4f17\u884c\u4f7f\u81ea\u536b\u6743\u4e5f\u8981\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u5bf9\u7b49\u539f\u5219\u201d\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4ecd\u53ef\u80fd\u906d\u5230\u5211\u4e8b\u68c0\u63a7\u3002\u5168\u6848\u5f97\u4ee5\u64a4\u9500\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u7eb5\u4f7f\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u63d0\u8bae\u4fee\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5211\u6cd5\u4fee\u8ba2\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7e41\u590d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

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29\u65e5\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u6cd5\u5ead\u6b63\u5f0f\u64a4\u9500\u5bf9\u9648\u65fa\u7684\u63a7\u7f6a\uff0c\u5f8b\u5e08\u6797\u4e3b\u5149\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5211\u6cd5\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u6709\u6781\u5927\u5dee\u5f02\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u884c\u4f7f\u81ea\u536b\u6743\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u54f2\u5b66\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u536b\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u8fde\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u5668\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5141\u8bb8\u6c11\u4f17\u5e26\u67aa\u4e0a\u8857\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u5211\u6cd5\u6e90\u81ea\u82f1\u56fd\u57fa\u672c\u6cd5\uff0c\u884c\u4f7f\u81ea\u536b\u6743\u65f6\u8bb2\u6c42\u201c\u5bf9\u7b49\u539f\u5219\u201d\u53ca\u201c\u5408\u7406\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u201d\uff08reasonable force\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u65b9\u6253\u4e00\u62f3\uff0c\u4f60\u53ea\u80fd\u56de\u4e00\u62f3\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u529b\u9053\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u8d85\u8fc7\u5bf9\u65b9\u592a\u591a\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e5f\u7b97\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u8fc7\u5f53\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fde\u8b66\u5bdf\u6216\u6d77\u5173\u7b49\u6267\u6cd5\u4eba\u5458\u82e5\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u5668\u4ea6\u4f1a\u906d\u5211\u4e8b\u68c0\u63a7\u4e00\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6797\u4e3b\u5149\u5f8b\u5e08\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5168\u6848\u5f97\u4ee5\u64a4\u9500\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\u4f7f\u7136\uff0c\u5c31\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c42\u9762\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8b66\u65b9\u786e\u5b9e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u8bc9\u9648\u65fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e0d\u5c11\u6c11\u4f17\u53ca\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u8981\u6c42\u8054\u90a6\u4fee\u6cd5\u6539\u5584\u8fd9\u79cd\u8ba9\u88ab\u5bb3\u4eba\u53cd\u800c\u6210\u4e3a\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u4e0d\u5408\u7406\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u505a\u5230\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5211\u6cd5\u672c\u8eab\u5f88\u5c11\u53d8\u52a8\uff0c\u4e14\u6574\u4e2a\u4fee\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u7e41\u590d\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u795d\u8d3a\u9648\u65fa\u6446\u8131\u5b98\u53f8 \u80e1\u8fbe\u514b\u501f\u9898\u6279\u8bc4\u9ea6\u575a\u8fea<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u661f\u5c9b\u65e5\u62a5\/\u5b89\u7701\u53cd\u5bf9\u515a\u9886\u80e1\u8fbe\u514b(Tim Hudak)\u6628\u5929\u4ea6\u5c31\u9648\u65fa\u6700\u7ec8\u89e3\u8131\u5b98\u975e\u4e00\u4e8b\u53d1\u8868\u8c08\u8bdd\uff0c\u5bf9\u9648\u65fa\u3001\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u53ca\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8868\u8fbe\u795d\u8d3a\u548c\u6170\u95ee\u3002\u4ed6\u5e76\u9f13\u52b1\u7701\u6c11\u53c2\u4e0e\u8fd1\u671f\u7701\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u5c31\u5b89\u7701\u524d\u9014\u800c\u6b63\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u5927\u578b\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u80e1\u8fbe\u514b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9648\u65fa\u662f\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7701\u6c11\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4fdd\u62a4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u610f\u548c\u8d22\u4ea7\u800c\u60f9\u4e0a\u5b98\u975e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u4e86\u4e00\u573a\u5669\u68a6\u3002\u5e78\u597d\u73b0\u65f6\u5f97\u4ee5\u6446\u8131\uff0c\u4ed6\u56e0\u6b64\u4e3a\u9648\u65fa\u53ca\u5176\u5bb6\u4eba\u548c\u652f\u6301\u8005\u611f\u5230\u9ad8\u5174\u3002\u9648\u65fa\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u770b\u6765\u5408\u60c5\u5408\u7406\u7684\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u4f46\u5374\u56e0\u6b64\u906d\u53d7\u5669\u68a6\uff0c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u770b\u6765\u5bf9\u4ed6\u5e76\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u6307\u8fd9\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u663e\u793a\u5728\u9ea6\u575a\u8fea\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u672c\u7701\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5236\u5ea6\u6ca1\u6709\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5bf9\u52e4\u52b3\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u4eba\u63d0\u4f9b\u6b63\u786e\u53ca\u65f6\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ca1\u6709\u5bf9\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7f6a\u72af\u53ca\u65f6\u7ef3\u4e4b\u4ee5\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u7f51\u7edc\u6c11\u8c03 <\/p>\n

