{"id":14707,"date":"2010-02-09T21:38:53","date_gmt":"2010-02-10T02:38:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=14707"},"modified":"2010-02-10T22:08:25","modified_gmt":"2010-02-11T03:08:25","slug":"20100209%e4%b8%ad%e6%b8%af%e7%a7%bb%e6%b0%91%e9%a2%9d%e5%a2%9e-%e5%85%a8%e7%90%83%e5%ae%b6%e5%ba%ad%e5%9b%a2%e8%81%9a%e7%a7%bb%e6%b0%91%e5%a4%a7%e5%b9%85%e8%90%8e%e7%bc%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.jackjia.com\/?p=14707","title":{"rendered":"20100209\/\u4e2d\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u989d\u589e \u5168\u7403\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u5e45\u840e\u7f29"},"content":{"rendered":"

-\u4e2d\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u989d\u589e \u5168\u7403\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u5e45\u840e\u7f29
\n-\u4eca\u5e74\u5438\u7eb3\u79fb\u6c11\u5fae\u589e\u81f323\u4e07\u4eba
\n-\u7533\u8bf7\u62c5\u4fdd\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2a\u6848\u79ef\u538b \u4e0e\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u7236\u6bcd\u56e2\u805a\u66f4\u96be
\n-\u534e\u88d4\u5bb6\u5ead\u6709\u667a\u969c\u513f \u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u906d\u7559\u96be<\/p>\n

\n

\u4e2d\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u989d\u589e \u5168\u7403\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u5e45\u840e\u7f29<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u660e\u62a5\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u4e13\u8baf\/\u79fb\u6c11\u5f8b\u5e08\u674e\u514b\u4f26(Richard Kurland)\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u8baf\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u79fb\u6c11\u90e82010\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u6807\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\uff0c2010\u5e74\u5168\u7403\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u6807\u4eba\u6570\u4e3a23.12\u4e07\u4eba\uff0c\u8f83\u53bb\u5e74\u589e\u52a02.7%\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u9999\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u989d\u589e\u52a0\u6700\u591a<\/p>\n

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\u53f0\u79fb\u6c11\u989d\u5927\u5e45\u51cf24%<\/p>\n

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\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u7701\u63a8\u8350\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u5374\u4ece\u53bb\u5e7464,460\u4eba\u589e\u52a0\u81f381,575\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5168\u7403\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u51cf15%<\/p>\n

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\u9999\u6e2f\u6280\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u79ef\u538b\u591a<\/p>\n

