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\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5ead\u6700\u8fd1\u88c1\u51b3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u53f8\u6cd5\u8986\u6838\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u534e\u88d4\u59d3\u540d\u7684\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u8001\u5987\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5728\u52a0\u56fd\u9a7b\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u7533\u8bf7\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u88ab\u62d2\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u9053\u7406\u7531\u4e5f\u906d\u5426\u51b3\uff0c\u8981\u4e0a\u8bc9\u81f3\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u624d\u63a8\u7ffb\u539f\u5224\u3002<\/p>\n
61\u5c81\u7684\u4f59\u9ec4\u5929\u5a1c(Tina Ong Yu\uff0c\u8bd1\u97f3)\u72ec\u8eab\uff0c\u65e0\u513f\u65e0\u5973\uff0c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u6765\u7533\u8bf7\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u6b32\u548c\u5728\u52a0\u56fd\u7684\u59b9\u59b9\u56e2\u805a\u3002\u7b49\u5019\u9762\u8bd5\u671f\u95f4\u59b9\u59b9\u60a3\u75c5\uff0c\u5979\u4ee5\u65c5\u5ba2\u8eab\u5206\u6765\u52a0\u7167\u987e\u5728\u4fa7\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u7533\u8bf7\u906d\u5230\u5426\u51b3\u3002\u5979\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u8d25\u53ca\u540e\u4e0a\u8bc9\u81f3\u8054\u90a6\uff0c\u6cd5\u5b98\u63a8\u7ffb\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5e76\u8bed\u91cd\u5fc3\u957f\u5730\u8981\u6c42\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u91cd\u65b0\u914c\u60c5\u8003\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5929\u5a1c\u548c\u5b56\u751f\u59b9\u59b9\u59ae\u5854(Nita)\u662f\u5bb6\u4e2d9\u5144\u5f1f\u59ca\u59ca\u4e2d\u5e74\u7eaa\u6700\u5c11\u7684\u4e8c\u4eba\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u906d\u65e5\u519b\u7edf\u6cbb\u65f6\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u9057\u5b64\u7531\u5144\u957f\u629a\u517b\u6210\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u63a5\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u5929\u5a1c\u5728\u5927\u54e5\u7684\u6c7d\u8f66\u96f6\u4ef6\u516c\u53f8\u5de5\u4f5c\u30021974\u5e74\u59ae\u5854\u7ed3\u5a5a\uff0c\u5a5a\u540e\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u59ae\u5854\u8ba9\u5929\u5a1c\u8fc1\u5230\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\u540c\u4f4f\uff0c\u76f4\u81f31993\u5e74\uff0c\u59b9\u59b9\u59ae\u5854\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u3002<\/p>\n
\u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u56fd\u5931\u8d25<\/p>\n
1996\u5e7410\u6708\uff0c\u5929\u5a1c\u4ee5\u7c3f\u8bb0\u5458\u8eab\u5206\u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u56fd\u5931\u8d25\u30022000\u5e747\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u518d\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u6c34\u725b\u57ce\u5165\u7eb8\uff0c\u4f462002\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5979\u6536\u5230\u9a6c\u5c3c\u62c9\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u4fe1\u4ef6\u8bf4\u53ef\u80fd\u8981\u6392\u671f3\u5e74\u3002\u540c\u5e744\u6708\uff0c\u59ae\u5854\u56e0\u764c\u75c5\u8981\u5165\u533b\u9662\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u5176\u540e\u6570\u6708\u95f4\u7531\u5929\u5a1c\u7167\u987e\u76f4\u81f3\u5eb7\u590d\uff0c\u59ae\u5854\u548c\u4e08\u592b\u6253\u7b97\u8d5e\u52a9\u5929\u5a1c\u5230\u52a0\u30022005\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u52a0\u9a7b\u83f2\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\u4e0e\u5929\u5a1c\u9762\u8bd5\uff0c\u6307\u5929\u5a1c\u7684\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u5931\u8d25\uff0c\u5f53\u5730\u7684\u7b7e\u8bc1\u5b98\u5458\u5efa\u8bae\u5979\u6539\u4ee5\u4eba\u9053\u7406\u7531\u5165\u7eb8\u3002\u540c\u5e746\u6708\u4e2d\uff0c\u5929\u5a1c\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u518d\u906d\u5426\u51b3\uff0c\u8d1f\u8d23\u5b98\u5458\u89e3\u91ca\u662f\u4eba\u9053\u7406\u7531\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5979\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u59ca\u59ca\u5728\u83f2\u5f8b\u5bbe\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5ead\u6cd5\u5b98\u8427\u5c14(Michel Shore)\u5ba1\u7406\u8fd9\u5b97\u4e0a\u8bc9\u65f6\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5929\u5a1c\u662f\u5426\u5217\u4e3a\u59ae\u5854\u201c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7684\u201d(de fecto)\u5bb6\u5ead\u6210\u5458\u3002\u6309\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u957f\u53ef\u4ee5\u914c\u60c5\u5904\u7406\u8fd9\u7c7b\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u7559\u5728\u539f\u5c45\u5730\u7684\u5bb6\u65cf\u6210\u5458\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u548c\u6709\u5173\u5bb6\u5ead\u5171\u540c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e00\u6bb5\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u7684\u4eba\u58eb\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8001\u4ec6\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c6\u4e3a\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e00\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n
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