\u661f\u62a5\/\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u57281983\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u77e5\u60c5\u6cd5\u300b(Access to Information Act)\uff0c\u4ee4\u672c\u56fd\u5f97\u98ce\u6c14\u4e4b\u5148\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b98\u50da\u591a\u65b9\u963b\u6320\u3001\u8f85\u4ee5\u6536\u8d39\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77e5\u60c5\u5236\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u5d29\u6e83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u300a\u77e5\u60c5\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u521b\u4e3e\u3002\u5e02\u6c11\u53ea\u8981\u586b\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u7f34\u4ea45\u5143\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u6743\u8981\u6c42\u7d22\u9605\u4efb\u4f55\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6863\u6848\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u8d44\u8baf\u4e13\u5458\u9a6c\u6d1b(Robert Marleau)\u79f0\uff1a\u201c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u662f\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u3002\u201d\u4f46\u4ed6\u7eed\u8bf4\uff0c26\u5e74\u6765\u9006\u6c34\u884c\u821f\uff0c\u52a0\u56fd\u5df2\u843d\u540e\u4e8e\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u8fd9\u8bb8\u591a\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u672a\u6709\u4e00\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u53bb\u4fee\u6539\u8fd9\u9879\u6cd5\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4e0e\u65f6\u5e76\u8fdb\u3002\u201d\u300a\u77e5\u60c5\u6cd5\u300b\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u7ecf\u5386\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u56fd\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u6765\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u5199\u7167\uff1a\u4eba\u4e3a\u758f\u5ffd\u3001\u4e89\u6743\u593a\u5229\u3001\u6c11\u4f17\u51b7\u611f\uff0c\u4ee4\u539f\u5219\u5236\u5ea6\u8150\u673d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4e00\u5207\u6743\u529b\u90fd\u6e10\u6e10\u96c6\u4e2d\u5230\u603b\u7406\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u3002\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u4ee5\u524d\u53ea\u662f\u9053\u5177\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u591a\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u9886\u8896\u5411\u653f\u654c\u53d1\u52a8\u653b\u51fb\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u63d0\u5021\u95ee\u8d23\uff0c\u4f46\u652f\u51fa\u4ece\u4e0d\u516c\u5f00\u3002\u53e6\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u88ab\u8feb\u6295\u95f2\u7f6e\u6563\u7684\u5185\u9601\u9601\u5458\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u7792\u7740\u9009\u6c11\u9ed1\u7bb1\u4f5c\u4e1a\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u3002\u8981\u76d1\u5bdf\u653f\u5e9c\u4f5c\u4e1a\u7684\u56fd\u6c11\u6108\u6765\u6108\u89c9\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6c11\u9009\u5b98\u5458\u6ca1\u6709\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e89\u53d6\u5229\u76ca\uff1b\u5c24\u6709\u751a\u8005\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u4e8b\u51b7\u611f\u7684\u6c11\u4f17\u4e5f\u6108\u6765\u6108\u591a\u3002\u6c11\u4f17\u51b7\u611f\uff0c\u7eb5\u4f7f\u5236\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\u900f\u660e\uff0c\u6c11\u9009\u5b98\u5458\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u51cf\u5c11\u900f\u660e\u5ea6\u4e86\u3002\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6c99\u7ef4\u5c14(Donald Savoie)\u53f9\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u52a0\u56fd\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u884c\u653f\u5236\u5ea6\u51fa\u4e86\u5c94\u5b50\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u6b63\u5982\u524d\u603b\u7406\u7aef\u7eb3(John Turner)\u6240\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u80fd\u5076\u5c14\u800c\u5f97\uff0c\u8981\u4e89\u53d6\u624d\u6709\u6c11\u4e3b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u4e13\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u6c11\u4e3b\u73b0\u51b5<\/p>\n
\u5728\u672a\u6765\u51e0\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u6708\uff0c\u300a\u591a\u4f26\u591a\u661f\u62a5\u300b\u4f1a\u6709\u4e13\u6587\u63a2\u8ba8\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u72b6\u51b5\u3002<\/p>\n