\u80e1\u8fbe\u514b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd1\u671f\u5b89\u7701\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u9762\u5411\u7701\u6c11\u5c31\u5b89\u7701\u524d\u9014\u5c55\u5f00\u4e86\u4e00\u9879\u5927\u578b\u7f51\u7edc\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u7701\u6c11\u5c31\u7a0e\u52a1\u3001\u533b\u7597\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u7b49\u6838\u5fc3\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u8868\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5c06\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u5728\u7701\u8bae\u4f1a\u53ca\u7acb\u6cd5\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u66f4\u6e05\u6670\u4e86\u89e3\u7701\u6c11\u6700\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bae\u9898\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4ea6\u4f1a\u5728\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u5236\u5b9a2010\u5e74\u7701\u9009\u653f\u7f51\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u63d0\u4f9b\u66f4\u591a\u53c2\u8003\u610f\u89c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u95ee\u5377\u8c03\u67e5\u540c\u65f6\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e2d\u6587\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u65cf\u88d4\u8bed\u8a00\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5e7f\u5927\u7701\u6c11\u79ef\u6781\u4e0a\u7f51\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u53d1\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u3002
\n\u95ee\u5377\u7684\u7f51\u5740\u662f www.haveyoursayontario.ca\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9648\u65fa\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7c3f<\/strong> <\/p>\n

2009\u5e74 5\u670823\u65e5 \u4e2d\u533a\u534e\u57e0\u91d1\u725b\u57ce\u8d85\u5e02\u4e1c\u4e3b\u9648\u65fa\u53ca\u4e24\u540d\u5458\u5de5\u56e0\u8ffd\u62ff\u9ad8\u4e70\u5c0f\u5077\uff0c\u88ab\u8b66\u65b9\u62d8\u6355\uff0c\u63a7\u4ee5\u7ed1\u67b6\u3001\u975e\u6cd5\u7981\u9522\u3001\u88ad\u51fb\u3001\u85cf\u6709\u6b66\u5668\u7b49\u7f6a\u540d\uff0c\u5f53\u665a\u4e0d\u6dee\u4fdd\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e74 5\u670824\u65e5 \u9648\u65fa\u83b7\u4fdd\u91ca\u5019\u5ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e74 6\u670805\u65e5 \u9648\u5f18\u57fa\u7b49\u793e\u533a\u4eba\u58eb\u7ec4\u6210\u201c\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u6743\u76ca\u884c\u52a8\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u201d\u529b\u633a\u9648\u65fa\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e74 9\u67089\u65e5 \u591a\u57ce\u534e\u793e\u52a9\u9648\u65fa\u6253\u5b98\u53f8\uff0c\u665a\u5bb4\u7b79\u5f976,000\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e74 9\u670827\u65e5 \u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u957f\u5eb7\u5c3c\u529b\u633a\u9648\u65fa\uff0c\u9ad8\u8c03\u8bbf\u95ee\u591a\u57ce\u4e2d\u533a\u534e\u88d4\u8d85\u5e02\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e74 10\u670829\u65e5 \u5b89\u7701\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u7701\u8bae\u5458\u9a6c\u57fa\u65af\u8981\u6c42\u7701\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u957f\u73ed\u5fb7\u5229\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u6838\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u64a4\u6d88\u9648\u65fa\u63a7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e74 11\u67083\u65e5 \u9648\u65fa\u7ed1\u67b6\u53ca\u85cf\u68b0\u4e24\u7f6a\u83b7\u64a4\u6d88\u3002<\/p>\n