\u867d\u7136\u9999\u6e2f\u6574\u4f53\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u6807\u4eba\u6570\u589e\u52a016.1%\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u674e\u514b\u4f26\u53d6\u5f97\u6587\u4ef6\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u9999\u6e2f\u57282009\u5e747\u6708\u6240\u79ef\u538b\u7684\u6280\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u5b97\u6570\u8fbe\u52306092\u4eba\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u4ee3\u8868\u4eba\u6570\u8fbe\u523020,855\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u9999\u6e2f\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u52a0\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u989d\u4eba\u6570\u624d\u53ea\u67094000\u4eba\uff0c\u79ef\u538b\u4eba\u6570\u662f\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u6807\u76845\u500d\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u9999\u6e2f\u6295\u8d44\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u8f6e\u5019\u65f6\u95f4\u5fc5\u7136\u52a0\u957f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u534e\u88d4\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3 \u793e\u7ecf\u6210\u5c31\u9ad8\u8d85\u672c\u5730\u9752\u5e74<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u6839\u636e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5408\u4f5c\u53d1\u5c55\u7ec4\u7ec7(OECD)\u56fd\u9645\u5b66\u751f\u80fd\u529b\u8bc4\u4f30(PISA)\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u6240\u5b8c\u6210\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u793e\u7ecf\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u5e73\u5747\u8d85\u51fa\u7236\u6bcd\u662f\u672c\u5730\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u6fb3\u6d32\u3001\u7ebd\u897f\u5170\u53ca\u745e\u5178\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u65cf\u88d4\u4e2d\uff0c\u534e\u88d4\u53ca\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u53d6\u5f97\u5927\u5b66\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b66\u5386\uff0c\u53d7\u96c7\u4e8e\u9ad8\u4e13\u4e1a\u6027\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u6700\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c2005\u5e74\u6cd5\u56fd\u53d1\u751f\u79cd\u65cf\u9a9a\u52a8\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u4e8e\u6cd5\u56fd\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u9762\u4e34\u9ad8\u5931\u4e1a\u7387\u53ca\u6076\u52a3\u751f\u6d3b\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e0e\u5f53\u5730\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\u7684\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u5927\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u6240\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u62c5\u5fc3\u52a0\u56fd\u4f1a\u5426\u4e5f\u53d1\u751f\u79cd\u65cf\u9a9a\u52a8\u3002\u62a5\u544a\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u653f\u7ecf\u8868\u73b0\u4f18\u4e8e\u672c\u5730\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u51fa\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79fb\u6c11\u5f8b\u5e08\u674e\u514b\u4f26(Richard Kurland)\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u8baf\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\uff0c\u5411\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u65b0\u8fd1\u6839\u636ePISA(Program for International Students Assessment)\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u6709\u5173\u79fb\u6c11\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u793e\u7ecf\u6210\u5c31\u9ad8\u7684\u6709\u5173\u62a5\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u62a5\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u5404\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\u5f53\u4e2d\u6700\u9ad8\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u6bd4\u4ed6\u4eec\u540c\u9f84\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u4e3a\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u4eba\u7684\u5e74\u8f7b\u4eba\u8981\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u62a5\u544a\u8bf4\uff0c\u534e\u88d4\u53ca\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u5927\u5b66\u53ca\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5b66\u5386\uff0c\u53d7\u96c7\u4e8e\u9ad8\u6280\u672f\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u52a0\u52d2\u6bd4\u6d77\u6216\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b66\u5386\u5374\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u96c7\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ad8\u6280\u672f\u884c\u4e1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5e74\u5438\u7eb3\u79fb\u6c11\u5fae\u589e\u81f323\u4e07\u4eba<\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u636e2\u6708\u4efd\u300a\u79fb\u6c11\u8d44\u8baf\u6c47\u7f16\u300b\uff08Lexbase\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u8d44\u8baf\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\u300b\u53d6\u5f97\u79fb\u6c11\u90e82010\u5e74\u5ea6\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4eba\u6570\u7531224,994\u4eba\u5fae\u589e6,731\u4eba\u81f3231,725\u4eba\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u4e1a\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u4f1a\u7531148,140\u589e\u81f3161,630\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c06\u589e\u5404\u7701\u63a8\u8350\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11 <\/p>\n

\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7c7b\u522b\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5546\u4e1a\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4f1a\u75312009\u5e74\u768483,680\u4eba\u51cf\u81f380,055\u4eba\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u8054\u90a6\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7531\u5404\u7701\u63a8\u8350\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5bb6\u5c45\u4f63\u5de5\u7b49\u7684\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u4e00\u51cf\u4e00\u52a0\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u51c0\u589e13,490\u4e2a\u52b3\u5de5\u7c7b\u522b\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4eca\u5e74\u4ece\u6d77\u5916\u5438\u7eb3\u96be\u6c11\u7684\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u753111,345\u589e\u81f313,180\u4eba\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5927\u9a6c\u58eb\u9769\u7684\u96be\u6c11\u76ee\u6807\u4eba\u6570\uff0c\u5c31\u75312,600\u4eba\u6fc0\u589e\u81f35,000\u4eba\u3002
\n\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u7c7b\u522b\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\uff0c\u753119,034\u4eba\u51cf\u81f316,200\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5bb6\u5ead\u805a\u7c7b\u522b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5b50\u5973\u3001\u914d\u5076\uff0c\u753145,475\u51cf\u81f339,615\u4eba\uff0c\u51cf\u5c11\u4e865,860\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u6ce8\u4e2d\u56fd\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u6709\u505a\u5047\u3000<\/p>\n

\u81f3\u4e8e\u79fb\u6c11\u5438\u7eb3\u7684\u6765\u6e90\u5730\uff0c\u4e9a\u6d32\u79fb\u6c11\u4ecd\u7136\u5fae\u5347\uff0c\u4f46\u5357\u4e9a\u79fb\u6c11\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u636e\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5b98\u5458\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u65b0\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u96be\u6c11\u6cd5\u5f15\u516538\u79cd\u5408\u8d44\u683c\u5de5\u79cd\u7684\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u540e\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6280\u672f\u7533\u8bf7\u5267\u51cf\uff0c\u79ef\u538b\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u4e34\u65f6\u52b3\u5de5\u3001\u7559\u5b66\u751f\u53ca\u6295\u8d44\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u5219\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u5f53\u5c40\u4f1a\u5173\u6ce8\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u4f1a\u5426\u4e3a\u4e86\u8fbe\u5230\u5c45\u7559\u76ee\u7684\u800c\u505a\u5047\u3002<\/p>\n