\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c5\u5e74\u5185\u4e3e\u884c3\u6b21\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u4e0a\u5468\u8fd8\u6270\u6270\u6518\u6518\u7740\u5927\u9009\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f0f\u5fae\u4e4b\u8bf4\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ee4\u4eba\u6478\u4e0d\u7740\u5934\u8111\u3002\u4ee4\u4eba\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u6295\u7968\u7387\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u5927\u9009\u7684\u6295\u7968\u7387\u6b63\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff1b1979\u5e74\u662f75%\uff1b\u53bb\u5e7410\u6708\u7684\u5927\u9009\u53ea\u662f58%\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u6b21\u6295\u7968\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u5f97520\u4e07\u7968\u83b7\u80dc\uff0c\u800c\u6ca1\u6709\u6295\u7968\u7684\u5408\u8d44\u683c\u9009\u6c11\u662f980\u4e07\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u7968\u6570\u7684\u4e00\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n
\u66f4\u4ee4\u4eba\u5403\u60ca\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u6295\u7968\u65e5\u5b81\u613f\u7559\u5728\u5bb6\u7684\u4ee5\u5e74\u8f7b\u9009\u6c11\u5c45\u591a\u3002\u7aef\u7eb3\u5728\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u7684\u6625\u5b63\u5927\u4f1a\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u53ef\u53d1\u6325\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6108\u6765\u6108\u5c11\uff0c\u515a\u89c4\u4ee4\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u4ee3\u8868\u9009\u533a\u900f\u9732\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5fc3\u58f0\uff0c\u4ee4\u5e74\u8f7b\u9009\u6c11\u82e6\u607c\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8eab\u4e3a\u603b\u7406\u4fbf\u8981\u81ea\u524a\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u6743\u529b\uff1b\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u8981\u4e3a\u6c11\u8bf7\u547d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e3a\u515a\u8bf7\u547d\uff1b\u6c11\u4f17\u5219\u8981\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u8def\u9014\u4e0a\u4e89\u53d6\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u662f\u4e00\u671d\u4e00\u5915\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u529f\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u6570\u5341\u5e74\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u53ca\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u638c\u653f\u65f6\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d8b\u52bf\u5df2\u5728\u6e10\u6e10\u5174\u8d77\uff0c\u4e0d\u8fc7\u89c2\u5bdf\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u603b\u7406\u54c8\u73c0\u57282006\u5e74\u6267\u653f\u540e\uff0c\u5f62\u52bf\u6025\u8f6c\u76f4\u4e0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u653f\u6cbb\u6559\u6388\u5206\u6790.\u54c8\u73c0\u63fd\u6743\u9119\u89c6\u5baa\u5236<\/p>\n
\u653f\u6cbb\u79d1\u5b66\u6559\u6388\u6e29\u91cc\u514b(Lorraine Weinrib)\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9119\u89c6\u52a0\u56fd\u5baa\u7ae0\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u539f\u5219\u53ca\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u54c8\u73c0\u7684\u201c\u653f\u7ee9\u201d\u3002\u5979\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e66\u300a\u56fd\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u9677\u5165\u5371\u673a\u300b(Parliament Democracy in Crisis)\u800c\u5199\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u54c8\u73c0\u5ba3\u79f0\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u662f\u6c11\u4e3b\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6240\u4e3a\u5374\u7b26\u5408\u53e6\u4e00\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u62e5\u6709\u7edd\u5bf9\u6743\u529b\u7684\u884c\u653f\u67b6\u6784\uff0c\u5236\u8ba2\u81ea\u5bb6\u89c4\u77e9\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u6c99\u7ef4\u5c14\u957f\u671f\u89c2\u5bdf\u8fc7\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u53ca\u82f1\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u4f1a\u4f20\u7edf\uff0c\u6168\u53f9\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u53ca\u5185\u9601\u9601\u5458\u7684\u6743\u529b\u8f6c\u79fb\u5230\u603b\u7406\u8eab\u8fb9\u7684\u975e\u6c11\u9009\u987e\u95ee\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u9053\uff1a\u201c\u5185\u9601\u5df2\u7ecf\u5927\u6743\u65c1\u843d\u3002\u6e25\u4eac\u7684\u5927\u6743\u5df2\u843d\u5728\u603b\u7406\u624b\u91cc\u3001\u8bf4\u5ba2\u624b\u91cc\u3002\u6c11\u4e3b\u5df2\u53d7\u5230\u8bf4\u5ba2\u7684\u97ad\u631e\uff0c\u800c\u8bf4\u5ba2\u6c42\u7684\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5df1\u4e4b\u5229\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u81ea\u7531\u515a\u7684\u674e\u535a\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u884c\u653f\u673a\u6784\u5728\u603b\u7406\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u8bae\u4e8b\u65e5\u7a0b\u72ec\u65ad\u72ec\u884c\uff0c\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u56fd\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u72ec\u65ad\u72ec\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u3002\u201d\u4ed6\u8bf4\uff1a\u201c\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u56fd\u6c11\u613f\u610f\u89c1\u5230\u591a\u5c11\u6743\u529b\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u624b\u4e0a\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u8bae\u5458\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u55a7\u54d7\u5927\u53eb<\/p>\n