2009\u5e74 11\u670823\u65e5 \u5351\u8bd7\u7701\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u9ec4\u9648\u5c0f\u840d\u4f17\u8bae\u5458\u5728\u56fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u8a00\uff0c\u6307\u9648\u65fa\u4e3a\u7f6a\u6848\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

2010\u5e74 6\u670810\u65e5 \u9648\u65fa\u5f15\u7528\u4eba\u6743\u53ca\u81ea\u7531\u5baa\u7ae0\u6311\u6218\u63a7\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n

2010\u5e74 6\u670816\u65e5 \u81ea\u7531\u515a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u80e1\u5e73\u85fb\u63d0\u51faC-547\u79c1\u4eba\u8349\u6848\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4fee\u8ba2\u516c\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u7684\u5211\u4e8b\u6761\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

2010\u5e74 9\u670829\u65e5 \u8054\u90a6\u65b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u90b9\u81f3\u8559\u63d0\u51fa\u79c1\u4eba\u6cd5\u6848\uff0c\u5efa\u8bae\u4fee\u6539\u73b0\u884c\u7684\u516c\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u6743\u6cd5\u4f8b\u3002<\/p>\n

2010\u5e74 10\u670829\u65e5 \u9648\u65fa\u83b7\u5224\u65e0\u7f6a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

-\u8b66\u65b9\u65e0\u8fc7\u9648\u65fa\u65e0\u7f6a \u6cd5\u5b98\u65a5\u53f8\u6cd5\u516c\u6b63\u906d\u64cd\u63a7\u516c\u4f17\u540c\u60c5\u5939\u51fb -\u4e3b\u63a7\u5b98\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1 -\u6cd5\u5b98\u6307\u6848\u4ef6\u4f3c\u717d\u60c5\u5267\u672c \u9648\u65fa\u620f\u5267\u6027\u83b7\u64a4\u63a7 -\u9648\u65fa\u65e0\u7f6a -\u53f8\u6cd5\u5385\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e0d\u4e0a\u8bc9 \u672a\u6210\u6848\u4f8b \u5e02\u6c11\u6349\u8d3c\u4ecd\u8981\u5c0f\u5fc3 -\u5bf9\u201c\u516c\u6c11\u62d8\u6355\u201d\u79c1\u4eba\u8bae\u6848 \u9648\u65fa\u6848\u5224\u51b3\u6599\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e0d\u5927 -\u5e97\u94fa\u76d7\u7a83\u6848 \u672a\u6709\u6548\u6253\u51fb -\u903e\u767e\u534e\u4eba\u58f0\u63f4 \u90b9\u81f3\u8559\u76fc\u5e74\u5e95\u524d\u4fee\u6cd5 -\u9648\u65fa\u83b7\u5224\u65e0…
Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[130,92,10],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17621"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=17621"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17621\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=17621"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=17621"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=17621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}