\u636e\u79fb\u6c11\u5f8b\u5e08\u5e93\u5170\uff08Richard Kurland\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6280\u672f\u79fb\u6c11\u6709\u6240\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u70b9\u662f\u5438\u7eb3\u53ef\u5c31\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u5de5\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u7eb3\u7a0e\u4eba\u6570\u76ee\u3002
\n\u76f8\u5bf9\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u4f1a\u51cf\u5c11\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\uff08\u5982\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\uff09\u79fb\u6c11\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u914d\u5076\u53ca\u5b50\u5973\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u636e\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62d2\u7b7e\u7684\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u9884\u671f2010\u5e74\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u7b7e\u8bc1\u8f832004\u81f32008\u5e74\u95f4\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5e93\u5170\u53c8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u4e5f\u53c2\u8003\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8868\u73b0\u53bb\u7504\u9009\u534e\u7eaa\u8f83\u5927\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u3002
\n\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u4ee5\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7814\u7a76\u62a5\u544a\u5747\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u5f53\u4e2d\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u548c\u5357\u4e9a\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u591a\u62e5\u6709\u5927\u5b66\u5b66\u4f4d\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u4e13\u4e1a\u884c\u4e1a\uff0c\u6c34\u5e73\u4f18\u4e8e\u52a0\u56fd\u672c\u571f\u4eba\u58eb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u52a1\u9002\u591a\u5143\u6587\u5316\u670d\u52a1\u793e\uff08Mosaic\uff09\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u53ca\u5b89\u987f\u670d\u52a1\u603b\u76d1\u9648\u8087\u6587\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u76ca\u53bb\u7b5b\u9009\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u79fb\u6c11\u8ffd\u6c42\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u9a70\uff1b\u4ed6\u6307\u653f\u5e9c\u8981\u6709\u8fdc\u89c1\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u5305\u5bb9\u6027\u7684\u56fd\u5bb6\u3002\u9648\u8087\u6587\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ee5\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4ee3\u79fb\u6c11\u8868\u73b0\u53bb\u7b5b\u9009\u7b2c\u4e00\u4ee3\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u62b9\u6740\u51c6\u79fb\u6c11\u8ffd\u5bfb\u65b0\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7533\u8bf7\u62c5\u4fdd\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2a\u6848\u79ef\u538b \u4e0e\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u7236\u6bcd\u56e2\u805a\u66f4\u96be<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u8bb0\u8005 \u5d14\u6e90\u660e\/\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u7684\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u53ca\u7236\u6bcd\u62c5\u4fdd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u4e2a\u6848\u79ef\u538b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6076\u5316\u3002\u636e2009\u5e746\u6708\u7684\u79ef\u538b\u4e2a\u6848\u6570\u76ee\uff0c\u4e3a10,600\u5b97\uff0c\u662f\u7ee7\u8054\u90a6\u6280\u672f\u6c11\u7c7b\u522b\u4ee5\u5916\u6b21\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u62c5\u4fdd\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u6700\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5e74\u8d77\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u589e\u5927\u7533\u8bf7\u96be\u5ea6\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ef\u4ee5\u5904\u7406\u7684\u6570\u91cf\u4e3a12,000\u5b97\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5904\u7406\u62c5\u4fdd\u4e2a\u6848\u7684\u901f\u7387\u548c\u9012\u8868\u7684\u6bd4\u7387\u7ef4\u6301\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u5219\u9884\u8ba1\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u79ef\u538b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u57282009\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5c06\u5ba1\u7406\u5b8c\u4e8e2007\u5e747\u6708\u4ee5\u524d\u9012\u4ea4\u7684\u62c5\u4fdd\u7236\u6bcd\u548c\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u5ba1\u6279\u9700\u65f632\u4e2a\u6708\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u5f88\u96be\u786e\u5b9a2007\u5e747\u6708\u53ca\u4e4b\u540e\u9012\u4ea4\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u591a\u957f\u7684\u53d7\u7406\u65f6\u95f4\u3002\u4ee4\u5230\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u9047\u5230\u66f4\u591a\u53d8\u6570\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0d\u666f\u4e0b\u88c1\u5458\u6216\u51bb\u85aa\uff0c\u4ee4\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\u5931\u53bb\u62c5\u4fdd\u7684\u8d44\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u636e\u8054\u90a6\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u6700\u65b0\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u62c5\u4fdd\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\uff0c\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u8fc7\u53bb12\u4e2a\u6708\u6709\u6700\u4f4e\u9650\u5ea6\u7684\u603b\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u8db3\u4ee5\u62c5\u4fdd\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u672a\u676510\u5e74\u5185\u4e0d\u80fd\u7533\u9886\u516c\u63f4\u6216\u957f\u8005\u6d25\u8d34\u3002\u7533\u8bf7\u62c5\u4fdd\u4eba\u7684\u603b\u6536\u5165\u7684\u4e0b\u9650\u662f\uff1a\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6536\u516522,171\u81f37\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u6700\u4f4e\u6700\u6536\u516558,763\u5143\u3002<\/p>\n