\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u6279\u65b0\u8bae\u5458\u3002\u5728\u4e0d\u8db35\u5e74\u5185\uff0c\u56fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86205\u5f20\u65b0\u9762\u5b54\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u6e25\u4eac\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u8ba4\u8bc6\u4e0d\u6df1\u3001\u5bf9\u653f\u654c\u6beb\u4e0d\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u5bf9\u515a\u9886\u4e0d\u6562\u6709\u5f02\u8bae\u3002\u4fdd\u5b88\u515a\u53c2\u8bae\u5458\u6885\u91cc(Lowell Murray)\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u201c\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fdb\u5165\u8bae\u4f1a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u55a7\u54d7\u5927\u53eb\u4fbf\u6210\u3002\u8fd9\u624d\u662f\u95ee\u9898\u6240\u5728\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u6e25\u592a\u534e\u4f1a\u662f\u5404\u515a\u4f1a\u6218\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u4f46\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u666e\u7f57\u767e\u59d3\u3002\u5728\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u6cbb\uff0c\u516c\u4f17\u5229\u76ca\u6108\u4e0d\u53d7\u91cd\u89c6\u3002\u6295\u7968\u7387\u3001\u5404\u515a\u7684\u515a\u5458\u6570\u76ee\u53c8\u65e5\u76ca\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u6c99\u7ef4\u5c14\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u201c\u6c11\u4e3b\u8bae\u4f1a\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u751a\u4e48\uff1f\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u7fa4\u4f17\u2026\u6c11\u4f17\u4e00\u65e6\u663e\u5f97\u51b7\u611f\uff0c\u957f\u8fdc\u770b\uff0c\u95ee\u9898\u4fbf\u4f1a\u6ecb\u751f\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n
\u6c11\u4f17\u51b7\u611f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u56fd\u4f1a\u8bae\u5458\u65e0\u6cd5\u5de6\u53f3\u653f\u5e9c\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u6c11\u4f17\u5bf9\u653f\u515a\u5174\u8da3\u65e5\u51cf\u3002\u6c99\u7ef4\u5c14\u79f0\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u662f\u8bae\u4f1a\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u52a0\u4eba\u6ca1\u6709\u4ee5\u524d\u90a3\u6837\u73cd\u60dc\u5b83\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8054\u90a6\u8d44\u8baf\u4e13\u5458\u9a6c\u6d1b\u6168\u53f9\u52a0\u4eba\u4e0d\u61c2\u5baa\u5236\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3e\u51fa\u53bb\u5e74\u79cb\u5b63\u7684\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u8bf4\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u80fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u4e0d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u6839\u636e\u672c\u56fd\u56fd\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u8054\u5408\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u201c\u653f\u53d8\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u8fd8\u6709\u52a0\u56fd\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u4ee4\u9a6c\u6d1b\u611f\u5230\u5fe7\u8651\u3002<\/p>\n
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\u661f\u62a5\/\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u57281983\u5e74\u901a\u8fc7\u300a\u77e5\u60c5\u6cd5\u300b(Access to Information Act)\uff0c\u4ee4\u672c\u56fd\u5f97\u98ce\u6c14\u4e4b\u5148\u3002\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u5b98\u50da\u591a\u65b9\u963b\u6320\u3001\u8f85\u4ee5\u6536\u8d39\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u65e0\u77e5\uff0c\u4ee4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u77e5\u60c5\u5236\u5ea6\u9010\u6e10\u5d29\u6e83\u3002 \u300a\u77e5\u60c5\u6cd5\u300b\u7684\u901a\u8fc7\u5728\u5f53\u65f6\u88ab\u8a89\u4e3a\u521b\u4e3e\u3002\u5e02\u6c11\u53ea\u8981\u586b\u5199\u7b80\u5355\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u7f34\u4ea45\u5143\uff0c\u4fbf\u6709\u6743\u8981\u6c42\u7d22\u9605\u4efb\u4f55\u8054\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u6863\u6848\u3002\u8054\u90a6\u8d44\u8baf\u4e13\u5458\u9a6c…
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