\u534e\u88d4\u5bb6\u5ead\u6709\u667a\u969c\u513f \u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u906d\u7559\u96be<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u8bb0\u8005 \u5d14\u6e90\u660e\/\u8054\u90a6\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5ead\u65e5\u524d\u6279\u51c6\u4e00\u4e2a\u534e\u88d4\u79fb\u6c11\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u8986\u6838\uff0c\u4ed6\u900f\u8fc7\u7701\u63d0\u540d\u79fb\u6c11\u8ba1\u5212\u6765\u52a0\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u513f\u5b50\u6709\u5b66\u4e60\u969c\u788d\uff0c\u88ab\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u7559\u96be\uff0c\u6700\u540e\u62d2\u7edd\u5176\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\uff0c\u8be5\u534e\u88d4\u4e0a\u8bc9\u8981\u6c42\u53f8\u6cd5\u8986\u6838\uff0c\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5ead\u5f97\u76f4\uff0c\u4e2a\u6848\u83b7\u53d1\u8fd8\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u7406\u3002\u3000\u3000
\n\u3000\u3000
\n\u6765\u81ea\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\uff08Fusheng Ma\uff0c\u8bd1\u97f3\uff09\u57282004\u5e747\u670830\u65e5\uff0c\u548c\u59bb\u5b50\u5434\u6625\u4e00\uff08Chun-e Wu\uff0c\u8bd1\u97f3\uff09\u900f\u8fc7\u5351\u8bd7\u7701\u63d0\u540d\u79fb\u6c11\u8ba1\u5212\uff08BCPNP\uff09\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u7684\u7b7e\u8bc1\u529e\u4e8b\u5904\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u4e34\u65f6\u5de5\u4f5c\u7b7e\u8bc1\uff0c\u5f00\u5c55\u5546\u4e1a\u8ba1\u5212\uff0c\u513f\u5b50\u9a6c\u519b\uff08Jun Ma\uff0c\u8bd1\u97f3\uff09\u5219\u6301\u67092005\u5e745\u6708\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u65c5\u6e38\u7b7e\u8bc1\u3002\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e09\u53e3\u5728\u4e94\u6708\u4e0b\u65ec\u62b5\u6b65\u52a0\u56fd\uff0c\u513f\u5b50\u5165\u8bfb\u6e29\u5e02\u4e00\u95f4\u5c0f\u5b66\u3002\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n

\u4e24\u4eba\u57282006\u5e74\u7533\u8bf7\u6c38\u4e45\u5c45\u6c11\u8eab\u5206\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u5e747\u6708\u8fdb\u884c\u79fb\u6c11\u8eab\u4f53\u68c0\u67e5\uff0c\u4f46\u8d1f\u8d23\u4f53\u9a8c\u7684\u533b\u751f\u53d1\u73b0\u9a6c\u519b\u4e2d\u5ea6\u667a\u969c\uff0c\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u7279\u6b8a\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u52302007\u5e742\u6708\uff0c\u7701\u536b\u751f\u5385\u8981\u6c42\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\u8ba1\u7b97\u672a\u67655\u5e74\u6240\u9700\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8d1f\u62c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u8bc9\u5f97\u76f4 \u53d1\u8fd8\u5ba1\u7406<\/p>\n

\u5230\u5e74\u5e95\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u8981\u6c42\u9a6c\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u51fa\u793a\u6709\u5173\u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u6709\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u540e\uff0c\u5b98\u5458\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u9a6c\u519b\u53ef\u80fd\u5bf9\u52a0\u56fd\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u6784\u6210\u6c89\u91cd\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\u4e8e\u662f\u57282008\u5e745\u6708\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5ba3\u8a93\u58f0\u660e\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u5144\u5f1f\u8054\u540d\u62c5\u4fdd\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u4f1a\u4e3a\u9a6c\u519b\u7684\u989d\u5916\u793e\u4f1a\u670d\u52a1\u4ed8\u8d39\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u652f\u4ed8\u6bcf\u5e7428,800\u5143\u7684\u79c1\u6821\u5b66\u8d39\u3002<\/p>\n

\u534a\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u8ddf\u8fdb\u9a6c\u519b\u662f\u5426\u8f6c\u6821\uff0c\u9650\u671f\u4e24\u4e2a\u6708\u5185\u56de\u8986\u3002\u52302009\u5e741\u670819\u65e5\uff0c\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\u63d0\u4f9b\u9a6c\u519b\u5165\u8bfb\u79c1\u6821\u6536\u636e\uff0c\u4f46\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5b98\u5458\u4ece\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\u7684\u62a5\u7a0e\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u4ed6\u6bcf\u5e74\u6536\u5165\u521a\u8fc74\u4e07\u5143\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u52a8\u673a\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u652f\u4ed8\u79c1\u6821\u5b66\u8d39\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u662f\u7792\u5929\u8fc7\u6d77\uff0c\u53ea\u4e3a\u8fbe\u5230\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u6545\u6b64\u4e0d\u6279\u51c6\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u79fb\u6c11\u7533\u8bf7\u3002\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\u4e0a\u8bc9\u6cd5\u5ead\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u53f8\u6cd5\u8986\u6838\u3002\u3000<\/p>\n

\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u5b98\u4f2f\u6069\u65af(Justice Barnes\uff09\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u6709\u6210\u89c1\uff0c\u65e9\u4e0b\u5b9a\u8bba\uff0c\u5047\u8bbe\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\u4e3a\u6c42\u79fb\u6c11\u800c\u53bb\u5ba3\u8a93\u548c\u4e3a\u513f\u5b50\u62a5\u8bfb\u79c1\u6821\uff0c\u6545\u62d2\u7edd\u63a5\u53d7\u9a6c\u5bcc\u5e38\u7684\u56de\u5e94\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u9762\u8bd5\uff0c\u7ed9\u4ed6\u673a\u4f1a\u81ea\u8fa9\u6216\u52a0\u4ee5\u6838\u5b9e\u3002\u6cd5\u5b98\u8ba4\u4e3a\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u6b64\u4e3e\u6709\u6b20\u516c\u5141\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5ba3\u8a93\u6ca1\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u79fb\u6c11\u90e8\u5e94\u53e6\u627e\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u3002\u6545\u5728\u65e5\u524d\u5ba3\u5224\u53d1\u8fd8\u4e2a\u6848\uff0c\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u79fb\u6c11\u5b98\u5458\u5ba1\u6838\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

-\u4e2d\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u989d\u589e \u5168\u7403\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u5e45\u840e\u7f29 -\u4eca\u5e74\u5438\u7eb3\u79fb\u6c11\u5fae\u589e\u81f323\u4e07\u4eba -\u7533\u8bf7\u62c5\u4fdd\u79fb\u6c11\u4e2a\u6848\u79ef\u538b \u4e0e\u7956\u7236\u6bcd\u7236\u6bcd\u56e2\u805a\u66f4\u96be -\u534e\u88d4\u5bb6\u5ead\u6709\u667a\u969c\u513f \u7533\u8bf7\u79fb\u6c11\u906d\u7559\u96be \u4e2d\u6e2f\u79fb\u6c11\u989d\u589e \u5168\u7403\u5bb6\u5ead\u56e2\u805a\u79fb\u6c11\u5927\u5e45\u840e\u7f29 \u660e\u62a5\u6e29\u54e5\u534e\u4e13\u8baf\/\u79fb\u6c11\u5f8b\u5e08\u674e\u514b\u4f26(Richard Kurland)\u6839\u636e\u8d44\u8baf\u81ea\u7531\u6cd5\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u79fb\u6c11\u90e82010\u5e74\u79fb\u6c11\u76ee…
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